Dialect Vocabulary Research Articles

«ЛЕСНАЯ ПАША ПЕРЕДАЛА»: К ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ СЕВЕРНОРУССКИХ НАЗВАНИЙ БЛЮД ИЗ ГРИБОВ И ЯГОД

The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.

Институт материнства в карельской деревне: традиционные практики в контексте общероссийских перемен (конец XIX — начало XX в.)

Traditions of Karelian maternity rituals are widely represented in the ethnographic historical science literature. At the same time motherhood as an institution and as a social and cultural status deserves special consideration. The paper is aimed at describing the development of the motherhood within Karelia in historical dynamics, as well representing the social and cultural status of the mother and the changes in the strategy of reproductive behavior in the Karelian village. The events presented in the paper refer to the period of the late XIX — early XX c. It was a time of economic, social and cultural reforms in Russian society, which had some specific repercussions on the empire borderlands. The paper uses a large number of recently published and unpublished ethnographic and historical sources, dialect vocabulary data, some of the author’s field materials and scientific works on the topic. The author adheres to the principles of gender history proposed by J. Scott, which involves the analysis of cultural symbols, normative prescriptions and social institutions and life stories of individual women. The author comes to the following conclusions. 1. Marriage and the maternity increased the social prestige of the peasant women, because they realized her main purpose. 2. The gender of the child had a different meaning for the male and female part of the peasant family collectives. If considering the patrilocal line of inheritance, preference was given to the birth of a boy. At the same time, the Karelian language data indicate a higher status of the mother after the birth of the girl. 3. There was a change in reproductive behavior in the North Karelian families in the second half of the XIX c. towards to reducing the number of children in the family to two or five. The reasons for such transformation were the growth in the importance of non-agricultural earnings, and the border position of the region (the cross-border marriages), which changed the customary cultural norms. 4. Some elements of modernization were not perceived by Karelian women. They continued to apply to rural midwives despite the growth of the network of obstetric care, and they also preferred the bathhouse or barn as a place for childbirth instead of medical institutions.

Ոչ գրական (բարբառային և խոսակցական) լեզվաշերտը Հրանտ Մաթևոսյանի «Աշնան արև» ստեղծագործության մեջ

The article examines the non-literary (dialectal and colloquial) language layer of «Autumn Sun». The purpose of the staudy is to present the linguistic-stylistic expression of the elements that include that language layer. In order to achieve the goal, the objective of investigating the peculiarities of textual reality has been set forth. The colloquial and dialectal realities that deviate from the existing literary norms in the field of research are mainly general of the Araratian and Karabakh dialects and typical, the Lori dialect in particular. They are verbal and grammatical phenomena formed as a result of different types of an alternation. In this work, the words and phrases of a non-literary language layer have been used mainly to create an artistic environment and characters. Especially the speech of heroes is rich in such examples. Folk-colloquial and dialectal language layers differ from literary ones in nominal and verbal forms, which are also common in the examined work. The word forms and grammatical realities that are included in the dialect vocabulary have a localized nature, the proper use of which gives an emotional expression to the artistic speech. Methods of synthesis and comparison have been used during the research. In the studied language material, currently after the literary forms, the folk-colloquial and then dialectal versions have a significant weight, and only the words and phrases specific to the Lori dialect are few.

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ РЕМЕСЛЕННОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ ПРИСУРСКОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ В ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОМ СЛОВАРЕ: ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ СОЗДАНИЯ, СОСТАВ И СТРУКТУРА

In the article, the author discusses the ways of grouping and representing the handi-craft vocabulary items of the Sura Volga region dialects in a thematic dictionary orga-nized by the onomasiological principle. First of all, the author localizes the dialects in question and gives a brief description of their emergence paralleled with the history of the territory where they are present nowadays, that is of modern Penza and Ulya-novsk Oblasts, which were colonized by Russian-speaking settlers only a couple of centuries ago. The author concludes that these secondary idioms belong mostly to the Middle Russian group of dialects and share a lot of common features, which allows regarding them as a certain continuum liable to description as a whole. The author justi-fies the necessity of a dictionary containing the dialectal handicraft vocabulary of the Sura Volga region and claims that an accurate depiction of a certain thematic group of dialectal lexical items, such as handicraft terms, demands specific principles of organi-sation. These principles widely contradict the traditional alphabetic arrangement: for example, a coherent description of a bunch of words denoting related items (e.g. craftsman, his working place and result of work), or drawing of areal maps typically used in linguistic geography. Having analyzed the terms related to felting, carpentry and weaving, the author develops a special method of representing the relevant material both via lin-guistic data, such as phonetic variants, syntactic distribution and morphological peculiari-ties of each item, and encyclopaedic information on how each handicraft action or instru-ment contributes to the result and what this final result is for each type of the handicrafts under consideration. Thus, the author has chosen to divide the words related to each handicraft into seven subgroups such as ‘actor’, ‘instrument’, ‘result’, and so on, which shows the whole picture of what handicraft activities are like and why they need the terms they actually have. If one wants to look for a certain word, not a notion, an alphabetic index at the end of the book can be addressed, where each word is provided with the information on how it can be found in the main text of the dictionary. Finally, the author describes the principles of illustrative material selection. In general, the author hopes her project can prove useful for the description of Russian dialectal handicraft vocabulary

Человек, мир, слово в книге Т. И. Вендиной «Антропология диалектного слова»

The remarkable monograph by T. I. Vendina Anthropology of the Dialect Word is a new one to join the ranks of numerous well-known works in linguistics that deal with the issues of anthropology and cultural linguistics. This publication is a comprehensive study that can determine the development of Russian and foreign linguistics in the field of reflection of a person, his worldview through a word for the next several decades. The essence of the book is the search for answers to the question of how a folk word, a dialect word represents a person, his system of values, reflects the main philosophical categories, the world around him. The monograph consists of chapters each of which covers a particular problem selected by the author. Each chapter is an independent and complete study, both in terms of goals and objectives defined and in terms of the selection of material and its analysis. Among the undoubted advantages of the monograph is the development of special research methods, including a ‘substrate approach’ to the analysis of a dialect word, which makes it possible to refer to the internal form and meaning of the word, as well as to reveal the spiritual principle, ethnocultural imperatives that made this internal form relevant. The monograph is distinguished by a huge amount of factual material, a large number of illustrations and examples of dialect speech, numerous classifications and internal gradations that seem valuable in themselves. Finally, the reviewed study offers a number of theoretical propositions, formulates a large number of theses that constitute its theoretical novelty and significance. It is impossible not to agree with T. I. Vendina in that dialectal vocabulary is associated with the history and culture of the people, special ways of ethical rationalization of the world are manifested in this vocabulary, it illustrates the principle of sociocentrism of language, preserves the unique philosophical worldview.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДИАЛЕКТНОГО СЕГМЕНТА СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИ МАРКИРОВАННОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ МИХАИЛА МАТУСОВСКОГО

The article deals with the dialectal segment of the lexical fund of the writer M. Matusovsky. The author analysed the works devoted to the study of the functioning of dialectisms in literary texts; dictionaries of the language of writers published in the last decade, which include colloquial, vernacular, and dialect vocabulary in their register. To study the features of the dialect words used by M. Matusovsky, various lexicographic works are involved. In addition to the dictionaries of the literary language, historical sources and a dictionary of Russian folk dialects are used. The semantics of dialect lexemes is clarified, the geography of their distribution and stylistic markedness are determined. The purpose of using dialectisms, the relevance of their use, and the artistic value of their inclusion in the text are determined. The contextual analysis of the use of dialect vocabulary is based on the poetic works of M. Matusovsky of different years and the prosaic “Family Album”.

ОПЫТ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ФИКСАЦИИ УКРАИНСКИХ ВОСТОЧНОСТЕПНЫХ ГОВОРОВ

The aim of the article is to highlight the concept and basic principles of compiling a dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects. The aim implies reaching the following objectives: substantiating the criteria for selecting the empirical material; developing the dictionary compilation principles; defining the structure of the dictionary and the dictionary entry; describing the specific designation of variants of the dialect names of clothing; covering the semantic structure of the analysed dialect words; representing synonymy, polysemy and homonymy of the studied lexical units; recording expressive shades of the analysed dialect vocabulary; writing trial dictionary entries. The material for the article includes dialect recordings made by the author, mainly by the expeditionary method, in Donetsk Oblast settlements during 1997–2013. To track the degree of word spread in the studied dialects, the materials collected by students of the Philological Faculty of Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University have been used. The research metho-dology is based on the theoretical foundations of dialectology, lexicology and lexico-graphy. To achieve the aim, general and specific scientific methods have been used: analysis and synthesis; descriptive and analytical method for collecting, inventorying, systematising dialectal lexical units, as well as for interpreting linguistic facts; the com-parative method has been used to determine the peculiarities of the analysed dialectal vocabulary; the technique of modelling dialect vocabulary has been applied to construct dictionary entries. The article presents the concept and principles of compiling the re-gional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects, taking into account the existing developments in Slavic dialectology, describes the criteria for selecting the empirical material, characterises the dictionary type and its general structure, as well as features of dictionary entries (interpretation of meanings, grammatical characteristics, labels reflecting the peculiarities of the word functioning in the dialect, the originality of the illustrative material). The study contains trial dictionary entries which demonstrate the specifics of the vocabulary of the new-settlement Ukrainian dialects of Donetsk Oblast. Further research and thorough presentation of the principles of compiling the regional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects will be possible after extracting, selecting and analysing more lexical material. In this regard, the proposed principles of lexico-graphic recording of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects can be expanded and refined.

Tea in the Cultural and Linguistic Tradition of the Russian North

The article deals with dialectal vocabulary, ethnographic information, folklore, and ritual practices associated with tea and tea drinking. The studied area covers the territory of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions and the north-east of the Kostroma region. The main source of material was the lexicological card-index of the Ural Federal University Toponymic Expedition, as well as dialect dictionaries and works of ethnographers from the 19th century. The ethnolinguistic analysis includes the semantic and motivational characteristics of the vocabulary, as well as the identification of the symbolic functions of tea in traditional culture. Using the lexicon of tea drinking as an example, one can trace how a foreign product and the tradition of its use is mastered by folk culture and takes on symbolic functions that were previously characteristic of other products and drinks. The article determines the place of tea in the diet of peasants, the specifics of organizing tea drinking, and identifies the main ideograms that assess the quality of tea (weakly brewed, strong, cooled, without sugar or sweetener, etc.). It is established that in the nineteenth century, in most of the Russian North, tea was not an everyday drink, but a festive one. Expensive and non-nutritious tea was contrasted with simple and hearty dishes: being a sign of luxury, tea at the same time began to be associated with excess and waste, and perceived as an addiction; an empty pleasure. Nevertheless, tea drinking in the Russian North became an obligatory element of receiving guests and an important link in the organization of social relations, and the rituals of communication over tea fit into the traditional ethical system. Tea shares some of the ritual functions inherent with wine and beer (meet with tea, honor guests, seal agreements), and it also forms the pair “tea-sugar”, which is functionally close to “bread-salt”.

Russian Dialects as a Resource for Finniс Historical Lexicology

This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek ‘thin ice’, *torek ‘noise, crackling, rumbling’, *čapek ‘overgrown undercut’, räbeh ‘damp low place in the forest’), Vepsian verbal name *kütm <* kütkim ‘leash for cattle’ with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hörpäk ‘stake with branches for drying hay’ with the suffix -äk and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond ‘swift with a narrow bed on the river’, in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. А. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.

Tickling in the Light of Slavic Vocabulary and Mythology (Polesian Data on a Common Slavic Background)

The authors of this article attempt to reveal the symbolism of tickling as an aggressive behaviour of mythological characters using ethnolinguistic methods. This analysis is carried out on the basis of the study of Polesie dialectal vocabulary and phraseology related to this demonological function, with the involvement of a wide range of common Slavic linguistic data, and a significant body of folk mythological beliefs. The work includes three thematic sections: terminology and ways of nominating tickling in Slavic languages and dialects; tickling as a harmful function of evil spirits directed at a person; and tickling as an action of mythologized animals aimed at livestock. Geographically, the combination of the functions of tickling in a mermaid (rusalki) and a weasel can be observed in at least two regions – in Polesie and the Upper Volga. In the language and in traditional culture, there is a similarity in the ratio and interaction of tickling as a tactile action and acoustic “tickling” associated with various types of sounds emanating from living beings (people, animals, birds, and insects). In the language, a portion of onomatopoeic verb vocabulary is built in parallel to the words for tickling, which serve to convey the sounds of human speech, animal cries, sharp noises made by people, etc., which indicates a kind of mutual attraction between intense verb iterations related, on the one hand, to the tactile, and on the other, to the audible. In the folk tradition, the tickle motif creates a correlation between the strong physical irritation that mythological characters (demons and animals) inflict on people and livestock with their annoyingly repetitive actions, and the auditory perception of restless, often annoying, cries and sounds of animal origin,which are endowed with folklore and some demonological characteristics.

Ономатопи як мотиватори прамовних ексклюзивів

Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and word-formation evolution of Proto-Slavic dialectal verbal onomatopes. Being a linguistic universal, onomatopoeia are realized in words that have a national specifics due to idioethnic characteristics, cul-ture and traditions of the speakers of Slavic languages and dialects. The analysis of on-omatopes was carried out taking into account the attention paid of modern Slavic studies to changes in the semantic structure of the word, their causes and local characteristics. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the vocabulary of the Proto-Slavic age, to classify its semantic transformations in synchronic and diachronic aspects. Purpose. To establish regularities of semantic and derivational evolution of Proto-Slavic dialectisms on the material of onomatopoeic fragment of vocabulary; analyze se-mantic history of Proto-Slavic onomatopoeic word stems and specifics of acoustic sig-nals reflection in proto-lingual dialects. The object of research is Proto-Slavic local-isms, motivated by verbs of onomatopoeic origin with proto-stems *l’uх- / *l’uš-, *gъd-, *loр- / *lар-, *lob- / *lаb-, *lup-, *ba-, *kle(p)-, *tor-, *cvik-, *bux-, *rju- / *re-. The paper mainly focuses on the linguistic zones of Slavia, which have retained the lexemes unchanged from the common proto-language to the present day. One of the ways to reconstruct the dialectal structure of the Proto-Slavic language is to recreate the Proto-Slavic dialectisms – reflexes of proto-language concentrated in the peripheral zones of Slavia, which have retained their phonetic, morphological and semantic fea-tures unchanged. Results. The regularities of formation of Proto-Slavic dialectal ono-matopoeic vocabulary in semantic, derivational and linguo-geographical aspects are re-vealed in the work; systematization and comparison of Proto-Slavic deverbatives are improved; the semantic, derivational and localization approaches to modeling of ono-matopes are combined in a fundamentally new way; new information on the participa-tion of dialect vocabulary in the conceptualization of the sound reality is obtained. Most of the proto-lingual onomatopes have gone through the deriva-tional path from the onomatopoeic elements of the proto-language to the verb stages and, with the help of suffixes, to the names of subjects, objects, definitions and pro-cesses. Bulgarian onomatopoeic reflections of the Proto-Slavic language are concentrated mainly in the western region, Croatian – in the southern, Macedonian – in the peripheral areas of the northern and eastern regions of the country. The zones of dis-tribution of local onomatopes of the eastern Slavia are most often recorded in the north-ern east of european part of Russia and the north of Belarus. Separate semantic components of the South Slavic dialectal derivation show a specific relationship with the dialects of other Slavic areas. Outside of their area, the Proto-Slavic reflexes correlate with the Lithuanian, Latvian and Germanic equiva-lents. The obtained data can form a basis for the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic lan-guage. Key-words: Proto-Slavic dialectism, deverbative vocabulary, semantic transformations, models of semantic derivation, isoglosses, onomatope. Dal', V. I., 1981. An explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language, 1–4. 8-e izd. Moskva: Russkij yazyk. (In Russian) Zhelehovskij, Ye. ta Nedyilskij, S, 1886. Malorusko-nyimeckij slovar, 1–2. Lviv. (In Ukrainian) Melnychuk, O. S., Kolomiiets, V. T., Lukinova, T. B., Pivtorak, H. P. ta in., 1982–2012. Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language, 1–5. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Fasmer, M., 1987. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language, 3. Moskva: Progress. (In Russian) Trubachev, O. N., Varbot, Zh. Zh., Zhuravlev, A. F., Kurkina, L. V. ta іn., 1974–2014. Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages: Pre-Slavic lexical fund, 1–39. Moskva: Nauka, IRYA RAN. (In Russian) Erhart, А. and Havlová, Е., eds., 2006. Etymological dictionary of the Old Slavic lan-guage, 13. Praha: nakl. Československé akad. vĕd. (In Slovak) Skok, P., 1973. Etymological dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian language, 3. Za-greb: JAZU. (In Croatian)

From the History of Russian Dialect Words I (говéд(т)ник, дохóрь, есáк, жёл, жерсть, жим, дýнда, дóхта, сбрéндить)

The study of Russian dialectal vocabulary remains one of the most pressing problems of etymology. This article is devoted to the origin and history of a number of Russian dialect words. Namely, the author provides revised explanations for some dialecticisms from the already published issues of the Russian Etymological Dictionary (говéд(т)ник, дохóрь, дóхта, сбрéндить), as well as from its unpublished issues (есáк, жёл, жерсть, жúмы). Most of this material is missing from the Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by M. Vasmer.The essence of the explanations proposed is as follows:говéд(т)ник, говéдник, говéнник ‘fastening (in front of a sleigh)’ originates from головéнник ‘head, front part of the sleigh’ from голова ‘head’, головной; дохóрь ‘marten’ supplements the lexical data on Proto-Slavic *dъchor’ь ‘ferret’; есáк ‘motif, melody’, есáчить ‘explain with signs’ should be linked with Old Russian ясáк ‘sign, password’ = ясáк ‘tribute’ < Turkic jasaq ‘tribute’, ‘code, law’;жел (жол) ‘acorn’ is identified with Belorussian dial. жэл and Bulgarian dial. жел ‘acorn’ < Proto-Slavic *žьlъ ‘acorn’, cf. Lithuanian gìlė ‘acorn’;жерсть, etc. ‘pole’ can be related to *žьrdь > Russian жердь with the suffix -tь, as in Russian ýжасть vs. ýжас ‘horror’; жúмы ‘pleated boxcalf boots’ is correlated with жúмы ‘folds, gathers’ from жимáть, iterative to *žęti, *žьmǫ ‘press’ > Rus. жать, жму ‘press’. The initial d- in the variant джúмы could appear as a result of rebracketing in combinations вот жимы, под жимы, etc. (of boots); дýнда ‘fat man’ is explained as a reflex of Proto-Slavic *dunda ‘fat woman’, an onomatopoetic or descriptive word that cannot be separated from Lithuanian dundà ‘rake’;дóхта ‘peat’ may be a relic of the Proto-Slavic *deg- ‘burn’ (> *žeg-) with preserved d-, cf. Russian дёготь ‘tar’, etc.; сбрéндить ‘go crazy’ perhaps comes from *сбрéндить ‘break off, about the string of a wool beater’ and *брéндить ‘beat wool with a wool bow’ of onomatopoeic origin, cf. бры́ндить ‛to beat the wool’ — бры́ндить ‛play the balalaika’ and so on.

Dialectal vocabulary of the newspaper corpus of the Yakut language (based on the material of the ulus newspaper “Tompo ildyite” - “Tomponsky Bulletin”)

Dialectal vocabulary of the newspaper corpus of the Yakut language (based on the material of the ulus newspaper “Tompo ildyite” - “Tomponsky Bulletin”)

The study in modern conditions of dialect vocabulary, which names the qualities of a person

The study in modern conditions of dialect vocabulary, which names the qualities of a person

Лексика с севернорусской диалектной базой в русском литературном языке

We analyze a number of significant issues of historical lexicology and dialectology related to the development of the Russian literary language, as well as to the study of the nature of its inclusion in the national language. We trace the connection of the codified language with such extra-literary elements as folk patois, vernacular, jargons, we determine their historical significance for the creation in the 18th–19th centuries of a new formation language, built on a democratic basis. Northern Russian patois, including Kostroma, are regarded as the most archaic layer of linguistic phenomena that influenced the Moscow Koine, on the basis of which the literary language was later formed. In this study, the North Russian dialect vocabulary and narrower, Kostroma, is considered as a source of the formation of the vocabulary fund of the literary language, and the artistic, journalistic and scientific works of Kostroma writers and local historians of the late 19th – 20th centuries (A.O. Ablesimov, N.A. Nekrasov, А.N. Ostrovsky, S.V. Maksimov, I.M. Kasatkin, E.V. Chestnyakov, N.N. Vinogradov, V.I. Smirnov, A.V. Gromov, etc.), related to the Kostroma region, as one of the channels of the “migration” of a regional word into the literary language, which largely contributed to its adaptation and consolidation in a standardized language, the de-velopment of extensive lexical and semantic connections and relationships.

On the semantic and motivational interpretation of Russian dialectal vocabulary with “dislike, enmity” meaning (ozorochie, podsevukha, zub gryzt)

On the semantic and motivational interpretation of Russian dialectal vocabulary with “dislike, enmity” meaning (ozorochie, podsevukha, zub gryzt)

Dialect vocabulary that has enriched bilingual dictionaries

In the 19th century, broad functional development begins in the field of styles, where there is an even greater stability of linguistic norms, the increase in national characteristics and internal capabilities of the language, as well as the widespread use of various stylistic methods in speech, which they begin to record in dictionaries. The relevance of the study is explained by the interest in the dialectal vocabulary of the Tatar language, as one of the components of the lexical fund of bilingual dictionaries of the 19th century. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of dialect words in the system of Tatar speech of the 19th century, as one of the Turkic languages. In the course of the study, the authors studied the modern works of Russian and foreign authors on linguistics, lexicography; the dialectal material recorded in the Russian-Tatar dictionaries of the 19th century is analyzed; comparisons are made between the dictionary by M. Kashgari and the modern Tatar language.

Dialect vocabulary that has enriched bilingual dictionaries

In the 19th century, broad functional development begins in the field of styles, where there is an even greater stability of linguistic norms, the increase in national characteristics and internal capabilities of the language, as well as the widespread use of various stylistic methods in speech, which they begin to record in dictionaries. The relevance of the study is explained by the interest in the dialectal vocabulary of the Tatar language, as one of the components of the lexical fund of bilingual dictionaries of the 19th century. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of dialect words in the system of Tatar speech of the 19th century, as one of the Turkic languages. In the course of the study, the authors studied the modern works of Russian and foreign authors on linguistics, lexicography; the dialectal material recorded in the Russian-Tatar dictionaries of the 19th century is analyzed; comparisons are made between the dictionary by M. Kashgari and the modern Tatar language.

ЛІНГВОГЕОГРАФІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДІЄСЛІВНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ Й СЕМАНТИКИ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГОВОРАХ

Ukrainian dialectal verb lexicon and semantics are mapped near other dialectal vocabulary at phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic levels in a number of linguogeographical sources. The problem of presentation of verb lexicon and semantics is demonstrated on the example of several linguogeographical works that can be divided into two groups. Works of the first group provide information about lexical verb variation. In these works the verb semes are mapped, e.g. Ukrainian dial. ʽhowl (about wolves)ʼ, ʽmeow (about cats)ʼ, ʽto meetʼ, Ukrainian-Slovakian ʽverbs that indicate cooking of leaven (for bread, etc.)ʼ, ʽto sow (hemp, flax)ʼ, ʽto comb the fiber on the brushʼ and Transcarpathian verb phraseology — the seme ʽa person (sick, drunk or in a normal state) sleeps so hard that nobody can wake him (e.g. спит, йак на глуха́н’у; спит, йак на глу́шу; спит’ глу́пно). The second group consists of works that provide information about lexical and different types realizations of verbs. Near other maps about lexical implementation of verb semes the authors give semantic maps, e.g., maps Middle Dnieper and Steppe лаˈтати [тʼ], Eastern Polissian кресати (that has meanings ʽto make fire with a flintʼ, ʽto make fire with a silicon lighterʼ, ʽto beat stone against stoneʼ, ʽto cut down a branchʼ, ʽto fell the woodʼ, ʽto hewʼ, ʽto cutʼ, ʽto go quicklyʼ, ʽto dance intensivelyʼ, ʽto sap with passionʼ, ʽto forge a sapʼ, ʽto swearʼ). It is established that in the atlas, dedicated to the special study of links between Carpatho-Ukrainian and Southern Slavic languages, verb lexicon is presented on lexical, semantic maps and verb spreading maps that contain the information about verb presence in the settlement. A linguogeographical source that represents Slavs’ traditional spiritual culture and presents names of actions related to interpersonal contacts, different feelings and emotions, marital relations, etc. is revealed. These names are presented on lexical, semantic, motivational and nominative verb maps. Analyzing the phenomenon of verb semantic variation, P.Yu. Gritsenko mapped the semantic structure of the dialectal verb at the supra-dialectal level and on the basis of distinguishing separate semes from the integral meaning of syntagma тереˈбити + Object he identified semantic subcomplexes. The study outlines vistas of further research into Ukrainian dialectal verbs and their semantics.

More than just accent? The role of dialect words in children’s language-based social judgments

Recent research suggests that young children are capable of distinguishing between phonetically dissimilar spoken accents yet have difficulty in distinguishing between phonetically similar accents. The current studies aimed to determine whether the presence of dialect-specific vocabulary enhances young children’s ability to categorize speakers. In Study 1, 4- to 7-year-old children performed tasks in which they matched speakers based on the dialect-specific vocabulary the speakers used. Participants were successful in matching speakers based on vocabulary at a rate significantly greater than chance. In Study 2, participants performed a task in which they inferred a speaker’s future dialect-specific vocabulary use based on the speaker’s previous vocabulary use. Participants were able to infer a speaker’s vocabulary use at a rate significantly greater than chance, and participants also showed social preference for and selective trust of speakers who used the participants’ native dialect vocabulary over those who used a non-native dialect vocabulary. These interesting results suggest that when accent differences are too subtle for children to categorize speakers, dialect-specific vocabulary may enhance young children’s ability to categorize a speaker. The results of preference and selective trust questions also suggest that children as young as 4 years use their knowledge of a speaker’s vocabulary to guide their preferred social interactions, choosing to interact with others who speak similarly to them.