The formation of new economic relations is accompanied by the development and implementation of innovations in various industries. The article substantiates the key tasks of economic activity of economic entities and countries in the vector of development of "Kondratiev big cycles", "upward" and "downward" waves associated with innovative production. Scientific and theoretical developments in the vector of development of the Kondratiev big cycles lead to the formation of breakthrough technologies that are in demand in modern industry and the future market space. It is noted that the level of innovation of industry depends on its structure and direct role in the formation of a promising domestic and global economy. The analysis of trends was carried out taking into account the database for a century period. It is shown how the rates over the past time periods and the revealed proportions affect the growth of the Russian and global economies. One of the potential solutions to the problems of the development of domestic industry is the active use in practice of the theoretical developments of the "Kondratiev big cycles" in the implementation of national projects. Separate tasks for the long-term development of the Russian economy until 2030 are formulated.