Development Of Systematic Approach Research Articles

Integrated Sustainable Production Value Measurement Model Based on Lean and Six Sigma in Industry 4.0 Context

Today's competitive environment requires a higher level of quality in processes, services, and products to reach a larger portion of market share and economic success. Quality management being a systematic approach for quality-related evaluation and development is substantial for companies. Industry 4.0 is defined as the integration of physical machinery systems with digital networking. Industry 4.0-related technologies provide extensive opportunities for quality-related issues by incorporating economic, environmental, and social impacts. To encompass all dimensions effective on quality management, it is necessary to process a large amount of data within the context of industry 4.0. Advanced production systems and quality management are complementary resources to enhance the functionality leading to a higher competitive advantage. This article develops a sustainable industry 4.0 production value measurement approach. The quality elements are collected and purified using the concept of lean six sigma and Delphi technique. Among all quality elements, those that are related to leanness and six sigma are extracted. Then, adapted interpretive structural modeling (AISM) is developed to map elements of lean six sigma and sustainability factors and indices. As a quantification method, sustainable production measurement relation is formulated. The process is implemented as a case study in an industrial cluster located in Iran. The results imply new aspects of quality improvement to the managers of the cluster.

Virtual Reality Mobile Application Development with Scrum Framework as a New Media in Learning English

<span lang="EN-US">Virtual reality is a combination of technology that are used to visualize and provide interaction with virtual environment. These environment often depict three-dimensional space which could be realistic or imaginary. One of the problem to build a virtual reality application is not yet available an approach as development lifecycle to build this virtual reality application. In this study we implement a software development project management approach which is Scrum to build a virtual reality application to be a new media for learning English. The goal is to find out how this system development approach is providing a new guide as a project management to build virtual reality application right from the project started, until the application is reach production stage or final release. Also in this study we using the unity 3D to create the virtual environment and C# as the backend programming language to build a mobile application which is made this virtual application is build using cross platform mobile development. The study concludes that mobile learning applications increase student motivation and place students as the main subject in English Lessons to support the teaching and learning process in an educational context.</span>

A process model for concurrent conceptual design of space systems

AbstractThis work presents a model of the process of conceptual design studies which use the concurrent engineering approach. Concurrent conceptual design is an integrated system development approach, to rapidly explore feasible design solutions by parallelizing the work of experts. This approach is characterized by a multidisciplinary team of experts collaborating in a co‐located manner. Albeit the conceptual design phase requires creative problem solving, teamwork requires coordination, and would profit from a shared understanding of the design process. Based on a survey among experts from 15 different organizations, and practice documented in literature, we propose a model of the underlying design process. This work extends our previous work on a coordination method for concurrent design and provides validation of the process model via case studies and expert interviews. The proposed process model is formalized in SysML diagrams. It can be used to help program coordinators and train engineers of different disciplines on the methodology of concurrent conceptual design, as well to serve as a baseline for implementing the methodology in new organizations.

The development of retention time prediction model using multilinear gradient profiles of seven pharmaceuticals

The ICH guidance on pharmaceutical development recommends a systematic development approach including robustness studies which assure performance of manufacturing and analytical method development of drug product. The retention model by T. Kawabe et al have an excellent correlation between observed and predicted retention time in various kinds of pharmaceutical compounds during isocratic elution by the multiple regression modeling of solvent strength parameters. However, it cannot be successfully applied to the predictability of the retention time during multilinear gradient elution and also it does not consider the instrument dependent parameters such as dwell volume. The current study demonstrated that the solution of the fundamental gradient elution equation was applied to T. Kawabe’s retention time prediction model to predict the retention time using a multilinear gradient profile with taking the delay volume of HPLC system into account. Seven pharmaceutical compounds were used for evaluation of prediction models for retention time. The predicted retention time was compared with the measured retention time obtained by several multilinear gradient using two HPLC systems with different dwell volume. The evaluated prediction error (%) was 1.10 % and 1.54 % with H-Class and Nexera XR HPLC systems, respectively. In order to evaluate the robustness of the analytical method and to set the system suitability test (SST) for proper method performance, the design space for the ACN/MeOH mixture ratio in the total organic solvent and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) relationship to the minimum resolution was simulated by the developed retention time prediction. The optimized condition of the ACN/MeOH mixture ratio, the acceptance criterion of the SST for achieving the robust separation was estimated based on the simulated design space. As a conclusion, the developed retention time prediction will be useful during analytical method transfer among different manufacturing/analytical sites of the pharmaceuticals with different HPLC systems.

Paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surface modified with cyclic peptides with improved tumor targeting ability in glioblastoma multiforme

The present work describes the systematic development of paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). So far only temozolomide therapy is available for the GBM treatment, which fails by large amount due to poor brain permeability of the drug and recurrent metastasis of the tumor. Thus, we investigated the drug combination containing paclitaxel and naringenin for the treatment of GBM, as these drugs have individually demonstrated significant potential for the management of a wide variety of carcinoma. A systematic product development approach was adopted where risk assessment was performed for evaluating the impact of various formulation and process parameters on the quality attributes of the SLNs. I-optimal response surface design was employed for optimization of the dual drug-loaded SLNs prepared by micro-emulsification method, where Percirol ATO5 and Dynasan 114 were used as the solid lipid and surfactant, while Lutrol F188 was used as the stabilizer. Drug loaded-SLNs were subjected to detailed in vitro and in vivo characterization studies. Cyclic RGD peptide sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) was added to the formulation to obtain the surface modified SLNs which were also evaluated for the particle size and surface charge. The optimized drug-loaded SLNs exhibited particle size and surface charge of 129 nm and 23 mV, drug entrapment efficiency >80% and drug loading efficiency >7%. In vitro drug release study carried out by micro dialysis bag method indicated more than 70% drug was release observed within 8 h time period. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in drug absorption parameters (Cmax and AUC) from the optimized SLNs over the free drug suspension. Cytotoxicity evaluation on U87MG glioma cells indicated SLNs with higher cytotoxicity as compared to that of the free drug suspension (p < 0.05). Evaluation of uptake by florescence measurement indicated superior uptake of SLNs tagged with dye over the plain dye solution. Overall, the dual drug-loaded SLNs showed better chemoprotective effect over the plain drug solution, thus construed superior anticancer activity of the developed nanoformulation in the management of glioblastoma multiforme.

Food loss and waste in food supply chains. A systematic literature review and framework development approach

This study examines the state of the art of the literature in the domain of food loss and waste (FLW) in food supply chains (FSC). The authors used a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to examine and synthesise the findings of the existing literature to identify the key research themes, research gaps and avenues of future research on FLW in FSC. To this end, this SLR considered 152 articles relevant for the review. The authors uncovered the extant literature in the domain by presenting the research profile of the selected studies, along with thematic analysis. The authors identified eight key themes from the extant literature. The themes range from factors responsible for FLW generation to new, emerging areas of research such as digitalisation and food surplus redistribution. The study’s findings will help clarify existing practices in FSC for waste mitigation and act as a foundation for strategic and policy initiatives in this area. The findings indicate that the major factors responsible for FLW include the poor management of perishable food items, stakeholder attitudes, buyer−supplier agreements and supply chain interruptions. Some of the important implications of the study include formal guidelines and policy-level interventions for assisting the accurate quantification of FLW along with an impetus on digitalisation to reduce FLW. The study concludes with the development of a research framework to assist future research in this domain.

A Paradox Lens to Systems Development Projects: The Case of the Agile Software Development

Research into organizations has concluded that organizational effectiveness is paradoxical (i.e., effective organizations must have simultaneously contradictory, even mutually exclusive, attributes). Although systems development projects constitute temporary organizations, researchers have largely omitted the paradox lens in their context. In this paper, I move toward rectifying the situation by focusing specifically on the agile software development (ASD) as a timely systems development approach in practice. I identify 11 interrelated and actable paradoxical tensions concerning the priority, structure, and execution of systems development projects. Each tension imposes competing demands on projects. To address them requires human ingenuity and judgement, though systems development methods and approaches can provide aid. I show that ASD comprises mechanisms for that purpose largely due to the reflective nature of the ASD process in which each retrospective assesses what went well in the previous sprint (iteration) and what could be improved in the next sprint. At the same time, ASD has built-in flexibility that makes it possible to adapt the method-in-use when deemed necessary or reasonable.

A Framework for Extended Reality System Development in Manufacturing

This paper presents a framework for developing extended reality (XR) systems within manufacturing context. The aim of this study is to develop a systematic framework to improve the usability and user acceptance of future XR systems. So that manufacturing industry can move from the “wow effect” of XR demonstrators into the stage whereas XR systems can be successfully integrated and improve the conventional work routines. It is essential to ensure the usability and user acceptance of XR systems for the wider adoption in manufacturing. The proposed framework was developed through six case studies that covered different XR system developments for different application areas of manufacturing. The framework consists of five iterative phases: (1) requirements analysis, (2) solution selection, (3) data preparation, (4) system implementation and (5) system evaluation. It is validated through one empirical case and seven identified previous studies, which partly aligned with the proposed framework. The proposed framework provides a clear guideline on the steps needed to integrate XR in manufacturing and it extends the XR usage with increased usability and user acceptance. Furthermore, it strengthens the importance of user-centered approach for XR system development in manufacturing.

Agility and system documentation in large-scale enterprise system projects: a knowledge management perspective

The growth of the agile approach usage comes with a deemphasis on formal documentation (explicit knowledge) and an increased reliance on personal interactions (tacit knowledge) for knowledge transfer. However, the sharing of tacit knowledge poses challenges. The agile approach is prone to knowledge hoarding, as well as knowledge loss from employee turnover and reassignment during periods of significant organizational changes. This study proposes a model that frames documentation and personal interactions as co-agents of system knowledge transfer. We report the preliminary confirmation of crucial antecedents along the dimensions of codification and personalization strategies to support our model. We present a set of findings on current practices, as well as a set of knowledge-sharing issues on system documentation based on three main categories. The first category incorporates system development approaches applied in large-scale enterprise systems projects. The second and the third categories comprise eight knowledge management themes, classified into the dimensions of personalization and codification for knowledge sharing and document practices. Finally, we put forward five propositions based on our findings.

New tendencies of sustainable development: providing personal security and quality of life as a new national security paradigm

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of public administration and administration in the field of public security and civil defense as a component of the national security system. Consideration of the problems of civilizational development and national security shows the urgent need to rethink the areas of responsibility of state and civil society, the ratio of hierarchical and network structures in public administration and management. There is also a need to implement a new principle of boosting standards of living, as a prerequisite to ensuring national security, through sustainable development of society and competitiveness of the state itself. It is shown that under the conditions of globalization the state is no longer ensuring security and well-being of its citizens by mere «defending» them from the threats of emergencies. The state must prepare citizens to be able to confront the various globalization-related challenges on their own. Earlier this year, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine submitted a draft national security strategy “Personal Security – National Security” to the President for consideration. In this regard the new model of public administration and administration system in the field of public security and civil defense can be efficient. It is based on the six pillars of public administration. These are «human being / human resource», «organization theory», «policy analysis», «budgeting», «statistics» and «ethics». Such a framework ensures the unity of the system development approach in combination with theory and practice.

The Polish Practice of Probabilistic Approach in Power System Development Planning

Power systems can be analyzed using either a deterministic or a probabilistic approach. The deterministic analysis centers on studying the quantities and indicators that characterize the operating states of the power system under strictly defined conditions. However, the long-term horizon of planning analyses, the changes of marketing mechanisms, the development of renewable electricity sources, the leaving from large-scale generation, the growth of smart technology and the increase in consumer awareness make the development of transmission networks a non-deterministic problem. In this article, we propose a planning procedure that takes the probabilistic elements into account. This procedure was developed to take into account the high variability of power flows caused by the generation of renewable sources and international exchange. Such conditions of the power system operation forced a departure from deterministic planning. The new probabilistic approach uses the existing tools and experience gained during subsequent development projects. As part of the probabilistic approach, simulations were carried out using the Latin Hypercube Sampling and Two Point Estimation Method algorithms. These methods effectively reduce the computation time and, at the same time, give satisfactory results. The verification was carried out on a test grid model developed in accordance with the technical standards used in the Polish Power System. Effects were assessed using a deterministic and probabilistic approach. This analysis confirmed the practical possibility of using the probabilistic approach in planning the development of transmission network in Poland. When using a probabilistic approach to predict power flow, the criteria of technical acceptability for a given development variant and the manner in which the strategy is determined are of particular importance.

Green Synthesis of Lidocaine Ionic Liquids and Salts: Mechanisms of Formation and Interactions in the Crystalline and Supercooled States

Mechanochemistry has been recognized as an optimal route for the synthesis of ionic liquids incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients (API-ILs) as it eliminates the need for large volumes of solvents and purification steps, thus making it a sustainable alternative to conventional solution synthesis. In this work, a range of API-ILs incorporating lidocaine and medium-chain dicarboxylic acids as the counterions were synthesized by neat grinding, and the effect of an alkyl chain length on the phase formation was investigated. The evaluation of thermal and dynamic behaviors as well as crystallographic analysis of API-ILs was carried out in an attempt to devise a prediction tool for the structure–property relationship. Alternating trends in morphology, melting points, glass transition temperatures, and crystallographic properties of the new phases were observed across the dicarboxylic acid series. This study enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of API-ILs formation and contributed to the current aim of the IL community to devise a systematic approach for API-IL discovery and development for pharmaceutical applications.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tapentadol in Children from Birth to

ObjectiveThe main aim of this analysis was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tapentadol in pediatric patients from birth to <18 years old who experience acute pain, requiring treatment with an opioid analgesic.Patients and MethodsData from four clinical trials and 148 pediatric patients who received a single dose of tapentadol oral or intravenous solution were included. Population PK analysis was performed to determine the contribution of size-related (bodyweight) and function-related (maturation) factors to the changes in oral bioavailability (F), volume of distribution (V), and clearance (CL) with age. Simulations were carried out to compare pediatric exposures to reference adult values.ResultsA one-compartment model with allometric scaling on disposition parameters (using theoretical or estimated exponents) and maturation functions on CL and F best described tapentadol PK. The estimated allometric exponents for CL (0.603) and V (0.820) differed slightly from the theoretical values of 0.75 for CL and 1 for V. A maximum in CL/F was observed at about 2–3 years when expressed on a bodyweight basis. Results for younger children as well as the F estimate were sensitive to the scaling approach, but CL/F and V/F as a function of age for the two scaling approaches led to similar curves within the bioequivalence range except below 5 weeks of age. Model-based simulations indicated that the doses used in the included clinical trials lead to exposures within the lower half of the targeted adult exposure.ConclusionThe development of tapentadol is one of the first examples following a systematic approach for analgesic drug development for children. Our analysis enabled a full characterization and robust understanding of tapentadol PK in children from birth to <18 years, including preterm infants, and showed the importance of evaluating the sensitivity of the inferences of the PK parameters to the selected scaling approach.

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Student Learning and Development in University Settings.

This article considers the opportunities and challenges of transdisciplinary research on student learning in university settings. Fifty years ago, at a meeting in France that convened experts in education and psychology as well as higher education leaders, the term transdisciplinarity was coined as issues pertaining to the structure of the university and its impact on teaching and learning were considered. We argue that to move beyond what has already been discussed requires added insights from both the learning sciences and developmental sciences. In this article, these two areas are combined with the perspectives of higher education leaders. First, research is considered from the learning sciences on deep learning in relation to university learning and teaching. This body of work illustrates ways students need to be actively engaged in their learning and simultaneously frames teachers as facilitators of students’ constructive efforts rather than disseminators of static knowledge. Second, perspectives from the developmental sciences on processes of development are reviewed, focusing on adolescence and emerging adulthood. Here we highlight the importance of considering developmental systems approaches to aspects of organizing learning at universities in light of extensive research on adolescents and emerging adults. Third, we examine new higher education frameworks that have focused on the importance of student engagement, integration and application of knowledge and the implications of these shifts for organizing higher education learning in more holistic ways, often at the national and transnational levels. In reviewing these three areas, we consider what assumptions are made about the learner, the role of teachers and others in enhancing student learning, and the interaction between learners and contexts where learning takes place. We argue that while progress is being made in undergraduate reform efforts, implementation has been uneven. To deliver on this important work will require further alignment of the sort Jantsch (1972) and Piaget (1972) claimed was central to transdisciplinary approaches, namely aligning these different areas through a systems approach that considers education as a purposeful human activity. This will involve alignment and support from the learning and developmental sciences, as well as local, national and transnational efforts and learning communities to support campus efforts.

State and Aims of Enhancement of Health and Social Care for Child Population

The article discusses the major steps in development of health and social care for the child population in Russian Federation. Principal legislative and regulatory acts covering the medical care provision are specified. Two regional organizational models of health and social care for the child population were presented, they have shown their effectiveness. Principle problems for the development of systematic approach to the organization of health and social care for children in Russia are listed. Moreover, main directions for its development and nearest prospects associated with the implementation of program activities carried out within the framework of the Decade of Childhood.

Motor Development Research: II. The First Two Decades of the 21st Century Shaping Our Future

In Part I of this series I, we looked back at the 20thcentury and re-examined the history of Motor Development research described in Clark &amp; Whitall’s 1989 paper “What is Motor Development? The Lessons of History”. We now move to the 21stcentury, where the trajectories of developmental research have evolved in focus, branched in scope, and diverged into three new areas. These have progressed to be independent research areas, co-existing in time. We posit that the research focus on Dynamical Systems at the end of the 20thcentury has evolved into a Developmental Systems approach in the 21stcentury. Additionally, the focus on brain imaging and the neural basis of movement have resulted in a new approach, which we entitled Developmental Motor Neuroscience. Finally, as the world-wide obesity epidemic identified in the 1990s threatened to become a public health crisis, researchers in the field responded by examining the role of motor development in physical activity and health-related outcomes; we refer to this research area as the Developmental Health approach. The glue that holds these research areas together is their focus on movement behavior as it changes across the lifespan.

A problem-oriented systems approach to primary care system development: development and initial testing of the problem-oriented primary care system development record

BackgroundThere is significant global policy interest related to enabling a data-driven approach for evidence-based primary care system development. This paper describes the development and initial testing of a prototype tool (the Problem-Oriented Primary Care System Development Record, or PCSDR) that enables a data-driven and contextualized approach to primary care system development.MethodsThe PCSDR is an electronic record that enables the systematic input, classification, structuring, storage, processing and analysis of different types of data related to the structure, function and performance of primary care systems over time. Data inputted into the PCSDR was coded using the WHO’s PHC-IMPACT framework and classification system. The PCSDR’s functionalities were tested by using a case study of primary care system development in Tajikistan.ResultsTajikistan’s case study demonstrated that the PCSDR is a potentially effective and conceptually-sound tool for the input, classification, structuring and storage of different data types from myriad sources. The PCSDR is therefore a basic data entry and data management system that enables query and analytics functions for health services research and evidence-based primary care system development functions.ConclusionsThe PCSDR is a data system that enables a contextualized approach to evidence-based primary care system development. It represents a coherent and effective synthesis of the fields of primary care system development and performance assessment. The PCSDR enables analysts to leverage primary care performance assessment frameworks for a broad range of functions related to health systems analysis, improvement and the development of learning health systems.

A systematic PAT Soft Sensor screening and development methodology applied to the prediction of free fatty acids in industrial biodiesel production

A systematic approach for advanced soft sensor development was applied to predict free fatty acid (FFA) content from NIR spectra under real plant conditions, namely in process streams from a biofuel producing unit integrating raw materials with time-varying complex matrices (e.g., wasted cooking oils, WCOs). The proposed methodology systematically screened through 52 combinations of preprocessing and inferential modeling methods, including current state of the art predictive methodologies, and the recently proposed multiresolution soft sensors. The model’s prediction capabilities were compared through a rigorous framework based on Monte Carlo double cross-validation and statistical hypothesis testing. This study used 119 samples with FFA content in the range of 0.1030% to 5.6740%. The best model is based on the novel multiresolution soft sensor framework. This model had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9792 and a prediction root mean squared error of 0.1187 (13.6% lower than the best model based on standard modelling methodologies). The proposed approach can be easily replicated to other scenarios where soft sensors based on Process Analytical Technology (PAT) are to be developed.

Food waste in hospitality and food services: A systematic literature review and framework development approach

This study critically analyzes the state-of-the-art of food waste in the hospitality and food services (HaFS) sector body of literature. It uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach implemented through search, evaluation, and synthesis of peer-reviewed articles. The primary focus is on uncovering key research themes and gaps in the extant knowledge to edify and advance a future research agenda. Content analysis is used to aggregate the selected articles around nine themes representing various aspects of food waste. The themes range from the causes of waste generation to leftover handling and waste reduction. Additionally, extensive research profiling is undertaken to present summary statistics of the selected articles in terms of research design, methods of data analysis, variables investigated, and the theoretical lens used. The SLR raises some interesting research questions and offers actionable inferences for practice. The study concludes with a framework that brings the findings together to inform future empirical research in the area.

Systematic Approach for Development of Knowledge Base in Higher Education

Internet of Things and Big Data are revolutionary technologies bringing innovation in almost every sector. These innovative technologies have of late been implemented in the education sector with significant success in achieving the goal of “education par excellence”. A lot of research has been conducted to yield the benefits of IoT in the education sector and many models have been proposed in the past by various researchers all around the world. This research introduces a systematic manner of collecting the data using sensing devices from various cohorts of students studying at “Middle East College” and how this data can be utilized to infer various postulations related to the enhancement of teaching and learning. Moreover, visualization of the facts that may provide preventive and preemptive capabilities to manage and support them in decision making is also explored in great detail. This research work is an effort to contribute to the development of a strong educational system through innovation and inquiry. This research work is also intended to contribute to developing the foundation of “knowledgebase” for Middle East College.