Development Of Systematic Approach Research Articles

E-RESOURCES GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM SYSTEM FOR MILITARY OPERATION

Nowadays, the barometer of the strength of a countr y is a military force that is owned by the state. T o produce a good military force in a country, it woul d require an easy, fast and accurate military resou rce management. This study utilized geographic data as a reference for the location of the logistics resou rces to help simplify the management of military data using spatial data in Geographic Information System (GIS ). The system development approach used JSON Service technology framework and HTML 5 to improve system performance. The features development of the management of military resources associated with military operations are conducted. Results of this study generate e-resource military operation system which is swift and in accordance with the W3C web standards.

학교구강보건실 운영사업의 영향분석

Objectives : The aim of the study is to propose the fundamental data for further developments of the school dental clinic program through evaluating comprehensive improvements of the indices and the oral health status. Methods : This studied was carried out from December 2010 to September 2012. Subjects were 239 elementary school 4th, 5th, 6th grade students having no school dental clinic and 195 elementary school 4th, 5th, 6th grade students having school dental clinic in Busan. They completed self-reported questionnaires after accepting informed consent. The questionnaire included knowledges, attitudes and practices for oral health recognition and supports of the school dental clinic program. Results : Permanent tooth caries prevention rate revealed 59.0%, 53.3%, and 62.0%. in 4th, 5th, and 6th respectively. Rate of Care Group with fissure sealant permanent teeth showed 80.3%, 88.0%, and 88.9% respectively. Index of Care Group with fissure sealant permanent teeth revealed 2.68, 2.90, and 3.97, respectively. DMFT index of Care Group was 1.11, 1.35, and 1.51, respectively. Active D rate of Care Group resulted in 16.7%, 24.1%, and 16.7%, respectively. Dental health education group showed high awareness level of fluoride and sealant effect for caries prevention. Tooth brushing of three times per day was more effective when using rolling tooth brushing. On the other hand, oral health recognition and oral status in the control group was low. Conclusions : Oral health recognition was closely related to good oral care. Expansion of oral health care business is important to prevent dental caries. Systematic approach for oral health education programs and human resources development is very important to improve oral health care.

Open Robot Control Platform Based on LSOA

Aims to address the restrictions imposed by tranditional robot Control system development approach such as close structure, function immobility, lack of reconfiguration at run time, hard to guarantee. a lightweight service-oriented architectures (LSOA) for robot control system is proposed. The main features of this architecture include central control mode, message-based interaction and configuration system based on embedded database. This architecture provides good supports for runtime reconfiguration, and allows integrating different components with the aid of a configuration system. The experiment indicates that the LSOA approach can improve the flexibility, reconfiguration and agility of the system.

The evolved development niche: Longitudinal effects of caregiving practices on early childhood psychosocial development

Using an evolutionary developmental systems approach, we examined the effects of early care on children's psychosocial development. Our framework for early care is the set of parenting practices that emerged with the social mammals more than 30 million years ago, which were slightly altered in what we call the human evolved developmental niche (EDN). Using an existing dataset of 682 families, we assessed four characteristics of EDN care—maternal responsivity, breastfeeding, touch, and maternal social support—and examined their effects longitudinally (prenatal to age 3) on children's prosociality (cooperation and social engagement), behavior problems (internalizing/externalizing), and cognitive ability (intelligence, auditory comprehension, and verbal expression) over three years. The EDN variables significantly and differentially affected child outcomes at different time points, even after controlling for maternal education, age, and income-to-needs ratio. Most significant findings were also retained when maternal responsivity was controlled. In summary, EDN-consistent behaviors in infancy provide necessary support for positive social and cognitive development in early childhood.

Using MCRDR based Agile approach for expert system development

Various expert system development approaches were proposed but most of them cannot deal with two problems: the difficulty of analysis and maintenance. Rather than to spend time waiting any longer, it is better to find an alternative solution from other research fields. In computer software development area, researchers have been suffering from the difficulty of maintenance and analysis, just as the researchers in the expert system development field. To solve this issue, researchers in the software used both agile software development and business rules approach: agile software development is for overcoming the the difficulty of analysis, and business rules approach is for reducing issues in the maintenance. There is a big opportunity that those two approaches can also be solve the two issues in the expert system development field. The paper describes requirements of the approach based on agile software development and the business rules approach. As a result, we consider and specify why the Multiple Classification Ripple Down Rules is the novel approach for the expert system development.

Systematic approach for development of new immunotherapeutics for lung cancers through cancer genomics analysis.

3092 Background: Oncoantigens are defined to be proteins that are very specifically expressed in cancer cells and that have the oncogenic activity and high immunogenicity, and are considered to be promising targets for immunotherapy such as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Methods: We have established a strategy as follows to identify new oncoantigens; i) screening of highly transactivated genes in the majority of 120 lung cancers using cDNA microarray representing 27,648 genes coupled with enrichment of tumor cells by laser microdissection, ii) verification of no expression of each candidate gene in normal tissues by northern-blot analysis, iii) validation of the clinicopathological significance of its high level of expression with tissue microarray containing 300 lung cancers, iv) verification of a critical role of each gene in the growth or invasiveness of cancer cells by RNAi and cell growth/invasion assays, v) screening of the epitope peptides recognized by HLA-A*0201- or A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). We conducted phase I clinical trials of these therapeutic peptide vaccines for lung cancer patients. Results: We identified 35 oncoantigens and screened dozens of 10-amino-acid peptides, each of which corresponded to a part of TTK, LY6K, IMP-3, CDCA1, KIF20A, CDC45L, and FOXM1, and was a candidate to be presented on the surface of HLA-A*0201 or HLA-A*2402 that induced in vitro CTL response. Phase I clinical studies indicated that five epitope peptides could strongly induce the CTL activity in cancer patients. For example, we conducted a phase I study for HLA-A*2402-positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who failed to standard therapy, using the combination of 1, 2 or 3 mg/body of each peptides from LY6K, CDCA1, and KIF20A mixed with adjuvant once a week. This cancer vaccine therapy demonstrated tolerability and had very high immunogenicity of even 1 mg/body dose to induce antigen-specific CTLs in cancer patients. Conclusions: Through systematic genomics-based approach and clinical study, we have identified five epitope peptides, which could induce CTLs very effectively in cancer patients, and therefore it warrants further clinical studies. Clinical trial information: NCT01069575.

Identification of Michael Acceptor-Centric Pharmacophores with Substituents That Yield Strong Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitory Character Correlated to Antiproliferative Activity

The role of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in tumorigenesis has made it an attractive anticancer target. A systematic approach for development of novel compounds as TrxR inhibitors is currently lacking. Structurally diversified TrxR inhibitors share in common electrophilic propensities for the sulfhydryl groups, among which include the Michael reaction acceptors containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety. We aimed to identify features among structurally diversified Michael acceptor-based compounds that would yield a strong TrxR inhibitory character. Structurally dissimilar Michael acceptor-based natural compounds such as isobutylamides, zerumbone, and shogaols (SGs) were found to possess a poor TrxR inhibitory activity, indicating that a sole Michael acceptor moiety was insufficient to produce TrxR inhibition. The 1,7-diphenyl-hept-3-en-5-one pharmacophore in 3-phenyl-3-SG, a novel SG analog that possessed comparable TrxR inhibitory and antiproliferative potencies as 6-SG, was modified to yield 1,5-diphenyl-pent-1-en-3-one (DPPen) and 1,3-diphenyl-pro-1-en-3-one (DPPro, also known as chalcone) pharmacophores. These Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores, when substituted with the hydroxyl and fluorine groups, gave rise to analogs displaying a TrxR inhibitory character positively correlated to their antiproliferative potencies. Lead analogs 2,2'-diOH-5,5'-diF-DPPen and 2-OH-5-F-DPPro yielded a half-maximal TrxR inhibitory concentration of 9.1 and 10.5 μM, respectively, after 1-h incubation with recombinant rat TrxR, with the C-terminal selenocysteine residue found to be targeted. Identification of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores among diversified compounds demonstrates that a systematic approach to discover and develop Michael acceptor-based TrxR inhibitors is feasible. A strong TrxR inhibitory character correlated to the antiproliferative potency is attributed to structural features that include an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety centered in a DPPen or DPPro pharmacophore bearing hydroxyl and fluorine substitutions.

Cathode–anode side interaction in SOFC hybrid systems

Cathode–anode interaction, mainly based on cathode versus anode volume influence, recirculation performance, and turbomachinery integration, is an important issue for pressurised SOFC hybrid systems, and this aspect must be carefully considered to prevent fuel cell ceramic material failures through a reliable control system. Over the last 10years, several theoretical analyses of this issue have been carried out at the University of Genoa. These interaction studies have been analysed and an experimental approach (for model validation, system development and prototype design activities) has been applied using emulator facilities or real plants. In particular, general hybrid system layouts based on the coupling of pressurized SOFC stacks of different geometries (planar, tubular, etc.) with a gas turbine bottoming cycle have been investigated using the hybrid system emulator facility of the University of Genoa. The experimental results are focused on the interaction between gas turbine and anodic circuit and on cathode–anode differential pressure behaviour for design, off-design and transient hybrid system operative conditions. The information obtained in these tests is essential to understand the main features of the variables that drive the phenomena and to design a suitable control system that can mitigate the differential pressure values during all plant operating conditions.

Editorial

Editorial

Super-FRS Target Area Remote Handling: Scenario and Development

The Super-FRS, Superconducting Fragment Separator, is a unique machine that presents several challenging technical problems. One of these is regarding how to conduct maintenance in the target area where high levels of radiation will be generated and human access is forbidden. To address this problem the use of a remote maintenance system is foreseen. The objective of this paper is to develop a systems engineering (SE) research and development (R&D) approach suitable to develop the Super-FRS Target Area Remote Maintenance Systems (TARMS) and the RH design adaptation of the components in the target area. The Super-FRS target area is described in detail in order to introduce the need for a remote maintenance system. Components in the target area are classified by adopting ITER RH maintenance classification. The general scenario of remote handling and the current target area remote maintenance system are described. Finally, the proposed systems engineering approach is presented.

Task Analysis for Developing Maintenance and Assembly VR Training Simulators

Task analysis for the development of a virtual reality (VR) training system requires analysis and identification of the operator’s interactions with the real-world system and of the objectives of training and the trainee’s skill acquisition requirements. A task analysis approach for developing VR training simulators is presented that is based on analyzing the technology and training requirements concurrently. This approach is compared with traditional approaches for system development, with examples provided from the development of a VR training simulator for industrial maintenance and assembly tasks.

The Progression of Early Intervention Disability Services in Ireland

The Republic of Ireland is an island situated in north-west Europe inhabited by 4.6 million people, with 2.8% between 0 and 4 years of age with a disability (Central Statistics Office, 2012). The Irish Government funds the Irish health services, which, in turn, directly and indirectly funds disability services. Education and Disability legislation have developed in parallel, with an apparent increasing congruence with both moving toward a rights-based approach. Today, early intervention disability services are delivered by both statutory and nongovernmental agencies with wide variation and no national consistency in service provision. Some components of the Developmental Systems Approach can be discerned in Irish service provision, and these include screening, access, comprehensive interdisciplinary assessment, and early childhood programs. However, assessment of families, development and implementation, monitoring and outcome evaluation, and transition planning are not as identifiable. Guided by legislation and organizational restructuring, early intervention provision in Ireland is in a state of flux with an emphasis on developing national uniformity of family-centered early intervention services.

A Systematic Approach for Development of an OPLS-Like Force Field and Its Application to Hydrofluorocarbons

A systematic, formal approach to optimization of force field parameters for molecular simulations is presented. The procedure is based on response surface mapping methodology that allows simultaneous parameter optimization against multiple property targets while constraining the number of required computationally expensive numerical experiments. The approach was implemented for prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of alkanes, alkenes, and their fluorinated derivatives via Monte Carlo molecular simulations. To further reduce computational costs, a bootstrap procedure that involves a sequence of parameter optimization for four pairs of compounds (ethane and propane, ethene and propene, perfluoroethane and perfluoropropane, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) was used. The results of simulations utilizing the optimized force field parameters agree well with associated reference equations of state.

A TOTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE, STEM-FREE SWEET CHERRY PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND MARKETING SYSTEM

ISHS I International Symposium on Mechanical Harvesting and Handling Systems of Fruits and Nuts A TOTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE, STEM-FREE SWEET CHERRY PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND MARKETING SYSTEM

Evolution, Development, and Human Social Cognition

Explaining the causal origins of what are taken to be uniquely human capacities for understanding the mind in the first years of life is a primary goal of social cognitive development research, which concerns so called “theory of mind” or “mindreading” skills. We review and discuss particular examples of this research in the context of its underlying evolutionary conceptual framework known as the neo-Darwinian modern synthesis. It is increasingly recognized that the modern synthesis is limited in its neglect of developmental issues. A recent convergence of work from diverse sources, including but not limited to evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) and developmental systems approaches, demonstrate the need for a developmental expansion of modern evolutionary theory. We attempt to show that not only are nativist explanations of early human social cognition vulnerable to the criticisms of this developmental shift in thinking, but that these criticisms also problematize the dominant and more mainstream theories in early social cognitive development research. We conclude by discussing the importance of developmental analysis in understanding the ontogeny of cognitive capacities in individuals as well as species.

A collection of method fragments automated with model transformations in agent-orientedmodeling

The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) Methodology Technical Committee recommends the method engineering approach for Multi-agent System (MAS) development. This approach consists in defining method fragments for agent-oriented software engineering, and then developers combine these fragments to define customized development processes. In this line of research, the contribution of this paper is a collection of novel method fragments that are assisted with model transformations, in order to allow engineers to better develop MASs in an automated way. Some of these fragments also include explicit advices for incorporating artificial intelligence in the development. In the experiments, two processes have been composed with these method fragments for two different agent-oriented methodologies (i.e. Ingenias and Adelfe). This paper shows how these processes are respectively used to develop two known MASs (i.e. Delphi MAS and Timetable MAS). Furthermore, the presented approach is evaluated with 24 developers that were randomly divided into two groups. Each developer designed a MAS satisfying the same common requirements. One group applied the current approach, while the other group did not. The results show that this approach reduces the 63.3% of the designing time in average forMASs.

The Soft Systems Methodology Based Analysis Model in the Development of Selfmanaging Information Systems

Problem statement: In order to be able to manage its own information within its operating environment with minimal human intervention, a selfmanaging information system ought to identify and make use of information from the resources available in its environment. The development of requirements for selfmanaging information systems should start with an appropriate analysis model that can explicitly show the collaborating entities in the environment. The traditional forms of analysis in systems development approaches have not focused on computing systems environments and ways to identify environment resources. Approach: This study discusses the analysis activities in the development of selfmanaging information systems. Results: We propose an SSM based analysis model, which is able to examine the requirements for selfmanaging information systems. We describe the analysis of one particular system, the inventory management system and illustrate how this system fulfils certain desired selfmanaging properties. Conclusion: The SSM based analysis model is able to address the actuation capabilities of the systems and considers internal and external resources in the environment. The analysis model not only takes into account the information from the environment but is also able to provide support in determining the requirements for selfmanaging properties.

The Developmental Systems Approach to Early Intervention in Canada

Though Canada does not have a national strategy for early intervention in families, each province is developing approaches that support the optimal development of children and their families.

Current Provision, Recent Developments, and Future Directions for Early Childhood Intervention in Singapore

Singapore is a young island nation with a diverse population. Its support for young children at risk has its roots in the 1950s, but early childhood intervention (ECI) programs for young children with disabilities emerged only in the 1980s. ECI programs have proliferated in the subsequent years, offering an increasing range of service delivery models. The current provision of ECI services for young children in Singapore with identified disabilities and those at risk is described and evaluated using the Developmental Systems Approach to Early Intervention of M. J. Guralnick (2005) as an analytical framework. The impact and recommendations of recent developments in the field such as the Enabling Masterplan for the Disability Sector 2012–2016 is also discussed. Finally, future directions for the provision of ECI services in Singapore is considered.

Early Childhood Intervention in Portugal

Research studies on early childhood intervention (ECI) in Portugal are diffuse regarding both program components and the geographical area under scrutiny. Since the 1990s, a growing body of knowledge and evidence in ECI is being gathered, based on postgraduate teaching, in-service training, and research. This article draws on the systems theory perspective outlined in the Developmental Systems Approach to Early Intervention (M. J. Guralnick, 2001, 2005a, 2011) to (a) depict paradigmatic shifts and scientific evidence, as well as social and political factors, setting the framework for the development of ECI policies and services in Portugal; (b) describe recent Portuguese legislation that established a national ECI system, and deductively analyze its content regarding the structural components of Guralnick's Model; (c) examine the current status of ECI services according to the core principles and components of the Developmental Systems Model. Inspired by M. J. Guralnick's suggestion (2000), the discussion addresses problems at different levels of the system, proposing an agenda for change in ECI in Portugal, underlining the need for the co-construction of a new culture, based on scientific evidence and on in-depth dialogues between researchers, practitioners, and communities.