Development Of Theory Research Articles

The Person in Psychology and Christianity: A Faith-Based Critique of Five Theories of Social Development

The Person in Psychology and Christianity: A Faith-Based Critique of Five Theories of Social Development

CEC01-01 Introduction into the AOP framework: Integrating Theory and Practice in AOP Development

CEC01-01 Introduction into the AOP framework: Integrating Theory and Practice in AOP Development

Child Life in Practice: Applying Theories in the Emergency Department and on a Pediatric Unit

Certified child life specialists (CCLS) serve as an integral component of the health care team by attending to the psychosocial concerns that arise as children and their families face stressful situations. The CCLS provides individualized care to meet the developmental needs of infants, children, teens, and young adults and assists in coping with medical-related stressors, using play as a main healing modality. As they engage, assess, and educate, CCLS use play for therapeutic purposes and provide education to children and their families regarding diagnosis, treatments, procedures or tests needed, strategies for coping and managing pain, and the medical environment. In this article, two theories and one process that help guide the work of the CCLS are applied in a scenario: Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional theory of stress and coping, and the APIE process (Wilson et al., 2006). CCLS use theory to assess, plan, and provide appropriate interventions to promote optimal care of patients.

Pathway to work with AI: Testing the clAIr role development method in an industrial work environment

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in work processes requires the anticipatory change of work roles because areas of activity are shifting within job profiles, resulting in new interaction patterns between humans and AI and between employees. In order to avoid role conflicts, rejection of the AI system and other undesirable side effects of AI integration, organizations must support human-AI role development with suitable measures. This article presents a methodologically sound approach to role development (clarifying AI Augmented individual roles—clAIr) using the example of service technicians in a mechanical engineering company before and during the introduction of AI-based services. It illustrates how role clarity can be achieved in the interaction with AI when job profiles shift and how role development also includes collaboration with other departments and goal-oriented external communication with customers. The method results in six basic roles that are rooted in role theory in terms of role identity, role innovation, and role clarity. clAIr allows the anticipatory examination of human-AI work roles as a process-based approach.Practical Relevance: Due to the rapidly advancing development of AI in work processes, there is a need in organizations for scientifically validated findings and examples of good practice for successful work with AI. A socio-technical approach with a focus on the changes in role identities of professionals is promising, as the anticipated development of tasks and professions resulting from AI use can only be countered with a comprehensive approach. Previous work refers to human-centered job designs but neglects the preceding process of role identification as a key challenge of implementation. This process support is made possible by the clAIr method for determining roles for working with AI. Its use requires an understanding of role theory and expertise in organizational development.

The 3H and Spiral Dynamics Models: A Reconciliation

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between the Spiral Dynamics and the 3H (head, heart, hands) models of human growth and development, using constructs such as empathy, moral reasoning, forgiveness, and community mindedness that have been shown to have implications for education. The specific research question is, "Can a combination of multivariate statistical techniques be utilized to find an alignment between the dimensions of these models?" We focus on practical and data-driven approaches with the primary methods including factor analysis, cluster analysis, and logistic regression. Our main finding is that the proposed methodology is robust and applicable in a variety of operational scenarios. We conclude it is feasible to empirically align and reconcile dimensions of seemingly disparate theories of educational development and human evolution with a data analysis framework based on mainstream quantitative techniques that can be easily implemented using readily available statistical software packages.

The Capgras delusion in the United Kingdom. From 1933 to the present: A clinical theoretical review

The first clinical case report of the Capgras Delusion in the British literature appeared in 1933, a decade after the seminal article by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux. The author endeavoured to explain it psychodynamically on the basis of Freud's theory of infantile sexual development, arguing that it was due to a mental mechanism peculiar to women. Despite often ill founded and convoluted, psychodynamic formulations held sway for several decades until cases occurring in toxic-metabolic and structural brain disorders were described. However, by the 1990's it was recognised that the presence of brain dysfunction did not in itself explain the delusion. What was needed in addition was an appropriate cognitive theory of the mechanisms underlying the delusion. The advent of cognitive neuropsychiatry, pioneered by the late Hadyn Ellis, provided a framework for a more systematic and predictive approach to our understanding of delusional misidentification.

Becoming crisis‐ready: A systematic literature review on corporate crisis readiness and the process to achieving it

AbstractAs global crises become increasingly complex and intertwined, crisis readiness has emerged as a pivotal factor for an organisation's survival. Despite a growing, interdisciplinary corpus of research underscoring the necessity for systematic crisis management and strategic communication, a comprehensive understanding of corporate crisis readiness and methodologies for its achievement remain elusive and inadequately addressed. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review, meticulously analysing 7287 articles to identify 40 eligible studies from 1987 to 2022. Through inductive content analysis and narrative synthesis, we have delineated the concept of crisis readiness and devised a comprehensive 10‐step process framework that organisations are advised to implement in preparation for potential crises. This investigation enriches the academic dialogue on crisis readiness by integrating insights from strategic management, crisis handling, organisational development, and learning theories. This offers a more nuanced understanding of how organisations can equip themselves for crisis situations. Additionally, our study sheds light on promising directions for future research in this vital field.

Extending a rational process model of causal reasoning: Assessing Markov violations and explaining away with inhibitory causal relations.

Causes sometimes decrease rather increase the probability of an effect, as when drinking coffee lowers the probability of sleep or an aspirin eliminates a headache. This research tests how two causal reasoning errors that have influenced the development of theories of human causal reasoning manifest themselves in the presence of inhibitory causal relations. Past research with generative causal relations (a cause makes its effect more probable) has shown that people violate the Markov condition, the pattern of independence that should obtain among causally related variables. And it has shown that they explain away-the phenomenon in which one should lower likelihood of one event when another is discovered to have occurred (e.g., exonerating one murder suspect when evidence against another is found)-too little or not at all. The new empirical findings reported here reveal that both sorts of errors manifest themselves when inhibitory causal relations are present although, unexpectedly, the direction of those errors sometimes reverses. Only the mutation sampler, a rational process model of human causal reasoning, correctly predicted these novel empirical findings. These results support the view that causal reasoning errors can be understood as arising from rational inference constrained by limited cognitive resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Lev Gutman—A Pioneer in Theoretical Mesoscale Meteorology

Abstract On 5 March 2023, Professor Lev Gutman would have been 100 years old. This article describes Professor Gutman’s legacy in the field of dynamic mesoscale meteorology and numerical weather prediction. Gutman developed his career as a mathematician and meteorologist in the Soviet Union, where he built a school of specialists in mesoscale meteorology from the 1950s through the 1970s. He primarily worked on analytical methods to solve complex nonlinear problems, such as the structure of sea breezes, mountain–valley circulations, and thermal convection over heated terrain. Gutman pioneered the development of theories of cumulus clouds, tornadoes, and other atmospheric phenomena. In the 1960s, he carried out numerous research investigations on these topics with his doctoral students and collaborators at the High-Altitude Geophysical Institute in Nalchik in the northern Caucasus and later at the Siberian Scientific Center near Novosibirsk. Gutman compiled the results from these studies into a monograph titled “Introduction to the Nonlinear Theory of Mesoscale Meteorological Processes,” which was published in Russian in 1969 and later translated into English, Chinese, and Japanese. This monograph became a major textbook for specialists in mesoscale meteorology, remaining relevant to this day. After Professor Gutman immigrated to Israel in 1978, his collaborations expanded to include Israeli and western scientists from Europe and the United States. Gutman did not receive the recognition he deserved due to the political realities of the time. His book and his seminal analytical solutions should still be useful for early career scientists in mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric dynamics.

Approaching Academic Advising of Undergraduate Students in HDFS Through the Lenses of Identity Development Theories

Many colleges and universities utilize faculty advisors for academic advising. In this model, faculty advise students in their discipline on curriculum requirements, as well as career and academic goals. Faculty often report feeling that they have had little training or support for their role as an academic advisor. Faculty advisors in the field of human development and family science (HDFS), however, are uniquely positioned for academic advising as they are trained experts in many of the known factors associated with effective advising. One area closely related to advising that HDFS faculty are highly knowledgeable about is identity development and exploration. Therefore, HDFS faculty can utilize their in-depth knowledge of Erikson’s, Marcia’s, and Arnett’s theories of development to inform their role as advisors.

Pelvic floor muscle training for female urinary incontinence: development of a programme theory from a longitudinal qualitative case study

BackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) negatively affects the well-being of women globally. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a complex intervention that aims to decrease UI symptoms. Information about how the multiple complex components involved in PFMT achieve and maintain the desired effect are rarely studied as a whole. The evidence base lacks data about how women experience PFMT over time and in the longer-term. This study explored women’s experiences of biofeedback-assisted PFMT and PFMT alone, to identify and understand what influenced self-reported adherence to PFMT, and UI outcomes over time.MethodsThis rigorous longitudinal qualitative case study, nested within a randomised controlled trial, recruited forty cases (women with stress or mixed UI; 20 in biofeedback-assisted and 20 in PFMT alone group). A case included up to four semi-structured interviews with each woman (prior to starting PFMT, end of treatment [6 months], 12 months, 24 months). Analysis followed case study analytic traditions, resulting in a Programme Theory about PFMT from the perspectives of women with UI.FindingsThe theory demonstrates factors that motivated women to seek UI treatment, and how these influenced long-term adherence. Therapists who delivered PFMT played a crucial role in supporting women to know how to undertake PFMT (to have capability). Some, but not all, women developed self-efficacy for PFMT. Where women did not have PFMT self-efficacy, adherence tended to be poor. When women had PFMT self-efficacy, the conditions to support adherence were present, but contextual factors could still intercede to inhibit adherence. The intercession of contextual factors was individual to a woman and her life, meaning any particular contextual factor had inconsistent influences on PFMT adherence over time for individual women and exerted varying influences across different women.ConclusionLong term adherence to PFMT is a complex interaction between many different factors. Enquiring about an individual woman’s motivation to seek treatment and understanding the contextual factors that affect an individual woman will enable a practitioner to support longer-term adherence.

A Study on Foreign Language Learning Anxiety and Enjoyment of English Major Postgraduates

With the development of humanism, positive psychology and other related theories and practices, foreign language enjoyment and self-efficacy have also received more and more attention and research. Through literature review, the research on foreign language enjoyment is limited in China, and the research on English majors is even more limited. Therefore, this study chooses English major postgraduates as the special research object, aiming at putting forward useful suggestions for promoting students' academic and professional development.

Stages and main tasks of the century-long control theory and system identification development. Part VI. Model predictive control

The article is devoted to one of the relatively new areas in the field of control theory and practice, called model predictive control. The ideas underlying it, the connection with the theory of optimal control and numerical methods for solving optimization problems are described. It should be noted that currently the number of problems solved and control systems developed within the framework of this approach has come out on top in comparison with all others. This is evidenced by numerous publications concerning the theory and practical application of control methods and algorithms using a predictive model. The main distinctive feature of this method is that the control is not synthesized in advance, but is calculated directly during the operation of the system, i.e. at the current time. This made it possible, with such control, to implement original feedback that ensures stabilization of the process when the model is inaccurate and there is uncertainty associated with existing disturbances and measurements. It describes how such feedback is organized based on current measurement data. In this case, there is no need to interpret somehow the nature of the disturbances and errors acting on the system. Much attention in the article is paid to the possibilities that are admitted with this method of control. The model predictive control method seems especially attractive for systems with discrete impulse processes that are well described with using cognitive maps. It is considered an example of cognitive modeling of evolutionary demographic processes in Ukraine and the possibility of control them using a predictive model, when the model contains unstable eigenvalues. When solving problems of predictive control, it is proposed to use trajectory models, which directly follow from the Cauchy formula, in particular for discrete systems, instead of a local description in the state space. This makes it possible to take into account, when solving predictive control problems, how well or poorly controlled, observable or identifiable the system is. Non-standard capabilities of this method with a trajectory description appear during terminal control on a sliding interval with a finite horizon. A number of original formulations of terminal control problems are presented in the article and some of their properties are described.

(Re)Incorporating “the Tangible” in Industrial Path Development Analyses: The Role of Sociomaterial Contingencies in Explaining Potential Emergence of Hydrogen Production in Western Norway

Studies of industrial path development, a literature strongly influenced by evolutionary economic geography and systems of innovation theorizing, have an analytical focus on how interplays between actors, networks, and institutions, what we term social contingencies, shape industrial development in geographic areas. Tying into earlier calls in the literature, we argue that the emphasis on social contingencies has led to limited analytical attention to how material contingencies are also influential in shaping how and where industries develop. Based on this, we develop an analytical framework for studying sociomaterial contingencies for industrial path development in geographic contexts. Consequently, and echoing early path development theory, we argue for considering the breadth of dimensions underpinning industrial path development and their interplay, considering both intangible and tangible explanators without reducing either of these categories on behalf of the other. We discuss our approach in an exemplifying discussion of potential industrialization of hydrogen production in Western Norway to illustrate how assessment of sociomaterial contingencies adds analytical utility to the industrial path development literature.

185th anniversary of the cell theory and modern cell technologies

The article briefly reviews the history of the development of the cell theory in the 19th century and analyses the contribution of its authors Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow. Particular attention is paid to the development of the cell theory and its practical significance, in particular, the invention in the 20th century and further development of cell technologies. The main characteristics of cultured cells and tissues in vitro as a new experimentally created biological system are presented, and the peculiarities of the establishment of strains of cultured plant cells are discussed. Using plants as an example, the genomic variability of somatic cells is analysed both during ontogeny and in the course of their culturing in vitro. It is assumed that any somatic cell with a living (functionally active) nucleus, when isolated and subsequently cultured in vitro can restore in its offspring, including regenerated plants, the genetic polymorphism inherent in this plant species as a result of dedifferentiation and “somaclonal” variability (the latter is assumed to occur according to the N. I. Vavilov’s law of homologous series in variation). It ispostulated that a plant is a system of cell populations characterised by the plasticity of its gene pool, which is based on genome plasticity of somatic cells, which, in interaction with cellular selection, ensures the adaptability of the plant as an integral organism and creates the possibility of inheritance (transmission to offspring) of adaptive genomic changes acquired during ontogeny. It is concluded that the adaptive traits of an organism are determined by the adaptive changes in the cells, which composed it. The author also examines the main directions of modern cell technologies and their application in crop production, in medicine for the treatment and creation of new organs using stem cells, as well as in the food industry on the example of the development of technologies for the production of artificial meat using animal stem cells, etc. It is concluded that the issue of cell adaptations remains one of the most important and still insufficiently understood issues of modern biology.

Capitalization of a corporate trade enterprise: the genesis of the definition and approaches to management

The paper identifies the genesis of theories of capitalization, which demonstrates the evolution of economic thought from simple ideas of wealth accumulation to complex models that take into account technological innovation, human capital, and institutional factors. It is shown that the development of individual theories reflects a fundamental understanding of the laws of formation, distribution and use of capital to stimulate economic growth and development. It was established that capitalization as an economic category is an important indicator of the financial potential of enterprises and markets, derived from the theories of capital, value, and resources. The main forms of capitalization are defined: financial, market, internal. Management of capitalization processes and results focuses on taking into account internal and external factors. This logic allows enterprises to adapt to post-industrial changes, increase their competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth in the conditions of a globalized economy. It has been proven that the effective management of the capitalization of the enterprise includes a comprehensive approach that covers financial planning, investment management, optimization of working capital, capital attraction, restructuring and implementation of innovations. The use of these methods allows enterprises to grow and increase their competitiveness. It is argued that the increase in capitalization is a strategic task for trade enterprises, which ensures their long-term growth and development based on the activation of investment activities by renewing assets, introducing the latest technologies, expanding the range of goods and improving the efficiency of operations. The concepts of anti-crisis management, category management, and integrated risk management are systematized, within the framework of which the equity of a corporate trading enterprise is considered the main source of capitalization growth. Their practical use requires the formalization of the relationship between the amount and level of equity capital with indicators of financial status, risk assessment, business activity and sales volume.

Formation of the prerequisites of the analysis of investment activities to the era of the establishment of the market economy

The paper is devoted to the study of the prerequisites for the development of investment activity analysis before the era of the formation of a market economy in the countries of European civilization. In the 21st century, investment activity has gained particular importance, and understanding the historical aspects of economic relations and accounting practices is crucial for its effective analysis. For this purpose, the paper systematizes and periodizes the stages of development of accounting and economic analysis, starting from the early civilizations up to the end of the 19th century. The research employs a comprehensive set of methods, including dialectical, historical, abstract-logical, methods of induction and deduction, as well as expert evaluation and comparison methods. The application of these methods allowed for the identification of patterns in the development of accounting and economic activity analysis in connection with the evolution of socio-economic relations. Significant attention is given to the analysis of the stages of accounting development, starting from its primitive forms in a natural economy to the emergence of complex accounting and analysis systems in the context of expanding commodity-money relations and the establishment of capitalist relations. The development of economic theory concepts, particularly mercantilism, physiocracy, classical and neoclassical theories, which influenced the formation of approaches to accounting and analysis, is also examined. The research results indicate that the development of investment activity was closely linked with the evolution of economic relations, the growth of production scales, trade, and financial market services. Important prerequisites for the formation of investment analysis included the emergence of the institution of property, the development of commodity-money relations, and the need to account for and analyze capital to manage resources effectively. The paper also systematizes information about the formation of investment analysis, which initially had an empirical nature and, with the development of accounting and economic theory, adopted a systematic approach. This laid the foundation for modern investment analysis, which is an important tool for making managerial decisions in a market economy. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of a historical approach to studying the development of accounting and analysis, which allows for a better understanding of modern trends and challenges in the field of investment activity.

Remarkable results obtained when studying a question concerning the invariant set of an IFS

Some years ago, a question was raised about whether an iterated function system consisting of a finite number of Reich (or Kannan) contractions (generally discontinuous contractive mappings) has a unique compact invariant set. In this article, we give remarkable results obtained by studying previous research articles that tried to answer this question positively and previous counterexamples that demonstrate that this question is negatively answered. Our results strongly encourage the development of fractal theory because the existence, uniqueness, compactness and boundedness of invariant sets with respect to functional families are one of the main research topics in the theory of fractals.

Analisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan usaha wisata berbasis industri kreatif di Kampung Wisata Kreatif Cigadung

Background: This research is based on the development system in KWK Cigadung which has not yet run optimally and the phenomenon of economic disparity that occurs among business actors who still stand individually. Findings: The aim of this research is to analyze the forms of community participation in the development of creative tourism businesses in the Creative Tourism Village of Cigadung. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study with data triangulation techniques through observation, documentation, and interviews conducted with related community communities. The theory of community participation and the theory of business development) served as the basis for analyzing community participation and identifying the potential and obstacles of participation in business development. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the dominant form of participation is demonstrated by business actors through their skill potential in creative product diversification, skill training, and batik workshops as well as cultural performances. The participation provided contributes significantly to the increase in income and product quality for several business actors. However, the main obstacle found is the lack of participation from human resources in supporting development and a poorly coordinated management system, limited management in compiling tourism packages causing disparities among business actors, and suboptimal marketing strategies. Recommendations from this research include evaluation and improvement of community meetings for program development, development of structured tourism packages through community collaboration in combining diverse attractions, and enhancement of digital marketing strategies through collaboration with stakeholders.

Effect of Culinary Tourism on Local Economic Development in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of culinary tourism on local economic development in South Africa. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed this form of tourism, centered around experiencing local cuisine and food-related activities, contributes to the economic vitality of a region by attracting visitors who spend on dining, food tours, cooking classes, and local food markets. These expenditures generate revenue for local businesses, including restaurants, farmers, food producers, and hospitality services, thereby creating job opportunities and stimulating economic growth. Additionally, culinary tourism fosters the preservation and promotion of local food culture and heritage, which can enhance a destination's unique appeal and competitiveness. This tourism niche often leads to increased demand for local ingredients, thereby supporting agricultural sectors and encouraging sustainable farming practices. Furthermore, the development of food festivals and culinary events can boost off-season tourism, providing a steadier stream of income for local economies. Overall, culinary tourism not only enhances the economic landscape but also reinforces community identity and pride, making it a valuable component of regional development strategies. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social exchange theory, multiplier effect theory and sustainable tourism development theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of culinary tourism on local economic development in South Africa. To mitigate local governments, businesses, and community organizations should work together to create cohesive culinary tourism strategies. Policymakers should create frameworks that encourage sustainable culinary tourism practices.