Levels Of Conjugated Dienes Research Articles

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ПРООКСИДАНТНОЇ ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМ У ЛЕГЕНЯХ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО АЛЬВЕОЛІТУ І СТРЕСУ

We have analysed the results of the study of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis in the dynamics of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress. The study included 62 female guinea pigs weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: 1 – intact guinea pigs (n=20); 2 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (1st day); 3 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (2nd day); 4 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (34th day). The results of the experimental study showed that a signifi cant increase in conjugated diene level in animal lungs was observed at all stages of EAA development under conditions of immobilization stress as compared to a control group, indicating the activation of this marker. The same changes occurred with MDA content, indicating excessive accumulation of this lipid peroxidation product in lung tissue. Intensive synthesis of free radical compounds caused activation of some components of the enzymatic system of antioxidant defence. In particular, a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue is observed in response to an increased level of LOPs at early stages of EAA and immobilization stress development as compared to these indices in intact animals. The same situation is observed with catalase and ceruloplasmin activity in the lungs of guinea pigs with modelled AA and IS.

The study of influence of the extracts obtained from prunus domestica fruits on lipid peroxydation and antioxidant system indicators in liver

The study of pharmacological properties and experimental substantiation of application possibilities of the plum fruits extracts in the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system diseases is relevant, because plum is source of phenolic compounds with a wide range of action and is used in folk medicine for treating diseases of digestive system.
 The aim of the present work was an experimental study of anti free radical activity by lipid peroxidation indicators and antioxidant properties by the antioxidant system (AOS) indicators of two Plum extracts, detecting the most effective extract and determining its effective dose.
 The objects of research were extracts obtained from the fresh plum fruits: plum extract containing fibers (PEF) and extract containing plum polysaccharide complex (PEPC).
 Research methods: pharmacological (modeling of alcoholic damage to rat liver), biochemical (determination of the level of diene conjugates, TBA-AP, lipid hydroxyperoxides, reduced glutathione and α-tocopherol in rat liver homogenate) and statistical (using the program «Statistica 6.0», Student’s t-test).
 Experimental data on the study of the anti free radical properties of the plum extracts showed inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation, reducing the content of diene conjugates, TBAs, and lipid hydroxyperoxides under conditions of alcoholic liver damage. Regarding the effect of the investigated extracts on the markers of the antioxidant system of hepatocytes, there was an increase in the content of reducing glutathione and α-tocopherol on the alcoholic hepatitis model. The fiber-containing extract (PEF) was the most effective in normalizing the functional state of the liver at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Thus, it was determined that an effective dose of extract with fibers (PEF) was 200 mg/kg. The investigated effects of PEF in 200 mg/kg exceeded the effects of PEPS at the tested doses and were at the level of activity of reference drug «Silibor» in the dose of 25 mg/kg. Anti free radical and antioxidant properties of the PEF are probably related to its chemical composition namely phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids). Considering the results of screening, the most promising subject for further in-depth pharmacological study is plum extract PEF at dose 200 mg/kg.

Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata seeds in cyproterone acetate-induced sexual dysfunction in male albino rats.

Male infertility has become a global concern. Different conventional medicines with some side effects generally are used for the management of male infertility. To search out the potent aphrodisiac agent without side effect, an approach has been taken to prevent the cyproterone acetate (CPA)-treated male infertility by ethanolic extract of seed of Hygrophila auriculata in albino rat. CPA is used for the treatment of prostate cancer. It has anti-androgenic properties and suppresses the spermatogenesis process. Count, motility and viability of spermatozoa, number of hypo-osmotic tail swelled spermatozoa and serum testosterone level were significantly decreased in CPA-treated rat. CPA also caused significant diminution of activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and elevation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes levels. All parameters were significantly restored after the treatment of H.auriculata extract to the CPA-treated rats. Histological study revealed significant rectification of seminiferous tubular diameter and spermatogenic cells in extract-treated group. Body weight, organo-somatic indices, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities were significantly recovered towards control in H.auriculata-treated group. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of H.auriculata has androgenic and antioxidant properties that can improve male infertility without metabolic toxicity.

Assessment of the intensity of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in the blood-erythrocyte serum system in patients with laryngeal cancer

Aim: To evaluate the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of catalase in patients with laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods: Samples of blood serum and erythrocytes from 40 patients with laryngeal cancer of stages II and III and 20 healthy volunteers were investigated. Results: The level of TBA-positive products and diene conjugates in blood serum samples of stage II and III patients with laryngeal cancer was increased than that of control. In the same time catalase activity was significantly reduced. In the erythrocytes of patients in both groups the level of diene conjugates and catalase activity was higher than that of control. The level of TBA-positive products increased only in patients with III stage disease. Our results indicate the intensification of free-radical oxidation against the background of the functional stress of the antioxidant defense system in patients with laryngeal cancer, as well as the violation of the structural and functional state of erythrocyte plasma membranes, which is manifested in the activation of lipid peroxidation. This indicates about the formation of a complex of disorders, which can play a significant role in the development and deepening of the pathological process.

Influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the indicators of antioxidant protection of rat myocardium in experimental modeling of heart failure

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bendamin on the antioxidant status of rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. The studies were performed on white sexually mature young male of Vistar line rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on a standard diet of the Institute Vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group R1, in which animals were simulated with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group R2, in which animals were injected with the drug “Bendamin” at a dose of 20 mg/kg after injection of doxorubicin. The data obtained indicate that the introduction into the experimental animals of the experimental group of doxorubicin is accompanied by intensification in the myocardium of the processes of free radical oxidation. The increase in diene conjugates was found to be 32.7% and TBK-active products increased by 37.6% compared to the control group of rats. Doxorubicin was also found to cause inhibition of the glutathione system of the animal's antioxidant protection after administration to rats. After administration of the drug “Bendamin”, rats of the second experimental group were suppressed with lipid peroxidation under the conditions of doxorubicin intoxication. In the rats of the second experimental group, the level of intermediates and end products is likely to decrease, so in the rat myocardial homogenate the level of diene conjugates decreased by 16.8% and the level of TBA-active products by 20.8% compared to the first experimental group. who had clinical signs of cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin administration. The use of the drug “Bendamin” in rats of the second experimental group contributed to the enhancement of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic element of the antioxidant system, protecting the structural and functional integrity of cell bioembranes. The results of the studies enrich the pharmacological characteristics of the drug “Bendamin”, indicate its sufficiently clear protective effect on the myocardium in experimental doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and is a convincing proof of the feasibility of the drug in veterinary practice.

OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN THE LUNGS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL HYPEROXIA WITH INHALED LIPOSOMES BASED ON EGG LECITHIN

Oxidative stress is considered to be a factor leading to lung damage in premature infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhaled antioxidants incorporated into egg lecithin liposomes on the indicators of oxidative stress in the lungs of newborn guinea pigs under experimental hyperoxia (3 days). Bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid (BALF) was used as a material for the study. Under hyperoxia exposure, inhalation of liposomes containing N-acetylcysteine and alpha-tocopherol contributed to the suppression of the reactive oxygen species production by cells, normalization of glutathione peroxidase activity and carbonyls content, while not affecting the level of diene conjugates in BALF. The introduction of retinoid-containing liposomes (retinol and retinoic acid) under hyperoxia was accompanied by normalization of glutathione peroxidase activity as well as the content of protein oxidation products in BALF, while the generation of reactive oxygen species remained enhanced, and the diene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive products exceeded the levels in animals exposed to hyperoxia alone. Thus, the inhaled liposomes containing retinoids and egg lecithin exhibit not only anti-, but also a prooxidant effect in the lungs under hyperoxia exposure, unlike the liposomal forms of N-acetylcysteine and alpha-tocopherol.

Long-term effects of chromium on morphological and immunological parameters of Wistar rats

Hexavalent chromium raises high concern because of its wide industrial applications and reported toxicity. Long-term (135 days) oral exposure of Wistar rats to chromium in the form of K2Cr2O7 (exposed group~20 mg/kg/day) led to a decrease in thymus mass and thymocytes' number and caused structural and functional changes in the lymph nodes and spleen, namely lymphoreticular hyperplasia and plasmocytic macrophage transformation. Programmed cell death was increased in both thymocytes and splenocytes and decreased in lymphocytes in the T-zones of spleen and lymph nodes. Moreover, Cr (VI) administration decreased myeloid cells' and neutrophils' number, while it increased lymphoid and erythroid cells' number in bone marrow. Cr (VI) immune system effects seem to be related to oxidative stress induction, as depicted by the increased levels of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the spleen and liver and by the decreased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in rats’ erythrocytes. In addition, exposure to Cr (VI) decreased copper, nickel and iron concentrations in blood and liver, while Cr levels in blood, spleen and liver were increased, as expected. The observed changes in the series of immunological parameters studied contribute to the development of new approaches for the prevention of low level Cr exposure toxicity.

Dimethyl fumarate and monomethyl fumarate attenuate oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations leading to oxiapoptophagy in 158N murine oligodendrocytes treated with 7β-hydroxycholesterol

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and favor lipid peroxidation, leading to increased levels of 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) which induces oxiapoptophagy (OXIdative stress, APOPTOsis, autoPHAGY). The cytoprotective effects of dimethylfumarate (DMF), used in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and of monomethylfumarate (MMF), its main metabolite, were evaluated on murine oligodendrocytes 158 N exposed to 7β-OHC (50 μM, 24 h) with or without DMF or MMF (25 μM). The activity of 7β-OHC in the presence or absence DMF or MMF was evaluated on several parameters: cell adhesion; plasma membrane integrity measured with propidium iodide (PI), trypan blue and fluoresceine diacetate (FDA) assays; LDH activity; antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)); generation of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CDs)) and protein oxidation products (carbonylated proteins (CPs)); reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction conducted with DHE and DHR123. The effect on mitochondria was determined with complementary criteria: measurement of succinate dehydrogenase activity, evaluation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial superoxide anions (O2●−) production using DiOC6(3) and MitoSOX, respectively; quantification of mitochondrial mass with Mitotracker Red, and of cardiolipins and organic acids. The effects on mitochondrial and peroxisomal ultrastructure were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Intracellular sterol and fatty acid profiles were determined. Apoptosis and autophagy were characterized by staining with Hoechst 33,342, Giemsa and acridine orange, and with antibodies raised against caspase-3 and LC3. DMF and MMF attenuate 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: cell growth inhibition; decreased cell viability; mitochondrial dysfunction (decrease of succinate dehydrogenase activity, loss of ΔΨm, increase of mitochondrial O2●− production, alteration of the tricarboxilic acid (TCA) cycle, and cardiolipins content); oxidative stress induction (ROS overproduction, alteration of GPx, CAT, and SOD activities, increased levels of MDA, CDs, and CPs); changes in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism; and cell death induction (caspase-3 cleavage, activation of LC3-I in LC3-II). Ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria and peroxisomes were prevented. These results demonstrate that DMF and MMF prevent major dysfunctions associated with neurodegenerative diseases: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy.

Effects of Carpobrotus edulis Extract on Oxidative Stress and 158N Oligodendrocyte Death

ObjectiveAge-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and increase the levels of cholesterol auto-oxidation products such as 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC). Thus, it is imperative to identify agents that can prevent 7β-OHC-induced side-effects. MethodsWe evaluated the potential protective effects of Carpobrotus edulis ethanol-water extract (EWe) on murine oligodendrocytes (158N) cultured in the absence or presence of 7β-OHC (20 μg/mL, 24 h). The cells were incubated with EWe (20-200 µg/mL) 2 h before 7β-OHC treatment. Mitochondrial activity and cell growth were evaluated with the MTT assay. Photometric methods were used to analyze antioxidant enzyme [catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] activities and the generation of lipid and protein oxidation products [malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), and carbonylated proteins (CPs)]. ResultsTreatment with 7β-OHC induced cell death and oxidative stress (reflected by alteration in CAT and SOD activities). Overproduction of lipid peroxidation products (MDA and CDs) and CPs was also reported. The cytotoxic effects associated with 7β-OHC were attenuated by 160 μg/mL of EWe of C. edulis. Cell death induced by 7β-OHC treatment was ameliorated, GPx and CAT activities were restored to normal, and MDA, CD, and CP levels were reduced following C. edulis extract treatment. ConclusionThese data demonstrate the protective activities of C. edulis EWe against 7β-OHC-induced disequilibrium in the redox status of 158N cells, indicative of the potential role of this plant extract in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Effect of Sterigmatocystin or Aflatoxin Contaminated Feed on Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Redox System and Expression of Glutathione Redox System Regulatory Genes in Broiler Chicken.

Authors studied the effect of sterigmatocystin from infected corn (STC), purified sterigmatocystin (PSTC), and aflatoxin B1 from infected corn (AFB1) on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox parameters, including the expression of their encoding genes in a sub-chronic (14 days) trial. A total of 144 three-week-old cockerels was divided into four experimental groups (n = 36 in each). Control feed was contaminated with STC or PSTC (1590 µg STC/kg or 1570.5 µg STC/kg feed), or with AFB1 (149.1 µg AFB1/kg feed). Six birds from each group were sampled at day 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 of mycotoxin exposure. As parameters of lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes (CD) and trienes (CT) were measured in the liver, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined in blood plasma, red blood cell hemolysate and liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined in the same samples, and expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutathione synthetase (GSS) and glutathione reductase (GSR) genes was measured by RT-PCR in the liver. STC, PSTC or AFB1 caused a slight, but not significant, increase in CD and CT levels; however, in the case of MDA, no increase was found in the liver. Glutathione redox system was activated in the liver by AFB1, but less markedly by STC/PSTC. PSTC and AFB1 resulted in a higher expression of GPX4, while GSS expression was down-regulated by AFB1 on day 1, but up-regulated by STC on day 2 and by both mycotoxins on day 7. However, on day 14, GSS expression was down-regulated by PSTC. Expression of GSR was low on day 1 in AFB1 and PSTC groups, but later it was up-regulated by AFB1. The observed changes regarding gene expression strengthen the hypothesis that the mild oxidative stress, caused by the applied STC doses, activates the glutathione redox system of broiler chickens.

INFLUENCE OF ISCHEMICAL-REPERFERUAL SYNDROME ON ACTIVATION OF THE LIPID PEROXIDATION SYSTEM IN THE LIVER TISSUES IN EXPERIMENT

The purpose of the study. The leading mechanism of damage after ischemia / reperfusion is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. This process leads to the formation of a number of products of lipid peroxidation (LPO).In order to clarify the development of the process of lipid peroxidation, the study of diene conjugates is important. They are the primary products of lipid peroxidation and relate to toxic metabolites that have a damaging effect on lipoproteins, proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids.The above mechanisms are actively occurring in victims with combined trauma and reperfusion injury, and at the same time justifies the need to study changes in the LPO system in such victims in order to correct their treatment.The aim of the work is to study the effect of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome on changes in the lipid peroxidation system of the liver tissue in an experiment in animals with a combined injury of the abdominal organs.Material and methods. In the experiment, 80 mature white male Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were used.Animals were divided into control and 3 experimental groups (8 animals in each group). In the animals of the first experimental group the development of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome was studied. In the second group under study, a closed injury of the abdominal organs and hypovolemic shock were modeled. In the third group, damages of the first two groups were combined. The control animals were given anesthesia, without the formation of any injuries.In the liver homogenate, the level of diene conjugates, triene conjugates, and malondaldehyde was examined in a day, three, and seven days after injury modeling.Animals of the experimental groups were removed from the experiment in the conditions of thiopental sodium anesthesia by the method of total bleeding from the heart.Results. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the imposition of hemostatic harnesses for a period of 2:00 causes a significant activation of the POL system in the liver tissue, even after seven days, the indicators of MDA, DC and TC did not return to normal values. Comparing the research groups with each other, they have found that the content of DC in the second group was statistically higher than in the first and less than in the third one. In DG-3, the indicator DU is statistically greater than in DG - 1 and DG - 2 in all control points of the experimental study.In DG - level 3, MDA grew up to seven days: starting from the first day it increased 9.4 times (p <0.001), after three days it increased 15.7 times (p <0.001) and seven days later it increased 18.2 times ( p <0.001) compared to benchmarks.The previously mentioned shows the prospect of further research in the context of the correction of systemic changes that occur following the ischemic period.Findings. The ischemic-reperfusion syndrome in the model of a combined injury of the abdominal organs leads to the development of systemic changes, which is indirectly indicated by a significant increase in the performance of the POL system.

The impact of the administration of PRP and disease-modifying therapy on the synovial environment, general health and treatment efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

The impact of the administration of PRP and disease-modifying therapy on the synovial environment, general health and treatment efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) modulate the oxidative stress associated injury of diesel exhaust particles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

BackgroundPrevious evidence show foods and beverages rich in polyphenolic compounds to have favourable effects on the cardiovascular system. HypothesisThe current study assessed the modulation of oxidative stress and associated inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP - SRM 2975) by pre-treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with aqueous extracts of rooibos [fermented (FR) as well as green form (GR)] and honeybush [fermented form (FH)]. Study designHUVEC are either exposed to DEP (10 µg/ml) for 4 h or pre-treated with 40 and 60 µg/ml of FR or GH or FR, or 50 µg/ml orientin (OR) for 6 h prior to DEP exposure. MethodsIn vitro antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed and the polyphenol contents were also assessed by HPLC. ROS, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, lipid peroxidation, GSH:GSSG ratios, conjugated diene and protein carbonyl levels were determined as indices of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assess inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant genes expression. ResultsDEP caused a dose and time-dependent increase in ROS production, significant (p < 0.001) increase in protein carbonyl (PC) formation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated dienes levels (p < 0.01) and a significant reduction in glutathione (GSH) redox status. Pre-incubation with either the herbal extracts or orientin attenuated these effects. The significant increase in IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1 and ATF4 gene expression caused by DEP (10 µg/ml) were also attenuated by the presence of the FR, GR and FH extracts, and OR . Pre-treatment with the rooibos extracts or flavone orientin enhanced cell viability, reduced LDH leakage, enhanced mRNA expression of NQO1 and Nrf2, but repressed CYP1B1 mRNA induced by DEP. Western blot showed both the herbal tea extracts and orientin to enhance NQO1 and γGSC protein induction by DEP. ConclusionTaken together, the herbal extracts offer protection against DEP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СВОБОДНОРАДИКАЛЬНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ И ЕГО СВЯЗЬ С ОБМЕНОМ ЖЕЛЕЗА ПРИ ТЕРАПИИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ГЕПАТИТА

The purpose of the work is to study the processes of free radical lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system activity and their connection with the iron metabolism in white rats with experimental hepatitis, and after the use of hepatoprotectors. Materials and Methods. Studies were conducted on white Wistar rats: body weight – 180–200 g, age – 3 months. “Berlition” and “Legalon M” were administered intramuscularly, 0.2 ml per animal once a day (30 days). The authors registered the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates, catalase activity, serum iron level, total and unsaturated iron binding capacity. Results. In experimental animals, the level of diene conjugates increased 1.8 times if compared with healthy ones. After the administration of “Legalon M” and “Berlition”, the concentration of diene conjugates decreased by 58.6 % (by half) compared with the experimental animals. It was established that the malondialdehyde content significantly increased in all tissues. After the administration of “Legalon M” and “Berlition”, the malondialdehyde content decreased in the liver, lungs and muscle tissues. In the tissues of the intestine and in the blood serum, MDA level resolved to that of healthy animals. In experimental animals, catalase activity increased significantly if compared with healthy ones. After “Legalon M” and “Berlition” administration there was a decrease in enzyme activity in all body tissues. In animals with experimental hepatitis, there was a failure of iron metabolism in the body. The authors observed activation of iron metabolism in the body after drug administration to rats with experimental hepatitis. Conclusions. “Ligalon M” and “Berlition” have an antioxidant effect and stimulate iron metabolism. Keywords: hepatitis, antioxidants, free radicals, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, diene conjugates, iron metabolism, transferrin, lipids.

Influence of Marmix premix on the state of lipid peroxidation and indices of non-specific resistance of the organism of pregnant mares with microelementosis

We observed the processes of lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased content of intermediate and its end products (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, malonic dialdehyde), in the blood of the pregnant mares. The changes of the data of indicators in the organism of the mares at the 9–11 months of pregnancy were established. The level of diene conjugates in the blood of animals was 3.6 ± 0.12 μmol/l, 33.3 and 44.0%, which was higher compared to non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th month of pregnancy. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of mares increased by 100% and by 42.9% in the blood of non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th month of pregnancy. The concentration of malondialdehyde in the blood of mares increased by 75.0%, 51.2% and 25.0% compared to non-pregnant mares and mares at 4th and 7th month of pregnancy, respectively. The results of our research showed that the mineral-vitamin premix Marmix had a positive influence on the state of lipid peroxidation products, contributed to their lowering in the blood of pregnant mares, which demonstrated antioxidant action and stimulated the function of the immune system. It was established that the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum and the concentration of circulating immune complexes increases in the mares with lack of trace elements. It was shown that feeding mares during the 9–11 months of pregnancy with the mineral-vitamin premix Marmix had a positive influence on the state of humoral factors of nonspecific resistance. In particular, the concentration of bactericidal activity of serum increased by 31.0%, lysozyme activity of blood serum – 45.4% and contributed to the decrease of the concentration of circulating immune complexes in serum by 3.8 times. The use of mineral-vitamin premix Marmix during 60 days in feeding pregnant mares caused a restoration of the clinical status, a decrease in the content of lipid peroxidation products.

Метаболічний і функціональний стан печінки за умов комбінованої дії свинцю і фтору на фоні застосування біопротекторів

Introduction. The potential danger of combined effect of lead and fluorine to human health motivates the search and experimental substantiation of physiologically acceptable ways of bioprophylaxis directed to preventing or reducing the negative effect on the organism. Objective: the study of the dynamics of the metabolic and functional state of the liver under conditions of combined effect of lead and fluorine without application of bioprotectors and on the background of bioprotectors application. Material and Methods. 4 series of researches were carried out on white rats, each according to the orthogonal planning scheme 22. Lead and fluorine were administered by intragastric within 30 days: in the first series — without bioprotectors application, in the second series — on the background of pectin application, in the third series — pectin and calcium application, in the fourth series — the complex of pectin, calcium and triovit application. The level of diene conjugates, the active products of thiobarbituric acid, the activities of superoxide dis-mutase and catalase, the index of general antioxidant activity in the liver tissue, the activities of alanine aminotransferases, aspartate aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum, concentration of urea were determined at the 15th and 30th day of the experiments, the integral coefficient of antioxidant defense and the type of combined action were calculated. Results. The combined effect of lead and fluorine leads to an imbalance between the indicators of lipoperox-idation and antioxidant activity of the liver tissue, the increased activities of alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases, the phase changes in alkaline phosphatase activity, and urea concentration in serum. The application of pectin did not affect the indicators. Pectin and calcium have improved the mechanisms of antioxidant system and the activity of enzymes. The complex of pectin, calcium and triovit normalizes metabolic processes in the liver tissue and improves its functional state. The type of the combined action depends on the registered effect, the duration of the stress factor and the applied bioprotektor. Conclusion. The optimal prophylactic effect under the combined action of lead and fluorine is achieved with the help of a complex of pectin, calcium and triovit. Key Words: lead, fluorine, combined effect, pectin, calcium, triovit, indicators of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, enzyme activity.

306 - Lipid peroxidation parameters in Caucasian and Asian menopausal women

Aim The aim of our research is to assess lipid peroxidation parameters (conjugated dienes (CDs), malonic dialdehyde (MDA)) in Caucasian (ethnic group - Russian) and Asian (ethnic group - Buryat) peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods 146 menopausal women divided into Caucasian (n=82) and Asian (n=64) groups were examined. All women underwent clinical-anamnestic examination. Each ethnic group was divided into reproductive age, perimenopause and postmenopause subgroups. Material for study was serum blood and spectrofluorofotometric methods were used. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with p Results The results of this research showed the higher CDs level in postmenopausal women and MDA level in perimenopausal Caucasian women than in reproductive age group (in 1.27 times and in 1.25 times respectively (р Conclusions Results of our research demonstrate that lipid peroxidation processes depend on the menopausal phase and ethnicity.

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera root in wistar rats

Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. They are scavenged by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. But when these mechanisms are overwhelmed, free radicals can cause toxicity. There is a need to identify new antioxidant compounds. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots in Wistar rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were administered vehicle. Group 2 received DMBA (30mg/kg BW, single dose) intraperitoneally on day 5. Group 3 was pre-treated with Calotropis procera root extract (500mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days. On day 5, they were given DMBA injection 2 hrs after the extract. Group 4 rats received only root extract for 5 days. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 and samples were analysed for TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) levels.Results: The levels of TBARS, conjugated dienes were significantly increased, and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in group 2 both in plasma and erythrocytes. Pretreatment with C. procera root extract (group 3) has normalized the TBARS and conjugated dienes levels in plasma but in erythrocytes, TBARS levels are elevated. GPx activity was significantly decreased in both plasma and erythrocytes and SOD activity was decreased in erythrocytes. CAT activity was comparable to control group. Group 4 rats showed TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes levels comparable to control.Conclusions: The present study establishes that Calotropis procera root extract has antioxidant activity in wistar rats.

Non-polar lipid carbonyls of thermally oxidized coconut oil induce hepatotoxicity mediated by redox imbalance

Thermal oxidation products of edible oils including aldehydes, peroxides and polymerized triglycerides formed during the cooking process are increasingly debated as contributory to chronic degenerative diseases. Depending on the oil used for cooking, the source of fatty acids and its oxidation products may vary and would have a differential influence on the physiological process. Coconut oil (CO) is a medium chain triglyceride-rich edible oil used in South India and other Asia Pacific countries for cooking purposes. The present study evaluated the biological effects of thermally oxidized coconut oil (TCO) as well as its non- polar hexane (TCOH) and polar methanol (TCO-M) sub-fractions in male Wistar rats. Results showed an increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and conjugated diene levels in TCO, which was extracted to TCOH fraction. The animals consumed TCO and its hexane and methanol fractions had a considerable increase in weight gain. However, serum and hepatic triglycerides were increased only in animals with TCO and TCOH administration. In these animals, the hepatic redox balance was disturbed, with a reduction in GSH and a concomitant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Increased incidence of microvesicles in hepatic histological observations also supported this assumption. Together, the study shows that TCO consumption is unhealthy, where the nonpolar compounds generated during thermal oxidation may be involved in the toxic insults.

PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC CORRECTION OF ANTIOXIDANT INDICATORS OF HOMEOSTATIC STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH DISCOGENIC PATHOLOGY

Aim: study of the results of lymphatic drainage and detoxification properties of a therapeutic complex in the form of galvanopharmacological technique with 1 % terrilytin and 0.5 % aspirin, therapeutic exercise and skull traction tongs in patients with discogenic lesions of the cervical spine for achieving analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, restoration of impaired functions and compensatory-adaptive reactions. Methods: the levels of lipid peroxidation were investigated, MRI was conducted on the "Gyroscan T5-NT" scanner (Philips), ultrasonic dopplerography of extracranial vessels was made using "Sonoline Antares" system (Siemens), REO of cervical vessels using "Megas" system (Italy) was conducted before/after application of the following methods: therapeutic exercises, neck massage, ascending lymphatic galvano-pharmacological technique with 0.5 % aspirin and 1 % terrylitin liquid in 10 ml of distilled water in a course of 7-10 procedures. Results: 35 % of patients were found to have the first degree of osteochondrosis; 37 % of patients had the second and 28 % of patients had the third degree. After a course of therapeutic complex with ascending lymphatic galvano-pharmacological therapy a significant increase in the level of SOD (from 7.86 ± 0.41 to 9.69 ± 0.45 units/ml; p = 0.0003); a reduction in the levels of MDA (from 2.51 ± 0.18 to 2.01 ± 0.11 nmol/l; p = 0.05) and diene conjugates (from 1.31 ± 0.15 to 0.89 ± 0.11 mlxmg; p = 0.0009) were stated. The therapeutic complex with ascending lymphatic galvano-pharmacological technique effectively eliminated pain syndrome, improved the levels of lipid predoxidation and neck/head vascular performance in 75.6 ± 4.3 % of patients. Conclusions: ascending galvano-pharmacological technique with the use of developed therapeutic complex in patients with discogenic lesions of the cervical spine promotes an effective lymphatic detoxification, an improvement of humoral transport, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, restoration of impaired functions of the muscular and ligamentous apparatus and the formation of compensatory-adaptive reactions.