Dialect Vocabulary Research Articles

Substantivation of Adjectives and Derivational Synonymy in Arkhangelsk Dialects

This article focuses on certain word formation processes observed within the lexical-semantic group “Food” in Arkhangelsk dialects. The study presents dialectal material collected during numerous dialectological expeditions and preserved in the archive of the Department of Russian Language and Speech Culture at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. The research demonstrates that in the vocabulary of Arkhangelsk dialects related to food, the substantivation of adjectives is not widely prevalent and is primarily represented in the thematic group “Baking.” However, the examples of substantivation discussed are characterized by the completion of the process, with the resulting substantives firmly established in the dialects. Additionally, numerous instances of derivational synonymy are found within the lexical-semantic group “Food.” The article examines two such examples: synonymic series of nouns denoting small dried fish and a dish made from cottage cheese with flour. It is revealed that Arkhangelsk dialects reflect characteristic phenomena of Russian dialects, such as developed suffixation, gender and number parallelism, and the formation of nouns with collective meanings. These processes contribute to a rich derivational synonymy that is absent in the standard Russian.

Names of Russian Oven and Its Components in Arkhangelsk Dialects

This article is dedicated to the study of dialectal vocabulary belonging to the thematic group “Russian Oven,” which is included in the second volume of the “Thematic Dictionary of Arkhangelsk Dialects.” This dictionary documents lexicon related to wooden structures and their components. The primary aim of this research is to record the nominations within the thematic group “Russian Oven” and to determine the meanings of the selected words for inclusion in the dictionary. The material for this article and the dictionary comprises dialectal records housed in the archive of the Department of Russian Language and Speech Culture at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov. The study employed a method of comprehensive sampling of words from the department’s archive, along with descriptive and lexicographic methods to clarify word meanings. The research reveals the diversity of dialectal vocabulary that names parts of the Russian oven; the same component may have various designations across different regions of Arkhangelsk Oblast, leading to the formation of synonyms, as well as phonetic, morphological, and derivational variations. A significant derivational cluster consists of words with the root -печ-, which are formed through suffixation (pechka, pechishcha, pechurok, pechurochek, etc.) and prefix-suffixation (opechek, opechye, podpechek, podpechye, pripechek, pripechye, protipechye, etc.).

Матеріали до словника традиційних народних промислів (гончарська лексика подільських говірок)

The article analyzes lexical material for the Dictionary of Traditional Folk Crafts. The proposed materials reflect the peculiarities and regional differences of the pottery terminology of Podillia. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that many problems of dialect lexicology have not yet been solved, in particular, a national dictionary of dialects and a dictionary of individual regions of Ukrainian dialects have not been created. The nomination of phenomena and concepts of traditional folk culture is poly-informative, and their fixation and preservation remain an urgent task of modern dialectology. The sources of the factual material are recordings of live folk speech made by the author in 12 (twelve) settlements of Podillia in 1998-1999. The purpose of the research is to review the history of Podillia pottery as a folk craft, as well as to present a fragment of a dictionary of pottery terminology, and to introduce a name to denote the realities of pottery into scientific circulation. The article uses general scientific methods of research: analysis, synthesis and observation, which made it possible to identify and systematize colloquial material; the descriptive method was used in the process of analyzing the vernacular speech. Special linguistic methods of research: questionnaires and interviews contributed to the recording of dialect speech, contextual and interpretive analysis allowed to identify transformations of the semantic scope of lexemes functioning in the live speech of speakers of Podillia dialects, linguo-geographical method made it possible to illustrate the habitat of the recorded names. The result of the research is the introduction of lexical material collected during the expedition into scientific circulation. The work on the dictionary of pottery terminology is planned to be continued, streamlining the previously collected vocabulary. Originality. Studying the cultural characteristics of Ukrainians allows not only expanding general knowledge, but also passing on the nation's invaluable experience to future generations. The vocabulary of traditional crafts is a unique basis for enriching the language, a part of cultural and social memory. It is also important to compile dictionaries, as the recording of traditional folk culture concepts is an urgent issue not only for ethnology but also for linguistics. Conclusion. The pottery vocabulary of Podillia dialects is a complex multifaceted system with a clear structure. The study of this vocabulary proves that in terms of area, it shows tendencies towards spatial opposition: some of the lexemes are not found in neighboring dialects (brashne, bohonok, vedrovyi pot, veselce, etc.). We see the prospects for further research in the continuation of work on the compilation of the Dictionary of Podillia Dialects.

El léxico navarro y su pervivencia más allá de la Edad Media

This article presents a lexical-semantic study of some voices registered in a large inventory of goods written in the 18th century in Tafalla, Navarre (1768). This document offers a list of the goods owned by the married couple of Juan Bautista Alzueta and Estanislada de Echauri, in both their drugstore and their house. The presence of voices with roots in Navarre and Aragon in this inventory shows how dialectal vocabulary surpassed the Middle Age. This way, through the lexical-semantic studies presented, we can define lexicon in a more proper way from different points of view: chronological, dialectal and diastratic.

NAMES OF RITUAL BREAD IN BULGARIAN DIALECTS OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to describe the ritual vocabulary associated with the use of bread in the ritual calendar of Bulgarians, to study and systematize the terminological system used in the Bulgarian continuum, to study the main trends in its development in the dialects of the Lower Danube region in Southern Ukraine. The object of the article is the names of ritual bread and other dough products in the Bulgarian dialects. The subject of consideration is the description and functioning of the terminological system of bread baking and the use of dough products in the calendar and ritual system of the Danube Bulgarians of Besarabia. As a result of the study, the names of bread and dough products operating in the Bulgarian dialects between the Dniester and Danube rivers are analyzed and classified. The rituals associated with baking bread for various religious and family holidays among the Bulgarians of the Lower Danube region are described. Conclusions. In the Bulgarian dialects, there is a fairly complete, capacious and integral system of names for bread and rituals where it is used. The study of the lexical and thematic layer of the names of bread and other dough products gives a sufficient idea of the nature of the dialect vocabulary and its archaic features.

Лингвокультурные аспекты семантики диалектной лексики (на материале островных немецких говоров в Сибири)

Island German dialects that exist in certain regions of Russia and partially retain the status of the everyday family language in Russian German families are a unique linguistic phenomenon from the point of view of the history of the development of the German language and its regional variants and language contacts as factors of influence on the language system. Island German dialects develop in a foreign language environment, preserving many archaic language elements. The aim of the study is to present aspects of the study of dialectal vocabulary in a new perspective, from the standpoint of linguoculturology and historical semantics, based on the accumulated scientific experience in German studies and dialectology of various languages. As the linguocultural aspects based on the material of German dialects outside the main language area have been developed in German studies fragmentarily, the scientific novelty lies in the approaches to the consideration of the semantics of vocabulary of island German dialects in terms of its significance as a representative of the linguoculture of Russian Germans and substantiates the need to consider island variants of the German language in an interdisciplinary aspect. As a result of the analysis of theoretical aspects of cultural linguistics and dialectology, an attempt is made to show what ethnoculturally significant information is reflected in the semantics of dialect units, and to determine the perspective of further dialectological research in the field of island German dialectology.

Dialect vocabulary with the roots of quantitative semantics in Vologda dialects

The article comments on the morphemic and word-formation structure of words with the roots of quantitative semantics on the material of the Dictio­nary of Vologda Dialects. Models of nominal, verbal and adverbial stems are characterized. The ways and means of forming words with quantitative roots are described, as well as the spectrum of word-forming meanings of derivative dialect words. Against the background of the general Russian patterns of their morphemic and word-formation structure, dialectal differences are revealed regarding the distribution of common Russian roots and affixes, as well as a wider range of their formal and semantic variation. Based on the study of the lexical composition of the nests of qualitative semantics and the structural organization of the dialect words included in them, conclusions are drawn about the specifics of the dialect language picture of the world: its anthropocentricity, pragmatism, traditionality and expressiveness.

전남 완도군 해녀의 언어 연구

This study analyzed the language of Haenyeo in Wando-gun lexically, grammatically, and phonologically. In the case of the vocabulary related to the name of the Haenyeo, their work style, and their work tool in Wando-gun, it was similar to the vocabulary used under the influence of the Jeju Haenyeo, but the Jeonnam dialect vocabulary was also used. Regarding the act, Wando’s native Haenyeo used ‘hwipalam, hukkesoli’, and Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used ‘hombes-soli, sonbi-soli, sunbi-soli’, so there was a difference between the two. The particles and connective ending in the language of Haenyeo in Wando-gun coexisted with both Jeonnam dialectal forms and standard language. However, The standard language was used more frequently. Glide was similar to Jeonnam dialect or Jeju dialect. The w-glide formation was coexisting in two forms, but the form in which w-glide formation occurred was more common. The y-glide formation was coexisting in two forms, but the ‘i+eo→yeo’ type is likely to be more common after glide formation. These linguistic characteristics of Wando-gun Haenyeo seem to have been influenced by various factors, including broadcasting media, keeping a distance from local residents, collection methods such as traditional methods and scuba diving, and increased income.

Lexical means of the Iraqi dialect for description the appearance, character, and characteristics of a person

The article provides an analysis of lexical constructions that are used in the modern Iraqi dialect of Arabic to describe the appearance or character of a person. The layer of vocabulary chosen for study is unique; most of the set expressions are not used in literary Arabic. The author groups the constructions under consideration by meaning, offers their translation into Russian, noting possible analogies, and also provides comments necessary to understand the semantics of a particular expression. The article also discusses constructions that reflect the influence on the Iraqi dialect a large amount of vocabulary borrowed from Persian, Turkish and English. Many borrowings of this kind are used to describe a person’s character and appearance.The vocabulary of the Arabic dialects is most susceptible to various influences and is of particular interest to the researcher, as it gives an idea of the ability of the language to constantly change, adapting to modern needs. The study of such constructions is important for a more complete understanding of the characteristics of the spoken language, and at the same time the mentality of its speakers.

Екшук: об одном наименовании лешего в марийском фольклоре

The origin of the word ekshuk, one of the specific names of the leshy (the forest spirit) in the Mari language, is under study. The topic is explored using linguistic sources and folklore materials, including rare ones that are newly introduced. The lexeme area, particularly Western Mari dialects, is established. The analysis has revealed the mixing of the word ekshuk with the Eastern Mari jekysuko (all evil, diseases). We suggest that these lexemes are of heterogeneous origin and should be analyzed separately. Further consideration of the Hill Mari kshuk, or the North-Western Mari ksh k, ksh k, kshӱk, kshuk, ksyuk, or the Meadow Mari kshӱ k, y kshӱ k, is made in the context of Russian dialect vocabulary. This vocabulary includes various terms used to designate “leshy” in Russian dialects, including les, yols, leshuk, Russian surnames Ekshukov, Ekshakov, Evshukov, Epsukov, Elsukov, or the village names such as Ekshakovo, Elsuki, Elsukovschina, and others. The account is taken of the regular character of the phonetic transitions s>š, l>v, p/b>g/k, e->yo- and metatheses le-~el- in Russian dialects and Finno-Ugric languages. Given the above, a conclusion is made that the Mari language mythonym ekshuk is a borrowing from Russian dialects: rus. les > rus. yols (devil, leshy) > *elsuk/*evshuk/epsuk > mari ekshuk. Thus, this name of leshy, along with the Hill Mari shishigӓ, shigӓ, leshӓ and North-Western Mari eshӓk is included in the group of Mari mythonyms of Russian origin. The etymology of the Eastern Mari ekysuko (all evil, disease) remains an open question.

"МИР ЖИВОТНЫХ" В ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА

The work is devoted to the description of the dialectal linguistic picture of the world, which, being part of the general linguistic picture, differs from the latter in its natural character, reflects the peculiarities of the worldview, lifestyle and life of the people. Dialect lexicography is of great importance for the study of regional culture, since it is in the dialect dictionary that folk and peasant culture is reflected. The vocabulary collected in dialect dictionaries is sometimes the only evidence of the life and lifestyle of entire generations of people. When describing dialect vocabulary, special attention is paid to the development of principles for compiling thematic (ideographic dictionaries). The study of a thematic group, rather than a single lexical unit, allows, on the one hand, to form the most complete picture of the studied fragment of reality, and on the other, to study the connections and relationships of each individual word with other words within the thematic group, i.e. to combine the extralinguistic and linguistic aspects of the description. The article considers the method of compiling a dictionary entry of an ideographic dialect dictionary according to nominative nests combining dialect names of certain realities of national life.

Діалектна лексика в романі Марії Матіос «Мами»

The problem raised in the article is relevant in the context of the representation of dialect vocabulary in the artistic discourse as an element of reflecting the color of the depicted territory and characters' speech, reproduction of their mentality. Despite a number of linguistic studies devoted to the functioning of dialectisms in Maria Matios’ works, the novel “Mothers” (2023) chosen for analysis has not been considered by linguists from the standpoint of the writer’s use of dialect vocabulary in it. The purpose of the article is to characterize the dialect vocabulary in the writer's novel under study as an important component of Maria Matios’ idiostyle and a sourse of the spoken language in the dialects of the southwestern dialect.
 Maria Matios’ new novel “Mothers” with the subtitle “Drama in six acts” continues the tradition of using dialect vocabulary, which was started by the writer in other prose works, presented both in footnotes (63 lexical units) and in the text of the work itself, mainly in the speech of the characters. The dialect lexemes used in the novel are diverse in terms of part-language affiliation, although verbs with different semantics dominate among them, nouns and adjectives are less common, and adverbs are much less common. At the same time, such units are representatives of a number of lexical-semantic groups, the main ones of which are LSG nomens to designate the names of actions and processes, names of persons according to various characteristics, everyday vocabulary, and abstract vocabulary.
 Analysis of a number of lexicographical works in which the lexical richness of the South-Western ethnolinguistic continuum is represented, gives grounds for asserting the presence of dialect lexemes used in the novel, and the frequent preservation of their semantics in the modern dialects of the specified area, which confirms the opinion that the writer possesses her mother tongue dialectal speech and skillfully weaves colloquial words into the linguistic fabric of the prose text
 At the same time, many other phonetic, accentuation, morphological, and phraseological dialectisms revealed in the novel under study can be used for further scientific studies of the dialect system presented in the drama in six acts. Comparative studies of other prose works by this writer are supposed to identify common and different tendencies in the use of dialect elements. The issue is topical, as this is a significant component of Maria Matios’ idiostyle which makes her works recognizabl.

НАЗВИ ЧАСТИНИ ВІД ЦІЛОГО В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ

In the article the peculiarities of use and spatial distribution of lexemes denoting parts of a whole, their variants, as well as phraseological units with such components have been researched. The Ukrainian language dictionary, modern dictionaries of dialectal speech were used as a material; for the diachronic analysis, lexicographical works of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and an etymological dictionary were used. It has been noted that Ivan Ohiienko;s dictionaries have valuable informa-tion for diachronic studies of both literary and dialectal vocabulary and phraseology, their stability or temporality of use, and description of the ways of the Ukrainian language development at many levels.Phraseological units with dialectal components encode general ideas of a person, the ability to characterise or evaluate something. In certain territories, we identify the specifi cs of not only metaphorical transfers, but also diff erences in the use of lexeme variants in colloquial speech and as part of fi xed expressions, and accents on diff erent scales of feature manifestation.It should be noted that the analysed sources help to identify the phenomena of erasure or preservation of dialectal features, in particular, it is important to fi nd out their stability at the phraseological and lexical levels. The information on the territo-rial distribution of a particular phraseological unit and its dialectal component, on interlingual relations in general and interdialect relations in particular is incomplete.It has been defi ned that the names of the part from the whole are distinguished by their local use, have variants (phonetic, word-formation, lexical, morphological), testify to the cognitive processes that connect the meaning of a free phrase with the phraseological one, and serve as a source for determining associative, ethnolinguistic and cultural bases.The analysis of the use of the studied nominations in phraseological units is only preliminary, but it shows that the widest semantic possibilities of phraseological units in general and their components in particular are revealed in the live speech of native speakers of dialects, examples of both expressions of human states and feelings and realisers of communicative potential

Lexis of Latvian-speaking Communities at the Baltic Sea Coast in Latvia and Lithuania: Denominations of the Object kitchen

Until now, little attention has been paid to studies of Latvian language vocabulary on a thematic aspect related to the traditional homestead on the Baltic Sea coast once inhabited by the Curonians. This article presents names denominating the object of a kitchen in a traditionally built dwelling house, their diversity, origins, and prevalence in Latvian-speaking communities on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Latvia and Lithuania. The analysis is based on Latvian material from various written sources, using descriptive, partly historical and mapping methods. The vocabulary analysed in the sources of this article shows lexemes that denominate both the separate, enclosed room and the part of the room used for food preparation and cooking. The prevalence of analysed lexemes in the meaning of a ‘kitchen’ is not uniform. In the coastal areas of Kurzeme, the names ķēķis, kukņa, plītsistaba, virtuve and their variations were identified, but in the vocabulary of the Latvian dialect of Šventoji, the morphological variant ķēķe inherited from the dialectal vocabulary of Kurzeme has been recorded. In the vocabulary of Kurzeme, names denominating a kitchen are mainly of Germanic and Slavic origin. The emergence of Germanisms in the Latvian vocabulary related to the kitchen is directly related to the material cultural peculiarities, which were encouraged to Latvian peasants in Kurzeme by the German nobility, and to the Baltic German everyday speech. The impact of Lithuanian as an intermediary language has been recorded mainly in the Latvian dialect of the Curonian Spit. The borrowed names with the meaning of a ‘kitchen’, such as kukne || kukine, can be explained by the close contact of New Curonians with the Lithuanian-speaking community on the eastern coast of the Curonian Lagoon; New Curonians not only had economic ties with them, but also formed mixed families.

Lexical composition of Kadyrgali Bek’s dastans

.The article describes the vocabulary of the monument written in the Old Tatar literary language – the work of Kadyrgali Bek (Kadyr Ali-bek) conventionally called “Jami at-tawarikh” (“A Collection of Chronicles”). Kadyrgali Bek was the vizier of the Kasimov Khan. In honor of Uraz-Muhammad’s enthronement, he wrote “The Praise” dedicated to Tsar Boris Godunov. The work also includes Rashid ad-Din’s translation of the work of the same name and dastans about the Golden Horde khans, written by the author himself. All found copies of this work come from the Volga-Ural Region and are associated with Kazan and Kasimov. This written monument, created in 1602 in Kasimov, stands out among other monuments because it intertwines and mixes grammatical forms and vocabulary of various dialects of the Turkic-Tatar language. Kadyrgali Bek himself calls the language of his composition Turk. This language is of a mixed nature, it combines literary forms that go back to the Volga Turks (the 12th-15th centuries) and it was to a certain extent influenced by the Chagatai tradition with some elements of the Tatar colloquial language of the 16th-17th centuries.

A Study on the Lexical Evolution of Yuzhong Dialect Based on Cognitive Mapping and Its Pragmatic Mechanisms

Abstract Based on the method of cognitive mapping, this paper systematically organizes the evolution of Yuzhong dialect vocabulary in different historical stages, revealing its important role in the evolution of the Chinese language. The global statistical information of the corpus is utilized to train the word vectors, which are input into the recurrent neural network as feature vectors to enhance the model’s ability to learn long-distance information. Perplexity is defined as a metric for evaluating the performance of a language model, the inverse of the geometric mean probability assigned to each word by the model given a known sequence of words in the test set. Subsequently, based on this metric, a corresponding model was built to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the language model, which provides insights into the functions and expressions of Yuzhong dialect words in communication. Among them, the number of unsubstituted nouns, such as weather, is 41, and the color of the sky is 67, showing the rhyme and stability of Yuzhong dialect vocabulary in specific domains.

Study on dialect vocabulary and AI contents in Education

Study on dialect vocabulary and AI contents in Education

Rola słowników opracowanych przez autochtonów w dokumentacji leksyki gwarowej

THE ROLE OF DICTIONARIES DEVELOPED BY AUTOCHTHONOUS AUTHORS IN THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE DIALECTAL LEXIS The documentation of dialectal vocabulary is an urgent task in view of the rapid disappearance of dialects or their evolution. That is why it is so important to develop dictionaries of dialects that have not been described lexicographically so far. Regional and local dialectal dictionaries, apart from documentation and scientific purposes, also play an important role in the region, in cultural activities undertaken and in maintaining the awareness of regional distinctiveness. They are an important determinant of this regional and local awareness, a sign of emotional ties connecting the inhabitants of a region or one town.A special role in the Polish dialect lexicography is played by autochthonous authors, both linguists, dialectologists and amateurs. It is them, knowing the native dialect and its users well, who can obtain valuable and rare lexical material for scientific research. The article, based on selected examples, discusses the role of dictionaries developed by indigenous peoples, it also indicates the reasons why these dictionaries are so valuable for dialectology.

DIALECT SPECIFICITY OF GUSTATIVES

The article deals with gustatives for various dishes detected in the dialects of the two ettlements (Arbuzynka and Kostiantynivka) of Arbuzynka district, Mykolaiv region. They belong to the Western Steppe group (the steppe dialect) of the southeastern supradialect of the Ukrainian language. Glutonyms are an integral part of the Ukrainian dialectical worldview, they form a certain system on the basis of inherited and borrowed vocabulary. A semantic and etymological analysis of the specified fragment of this system is offered. The purpose of the research is to analyze the lexical-semantic peculiarities of gustatives for hot traditional dishes and dishes of vegetable and animal origin, which are common in the dialects of the settlements of Arbuzynka and Kostiantynivka, Arbuzynka district, Mykolaiv region. The source base of the research was field recordings of speech, collected in 2019 according to a specially compiled questionnaire. Twenty recipients took part in the survey. The lexical-semantic group “Hot traditional dishes” and lexical-semantic group “Dishes of animal and vegetable origin”, which are components of the lexical-semantic field “Names of food”, were studied. The dialect vocabulary for designation of first and second dishes, as well as dishes with meat and lard is considered. The lexical-semantic peculiarities of gustatives are studied and their etymology is highlighted. A comparative analysis of the dialect vocabulary of two settlements was carried out. The common and distinctive features of dialect vocabulary and literary norm are determined. Gustatives in the dialects of the studied settlements mostly coincide with the lexemes known to the Ukrainian literary language in terms of semantics, but differ phonetically. There are semantic differences and unequal areal behavior of dish names in dialects of the same district. The prospect of further research is in the expansion of the empirical base of Ukrainian dialectology and in the introduction into scientific circulation of new names of food and drinks common in Western Steppe dialects.

Russian borrowings in the Tatar dialects: function and adaptation features

The article examines the borrowed Russian-language words in the vocabulary of the Tatar dialects, identifies the function features of Russianisms in the local dialects and describes the mechanisms of the borrowed vocabulary adaptation at the phonetic level.The relevance of the work is the need to study Russian borrowings in the functional and semantic aspects. The purpose of the research is to study the functional features of Russian borrowings in the Tatar dialects. The scientific novelty is to disclose the functional potential of the Tatar dialectal vocabulary category under consideration.The study is based on the “Dialectological Dictionary of the Tatar Language” (1993, 2009). As a result of the study, the article argues that the presence of such a large number of lexemes indicates the important role of Russianisms in the worldview of the people and, consequently, in their lifestyle, culture and language.The article concludes that Arab-Persian borrowings prevail most in the accents of the middle dialect, and Russianisms are primarily recorded in the accents of the Western dialect and in the dialects of the Siberian Tatars. We have found that Russian borrowings in the process of phonetic development undergo a strong phonetic adaptation to the orthoepic norms of the Tatar language, which is due to the difference between the languages in contact at all levels of the language structure, including the system of vocalism and at the consonant level.