Diachronic Approach Research Articles

On the synchronic and diachronic approaches to the codification of chronologically correlated pronunciation variants

On the synchronic and diachronic approaches to the codification of chronologically correlated pronunciation variants

Morphology of Kisaran City: The Circulation System in Urban Transformation 1929-2022

The rapid economic growth and significant urbanization in Kisaran City have posed several challenges in urban planning, including adequate housing, health facilities, education, and transportation. The city's development was also influenced by its colonial history, with the dominance of colonial power regulating the production and trade of plantation products as well as the lives of local people. The morphological transformation of the city from 1929 to 2022 reflects the challenges related to infrastructure, visual appearance, and the growth of the commercial sector, which have affected the lives of citizens and demanded the city's adaptation to the development of the times. Historical events, such as colonization by foreign powers and Chinese immigration, have affected the population growth of Kisaran and caused pressure on infrastructure and socio-economic inequality. This study aims to understand the morphology of Kisaran City and the factors that influence its transformation by using the methods of literature study, synchronic approach, and diachronic approach. The results of the study concluded that the morphological transformation of Kisaran City was influenced by the circulation system, which adapted to the needs and trends of society, and interacted with each other in forming the morphology of Kisaran City that continues to develop over time.

Grebeg Suro di Bumi Reog Sebagai Destinasi Wisata yang Berkemajuan

Ponorogo, which is known as Bumi Reog, have a tradition of Grebeg Suro to commemorate the night of 1 Suro or 1 Muharram in Islamic lunar year. The event holds for a full month and filled with various cultural arts performances and National Reog Festivals. It was a local wisdom turned into a progressive national and even international tourism destination. The purpose of the research is to inspire other regions to develop their own local wisdom into tourism object for economic and socio-cultural prospects. The research used anthropology tourism method with diachronic approach. The data gathered was analyzed using data triangulation technique to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a situation. The research result showed that a creative commodification on local wisdom could improve the local economy. It could be concluded that Grebeg Suro of Ponorogo, which has its roots in local wisdom, has a significant impact on the community and local economy. Among the key factor behind the successful event is its distinctive fashion. It is recommended that the event should also promote Panaragan signature batik with reog and peacock motifs and to promote culinary places that serve Ponorogo specialty foods such as sate, gule, pecel and dawet jabung.

Multi-word Expressions in German Annual Reports: A Diachronic Approach

Corporations and stock exchanges are considered the "heart of capitalism" because they are responsible for the creation of inventions, new technologies, and entire industries in the past two centuries, and thus, through their actions, have significantly supported technological and social progress. Since the second half of the 19th century, German corporations have played the role of a pillar of the German economy and Germany has become one of the most economically developed European countries. Despite its economic importance, the German corporate language, as a segment of Business German (German: Wirtschaftsdeutsch), has not been significantly researched. This corpus linguistics paper presents the results of diachronic research of multi-word expressions in the annual reports of corporations from the three most important DAX Prime Standard indices, created by the German Stock Exchange (German: Deutsche Börse) from Frankfurt am Main – DAX, MDAX, and S-DAX. The subject of the linguistic analysis is the annual reports of 11 German corporations for the fiscal years 1997 and 2022. The results of the analysis show changes in the lexicon in the German corporate language over the past 25 years and can be a stimulus for further corpus research in that area. The results of the research can also have pedagogical implications because they can be used to create various types of lexical exercises in Business German classes, which contain the latest vocabulary from that field.

Isotopic Evidence for Mobility in the Copper and Bronze Age Cemetery of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid): a Diachronic Approach Using Biological and Archaeological Variables

Over the last several decades, the application of aDNA and strontium isotope analyses on archaeologically recovered human remains has provided new avenues for the investigation of mobility in past societies. Data on human mobility can be valuable in the reconstruction of prehistoric residential patterns and kinship systems, which are at the center of human social organization and vary across time and space. In this paper, we aim to contribute to our understanding of mobility, residence, and kinship patterns in late Prehistoric Iberia (c. 3300–1400BC) by providing new strontium data on 44 individuals from the site of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid). The study presented here is multi-proxy and looks at these new data by interweaving biological, chronological, and archaeological information. This analysis found that 7/44 individuals buried at Humanejos could be identified as non-local to the necropolis. Although more men (n = 5) than women (n = 2) were found in the non-local category, and more non-local individuals were identified in the pre-Bell Beaker (n = 5) than in Bell Beaker (n = 1) or Bronze Age (n = 1), we find no statistically significant differences concerning sex or time period. This contrasts with other archaeological datasets for late prehistoric Europe which suggest higher female mobility, female exogamy, and male-centered residential patterns were common. At Humanejos, we have also identified one non-local female whose exceptional Beaker grave goods suggest she was an individual of special status, leading to additional questions about the relationships between gender, mobility, and social position in this region and time period.

Colonial statues in post-colonial Africa: a multidimensional heritage

ABSTRACT This paper employs the concept of multidimensional heritage to examine colonial statues in Africa since the era of independences through transnational, diachronic, and multi-thematical perspectives. Colonial statues are viewed as transnational phenomena, with a focus on the African continent, emphasising the complex and evolving connections to former colonial powers in Europe. To capture the complexity of heritage uses, which is often best comprehended over an extended period, a diachronic approach is employed, and three periods are considered: colonial statues at independence (1950s to 1980); revival of (neo)colonial statues (1990s-2000s) and renewed contestations (since the 2010s). The paper also delves into various ways in which the past is used and interpreted through colonial statues, discussing aspects such as public memory, identities, diplomacy, aid, and justice.

Shared Coordinates: Writing Herstory in Ibero American Comics

This study focuses on the emergence of a transnational sisterhood under three projects originating from the cooperation between groups of female comic book writers in Spain and Latin America. After the 2016 exhibition “Presentes: Autoras de Tebeo de Ayer y de Hoy” and the publication of its catalogue by Autoras de Cómic, there was a shared need to claim back the role of female or non-male authorship, and its involvement in comic book production and business. The Argentinian group Feminismo Gráfico tapped into such endeavors, and in 2019 produced “Nosotras Contamos”, a travelling exhibition and a catalogue, with a thematic and a diachronic approach. When COVID-19 broke out, Spanish and Argentinian cooperation and development institutions (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo and Centro Cultural España Córdoba) engaged in a discussion on the previous experiences. The project resulted in a publication and an online exhibition Coordenadas Gráficas (Graphic Coordinates), highlighting the work of non-male authors from Spain, Argentina, Chile, and Costa Rica. The transnational perspective of this last project extends beyond the previous national experiences and includes a meaningful selection of comic stories that, regardless of the nationality of the author, can be defined as feminist. Sexism, gender discrimination, gender violence, and sexual and reproductive rights are the shared coordinates discussed by this long list of authors, who question gender normativity from its very composition. By introducing the associative experiences that gave life to the projects and analyzing them in the international context, the study will focus on the appropriate practice of sharing knowledge to pursue a similar recognition. Moreover, based on the words of the curators and the creators, the study ultimately seeks to shed light on the production and circulation of works of collective interest, meant to recover the role of women in the history of comics.

L’approche diachronique en analyse du discours contrastive

Starting from the observation that diachronic approaches are rare in discourse analysis and that synchronicity poses the problem of neglecting both the historicity of discourse production and inter-discourse, the author presents a methodological reflection on what distinguishes “geographical” and diachronic approaches in Contrastive Discourse Analysis. This reflection is illustrated by some of the results of a contrastive analysis of the treatment of National Socialism and the World War II in German history textbooks between 1955 and 2016.

From Inclusion-Radicalization to Moderation Under Institutional Constraints: A Synchronic and Diachronic Approach of Algerian Islamist Parties (1989–2019)

Abstract This article focuses on the transformations of Algerian Islamist parties, placing them in a dynamic context. Having undergone both phases since the fall of the ruling party in 1989, Algeria furnishes a case study for analyzing the conditions and challenges of the inclusion and exclusion of Islamist parties. The synchronic and diachronic construction of the Algerian case, combined with a comprehensive and inductive approach, thus allows us to contribute to the inclusion-moderation debate on multiple empirical, methodological, and conceptual levels. Only this dual approach makes it possible to grasp the changes and continuities in the ideology and modes of action of the Islamist parties as well as the evolution of how the regime integrated or excluded them from the political arena. On the level of defining moderation and radicalization, it allows us to differentiate between, on the one hand, political labelling by the various Islamist or non-Islamist actors and institutionally defined legal criteria and, on the other hand, academic concepts. This calls for adopting a dual analysis: what we term a radicalization within the institutional arena (by subverting the foundations of the state, i.e., the Islamic state project) and a radicalization from outside it (by armed violence). In this framework, the political exclusion of an Islamist party correlates closely not with its intrinsic radicality but with the crossing of an electoral threshold, which sets the stage for implementing its radical program. Knowing how the civilian and military authorities assess this threat is thus essential for understanding the exclusionary and inclusionary processes. Next, we must differentiate between inclusion in the electoral game, which is accepted, and inclusion in the executive branch, on which the Islamist parties are internally conflicted. Finally, it behooves us to show that the moderation of programs and modes of action does not stem from (prior) inclusion in the political game, but instead results from a new institutional constraint. It produces specific effects, namely partisan fragmentation, and ambivalence about the identity of Islamist parties.

THE GEDHOK FABRIC PRESERVATION THROUGH CULTURE AND ECONOMY

Culture is a manifestation of real behaviour created by humans as cultured social beings. Culture is a form of actualization of art that exists in a collection of people. There are seven elements of universal cultures, one of them is art. Traditional art is a means that is used to create a sense of beauty from within the human soul, one of which is to be expressed on a beauty of cloth. Gedhok cloth is a traditional textile which uses two production techniques, namely weaving to produce the textured motif on cloth, then coloring the cloth with batiktechnique to produce another set of motifs. The purpose of this research is to document the history of gedhog cloth which is part of a culture in society that is starting to recede so that it can be one way to preserve the culture of gedhog cloth throughscientific writing. The research uses descriptive analysis using historical diachronic approach. The existence of gedhok weaving is sustain due to continuous support from its community which still adheres to the teachings of their ancestors.

건강장수도시 제주와 오키나와에 대한 탐색적 비교 연구

Jeju and Okinawa are being studied in various academic fields, but studies on the two islands are rare as healthy longevity cities. At this point in Korea, where the super-aged society is in front of us, the two cities were compared and analyzed to build a city that enjoys a healthier and more vibrant old age. The purpose of this study is to derive the common factors and their implications of the two cities and provide us with basic information to prepare for a super-aged society that is perceived as vague anxiety. To achieve this, basic research and exploratory research methods were adopted, and the two cities were compared and analyzed using a synchronic approach and diachronic approach to identify the factors of health longevity. Due to the synchronic approach, the natural environment (island, climate, landscape, and regimen) was significantly different from the mainland, and the climate warm enough to develop the tourism industry by utilizing it produced optimistic residents. History (4.3 Uprising in the middle of the 20th century, Battle of Okinawa) was analyzed using a synchronic approach, which also had a modern history that was not experienced on the mainland. In addition, as a cultural factor, there was a similarity in experiencing a cooperative community culture. In order to prepare for an age-friendly future, more in-depth research is required in various fields. Basically, considering humans in the environment, there must be an attempt to approach the environment by integrating the environment of history and cooperative community culture in addition to the physical environment (nature, regimen, climate, geography) and social environment (local participation, exchange, social activities).

Initial experience of synchronic description of historical musicology texts

The author discusses a small initial experience of using synchronic description in musicology texts. In the beginning, the origin of the synchrony–diachrony dichotomy introduced into linguistics by Ferdinand de Saussure is revealed. These terms and concepts from linguistics turned out to be so generative in methodological terms that they were adapted into other scientific disciplines. Starting with Saussure, the specificity of the relations of the two approaches is most deeply expressed as the relation of the system of the subject – synchrony and its evolution – diachrony. Next, the article discusses collective intelligence (Lotman) as a result of the activity and cooperation of experts of the same specialty. The productivity and relevance of using a synchronic approach for an adequate comparison of musical works, especially in the history and theory of performing arts, is emphasized. The main objective of the article was to test the use of a synchronic approach for the formation of textual information about the formation of the classical style in musical Europe of the XVIII century. The main pathos and function of the synchronic approach is "comparison". When the beginnings of events are aligned, it becomes possible to compare them (events) with each other, and the results of the comparison are attributed to the synchronization time. The synchronic approach demonstrates the continuity and monomericity of historical time. In synchrony, we see that juxtaposition and comparison overcome the natural separateness of historical events. The conclusions of the article summarize the main properties of the synchronic and diachronic approaches: synchrony reflects the system structure of the object and phenomenon, and diachrony, their evolution. For more productive event matching, synchronization of several parameters and types is necessary. This type of historical research can be described as a multifactorial synchronic analysis of historical events. Further prospects for the development of synchronic and diachronic approaches lie in their synthesis, when multiple slices of synchrony are sorted by chronology, and diachrony consists of synchronic slices of time.

SPATIAL ARCHETYPES IN THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF V.E. SAVKIN AND YU.D. DEEV

The language of naive painting, like verbal, is a universal communicative system, which gives reason to use a diachronic approach to explore its content arising from the depths of human nature. Being a combination of historical experience and psychological energy, the archetype becomes a symbolic unit of the analysis of naive paintings. The universality of the archetype is manifested in its ability to be realized in different time contexts, which makes it a very attractive subject of research in the works of naive artists of the second half of the XX century. Repeated reference to the archetype of the “ideal city” accelerates its adaptation to new cultural realities, becoming a method of interaction of a self-taught artist with the world. The relevance of the research is related to the interest in the implementation of the utopian project of the city within the framework of modern art space. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the archetype of the ideal city will be considered in the works of naive painting by artists V.E. Sakiyan and Yu.D. Deev. The research is aimed at studying the diachronic aspect of the creative interpretation of the «ideal city» archetype in the images of Russian artistic culture.

Lexical borrowing in Korean: a diachronic approach based on a corpus analysis

Abstract Loanwords are lexical terms borrowed from foreign languages by transliterating the original sound of the borrowed words with the recipient language’s consonants and vowels. This paper focuses on lexical borrowing in the Korean language from a diachronic perspective. Based on approximately 9,500 Korean loanwords extracted from a corpus of women’s magazine articles of residential sections (the Korean Contemporary Residential Culture Corpus), we investigated the alteration of loanword usage from 1970 to 2015. Having introduced our definition of Korean loanwords in phonological and morphological terms, we performed statistical analysis particularly with type/token frequency and cultural/core loanwords, along with semantic analysis with Period Representative Loanword (PRL). We argue that, in addition to its gradual and rapid increase over time, Korean loanword usage underwent a remarkable evolution in the 1990s.

A diachronic approach to perceptions of success and failure in language education

The paper is an article of reflection which aims to critically analyze the concept of success as viewed from an individual’s perspective as well as through the lenses of others. Historically and socially dependent norms and values regulating psychological and sociological approaches to success and failure are also considered and their personal and social consequences examined. Against this background the postwar concepts of a successful language learner and a successful language teacher are examined from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. A model with six stages is proposed, the function of which is to estimate their approximate duration as well as to identify criteria adopted in order to distinguish between success and failure in particular periods. Terminology, drawn from the philosophy of law, relating to norms and expectations is presented to examine methodological issues in evaluation and assessment. Implications for language teacher education are also considered.

Diachronic approach to practices associated with the use of firewood in Parque Costero del Sur and its surroundings (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Diachronic approach to practices associated with the use of firewood in Parque Costero del Sur and its surroundings (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

How can a diachronic analysis of the linguistic landscape be used in dialectology (on the example of the Transcarpathian region)?

This article was written as part of a diachronic analysis of the linguistic landscape of the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast) in Ukraine. The diachronic approach is no longer a new method in this field of research, but for the first time, it is used here specifically for dialectological purposes. The main goal of this paper is to prove that works on the study of the linguistic landscape can be useful in a much wider range of linguistic (and not only) disciplines, and dialectology in particular. For this, two types of data were analyzed. The first type includes dictionaries and written documents in the local version of the Ukrainian language from different historical periods, starting with the 16th century and ending with independent Ukraine. The second one includes street signs of modern Transcarpathian cities where the dialect is used. By combining these two types of data, it is possible to analyze: 1) since when the dialectal elements that we have now on the streets begin to be recorded in historical materials; 2) which dialectal elements have survived to this day and continue to be actively used by the local population. It is important because the existence of local words on street signs itself automatically indicates their real use in the Transcarpathian region. No person or private enterprise will write something incomprehensible to the locals, because their profit depends on it. That is why the linguistic landscape of modern streets makes it possible to conduct the most objective analysis of the dialectal elements of Transcarpathia, and the diachronic approach allows us to support this material with data from historical documents. In addition, we will explain why such inscriptions appear more often on Transcarpathian streets and how this is related to the phenomenon of language commodification, that is, the process of turning a language (or, in our case, a dialect) into a commodity. We will also consider interesting examples and explain the difference between directly foreign words and transliterated Transcarpathian dialectal elements that were borrowed from Hungarian or other languages. The text is accompanied by photographs taken by the author of this article during trips to Transcarpathia in 2019-2021.

Height and the disease environment of children: The association between mortality and height in the Netherlands 1850–1940

AbstractHeight and infant mortality are both considered health indicators of a population, yet they tend to be much more strongly correlated in high‐income, low‐mortality populations. This article shows that infant deaths are not representative of the health of survivors as it relates to height because breastfeeding practices shield them from part of the disease environment. Instead, child mortality rates, especially from food and waterborne diseases, capture the disease load that is associated with lower heights better. The period of this study is 1850–1940, with a focus on 1875–1900, as the Netherlands underwent major health and wealth transitions. Individual conscription heights from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands as well as municipal conscription statistics are used. The article takes a diachronic approach to examine how various health indicators have developed over time. The start of the upward trend in heights and the improvement of child mortality rates coincided in four Dutch regions, whereas infant mortality rates followed a different trajectory. Bivariate maps are used to identify municipalities in which infant and child mortality did not correlate. This study adds to both the understanding of heights as a health indicator and local breastfeeding practices in the nineteenth‐century Netherlands.

Transformation of the identity of the Buryat children's literature at the turn of the 1980s–1990s.

The article is devoted to the changes that took place in the Buryat children's literature at the turn of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras in the context of sociocultural transformations caused by the collapse of the USSR and the formation of new identities in the post-Soviet space. The discourses of identity found in the children's literature of this period, their interaction and dynamics are investigated. The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the transformation of the identity of the Buryat children's literature in this transitional period. The material of the study is Buryat children's magazines and plays published in the period from 1985 to 1995. The study is based on a diachronic approach. The main research methods are cultural-historical and discourse analysis methods. As a result, it was established that as a result of the crisis of Soviet culture and the formation of the discourse of national revival in Buryat children's literature, there was a gradual replacement of Soviet identity with a new national identity. Prior to this transformation, Buryat children's literature was aimed at the formation of a Soviet identity associated with the communist ideology, the party and the pioneer movement, the idea of the unity of the Soviet nations, the events of the general Soviet history, such as the October Revolution and the Great Patriotic War. After the changes that took place, Buryat children's literature began to focus primarily on the formation of a national identity based on familiarization with the traditions of Buddhism, the culture of the Mongolian peoples, and the history of the Buryats, out of touch with the Soviet statehood.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL REGION AND ITS MAIN ETHNOLINGUISTIC FEATURES

This article is devoted to the study of the problems of intercultural communication in the North Caucasian region. Th e relevance of the study lies in a detailed diachronic analysis of the historical, cultural and ethnolinguistic features of the interaction between representatives of Russian culture and the culture of the peoples of the Caucasus. The aim of the study is a diachronic analysis of the main aspects of interaction between the peoples of the North Caucasus and the Russian Empire, starting from the second half of the 18th century and ending with the problems of present-day intercultural communication. For a comprehensive analysis, the works of Russian historians, sociologists and linguists are used as a reference material in the work, in addition to the diachronic approach, some approaches of foreign cultural scientists are used. The results of the study are refl ected in the comparison of the historical, cultural and ethno-linguistic features of cultural polymorphism in the North Caucasian historical and cultural region, carried out using the integration approach of T. Adorno. To maintain the principles of historicism and objectivism, a historical source is used, viz. “The latest geographical and historical news about the Caucasus” by S.М. Bronevsky, contemporary with the events described. Bronevsky not only prepared most of the material on the Russian-Persian, Russian-Turkish and Russian-Caucasian treaties by the beginning of the second stage of the Caucasian War, but also left comments regarding the ethnolinguistic features of the content of these documents. For example, their inconsistency or the incompetence of Russian translators. Th e historical experience of modern historians I. F. Blaramberg and Yu.Yu. Klychnikov provides further underpinnings. On the basis of the studied material on the 18th and 19th centuries in relation to the southern political direction, a brief description of the modern ethnic and sociolinguistic features of the region is given.