НАЗВИ ЧАСТИНИ ВІД ЦІЛОГО В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ

Abstract

In the article the peculiarities of use and spatial distribution of lexemes denoting parts of a whole, their variants, as well as phraseological units with such components have been researched. The Ukrainian language dictionary, modern dictionaries of dialectal speech were used as a material; for the diachronic analysis, lexicographical works of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and an etymological dictionary were used. It has been noted that Ivan Ohiienko;s dictionaries have valuable informa-tion for diachronic studies of both literary and dialectal vocabulary and phraseology, their stability or temporality of use, and description of the ways of the Ukrainian language development at many levels.Phraseological units with dialectal components encode general ideas of a person, the ability to characterise or evaluate something. In certain territories, we identify the specifi cs of not only metaphorical transfers, but also diff erences in the use of lexeme variants in colloquial speech and as part of fi xed expressions, and accents on diff erent scales of feature manifestation.It should be noted that the analysed sources help to identify the phenomena of erasure or preservation of dialectal features, in particular, it is important to fi nd out their stability at the phraseological and lexical levels. The information on the territo-rial distribution of a particular phraseological unit and its dialectal component, on interlingual relations in general and interdialect relations in particular is incomplete.It has been defi ned that the names of the part from the whole are distinguished by their local use, have variants (phonetic, word-formation, lexical, morphological), testify to the cognitive processes that connect the meaning of a free phrase with the phraseological one, and serve as a source for determining associative, ethnolinguistic and cultural bases.The analysis of the use of the studied nominations in phraseological units is only preliminary, but it shows that the widest semantic possibilities of phraseological units in general and their components in particular are revealed in the live speech of native speakers of dialects, examples of both expressions of human states and feelings and realisers of communicative potential