Development Of Test System Research Articles

Development and application of indoor digital drilling test systems

Digital drilling tests provide a new means to realise the real-time acquisition of surrounding rock parameters. In situ rock drilling can provide more reliable strength quality parameters for rocks compared with indoor experiments. Moreover, it is more capable than existing in situ rock testing methods, such as point load and cone penetration tests. This paper introduces an independently developed digital drilling test system for real triaxial rock indoors and carries out digital drilling tests of different lithological materials based on this system. The result shows that the indoor digital drilling test system has good monitoring performance and high stability in the drilling speed – steady revolution speed control mode. An active quantitative control test, a standard for constant drilling and rotation speed, is proposed, which has practical application.

A simple and effective aerosol pathogen disinfection test for a flowing air disinfector

Aerosol transmission is an important disease transmission route and has been especially pertinent to hospital and biosafety laboratories during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The thermal resistance of airborne SARS-CoV-2 is lower than that of Bacillus subtilis spores, which are often used to test the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogen disinfection methods. Herein, we propose a new method to test the disinfection ability of a flowing air disinfector (a digital electromagnetic induction air heater) using B. subtilis spores. The study provides an alternative air disinfection test method. The new test system combined an aerosol generator and a respiratory filter designed in-house and could effectively recover spores on the filter membrane at the air outlet after passing through the flowing air disinfector. The total number of bacterial spores used in the test was within the range of 5 × 105–5 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) specified in the technical standard for disinfection. The calculation was based on the calculation method in Air Disinfection Effect Appraisal Test in Technical Standard for Disinfection (2002 Edition). At an air speed of 3.5 m/s, we used a digital electromagnetic induction air heater to disinfect flowing air containing 4.100 × 106 CFUs of B. subtilis spores and determined that the minimum disinfection temperature was 350 °C for a killing rate of 99.99%. At 400 °C, additional experiments using higher spore concentrations (4.700 × 106 ± 1.871 × 105 CFU) and a higher airspeed (4 m/s) showed that the killing rate remained>99.99%. B. subtilis spores, as a biological indicator for testing the efficiency of dry-heat sterilization, were killed by the high temperatures used in this system. The proposed method used to test the flowing air disinfector is simple, stable, and effective. This study provides a reference for the development of test systems that can assess the disinfection ability of flowing air disinfectors.

Real-Time Hybrid Testing of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using a Surrogate-Based Aerodynamic Emulator

AbstractPhysical modeling of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is challenging due to the complexities associated with the simultaneous application of two different scaling laws, governing the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loading on the structure. To avoid these issues, this paper presents a real-time hybrid testing (RTHT) strategy in which a feedback loop, consisting of an on-board fan and control algorithm, is utilized to emulate the aerodynamic forces acting on the FOWT system. Here, we apply this strategy to a 70th-scale IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine mounted on a version of the VolturnUS-S platform. Unlike other similar methods, which directly simulate the aerodynamic loads for the fan’s control using an aerodynamic code running in parallel with the experiment, this example utilizes a surrogate model trained on numerical model data calculated in advance. This strategy enables high-fidelity numerical model data, or even physical data, to be included in the aerodynamic emulation, by removing the requirement for real-time simulation, and, therefore, potentially enables more accurate loading predictions to be used in the experiments. This paper documents the development of the real-time hybrid testing system in the Coastal Ocean And Sediment Transport (COAST) Laboratory at the University of Plymouth in the UK, including the hardware, software, and instrumentation setup, and demonstrates the power of the surrogate-based aerodynamic emulator based on numerical data calculated using OpenFAST.

A readout system for monolithic pixel sensor prototypes towards the upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System

The ALICE experiment at CERN is developing an innovative third iteration of the three innermost layers of the Inner Tracking System (ITS3) to be installed during the Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2026–28) [1]. Based on a commercial 65 nm CMOS imaging technology by TowerJazz [2], it consists of truly cylindrical wafer-scale sensors that can be installed as close as 18 mm to the interaction point. In order to validate the technology, several test chips were produced in a first submission named Multi-Layer Reticle 1 (MLR1). This contribution will describe the development, features, and performance of a custom test system for some of the prototypes in MLR1, namely Analogue and Digital Pixel Test Structures (APTS and DPTS, respectively) and pixel matrices with rolling shutter readout (CE65).

Development and Validation of Testing System for Automated Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Multibeam Near-Field Measurement

To ensure millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio system performance, multiple beam-steered radiation patterns of phased arrays are required to be measured in conventional antenna measurement ranges. This is typically done by sequentially measuring the radiation pattern of phased array under test (AUT) with the AUT mechanically rotating in a far-field setup for each steered beam in a beam-lock mode. However, the conventional pattern measurement procedure for mmWave phased arrays with multiple beams is time-consuming and costly due to the repetitive mechanical rotation and the use of far-field anechoic chamber. The problem becomes even more pronounced for mmWave phased arrays with large-scale antenna configuration due to many more beam states and more directive beam patterns. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel near-field multi-beam measurement system for mmWave phased arrays, which offers unique advantages in terms of short measurement time, support for full automation, no need for mechanical rotation, compact measurement setup and low system cost. For the pattern with its beam steered to any given direction can be reconstructed based on the AUT element patterns retrieved from a few sparse measurement samples. In this work, the principle and effectiveness of the proposed measurement system have been firstly validated by electromagnetic simulations with CST Studio Suite. Besides, a practical system prototype has been built and experimentally validated where the near-field reconstructed multi-beam patterns are shown to match well with the far-field target patterns in terms of beam direction, beam gain, and pattern similarity percentage.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК МАШИНОВИПРОБУВАЛЬНОЇ СПРАВИ В УКРНДІПВТ ІМ. Л. ПОГОРІЛОГО

Summary The purpose of this work is to describe the historical path of the formation and development of the machine testing system and the creation and development of the main scientific institution of Ukraine for testing agricultural machinery and technologies – L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT. Methods: historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject based on the principles of comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Results. It is known that the machine testing system performs an important scientific-technical and public-societal function, which connects agricultural production and agricultural machine building from the standpoint of accelerated testing of new machines and equipment and timely forecasting of directions for the development of competitive machinery and technologies, implementation of state and industry standards, protection environment, information and consumer protection. Today, these important functions are assigned to L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT – one of the leading state scientific and testing institutions of Ukraine, which unites the main research institute for forecasting and testing of agricultural machinery and technologies and zonal testing organizations (Lviv, South Ukrainian and Kharkiv branches) into a single scientific and testing institution. The stages of formation and development of the machine testing industry highlighted in this work include the activities of the Ukrainian Zonal Machine Testing Station (UkrMVS, 1948-1976), the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Testing Machines and Equipment for Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production (VNDIVMOT, 1976-1991); Ukrainian Research Institute for Forecasting of Equipment and Technologies for Agricultural Production (UkrNDIPVT, since 1991), which on December 26, 2003 was named after a well-known test scientist in Ukraine and abroad, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, doctor of technical Sciences, Professor Leonid Pogorilyy. The main areas of research and testing activities of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT named after in the light of modern problems and tasks are presented. Keywords: machine testing, agriculture, agricultural technologies, L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT

Obtaining a strain-producer of the recombinant rbd antigen of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a new coronavirus that caused the worldwide pandemic of the human respiratory disease COVID-19. To detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus in environmental objects and in clinical samples, molecular genetic (PCR), immunological (ELISA, IHA), virological research methods are used. The purpose of this study was to obtain a strain-producer of the recombinant protein Spike_RBD, with an introduced hex histidine label, for its subsequent development, chromatographic purification and use in the development of experimental kits for the immunological diagnosis of COVID-19 in humans and to assess the intensity of the cellular and humoral immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to create a genetic construct for the expression of Spike RBD antigen in Escherichia coli cells; 2) to obtain a Spike RBD antigen producer strain; 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of Spike RBD antigen expression by a producer strain. The relevance of the work is related to the production and use of recombinant RBD antigen of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as to the development of diagnostic test systems.

Development and Verification of a ROS-Based Multi-DOF Flight Test System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in many research fields for diverse operations, requiring the system to be safe and efficient. Therefore, the UAV system’s robustness and integrity are paramount in its design and operation. For these design and operational requirements, we propose a robot operating system (ROS) based multi-degree of freedom (DOF) flight test framework for the safe development, verification, and validation of UAVs. The developed flight test system includes a test bench capable of moving freely in 4 DOF, an electronic control unit (ECU) for collecting data from sensors and running the operation software, a power supply unit (PSU) to power up each device, an operation software tools developed in ROS for seamless integration of the software and hardware systems, and a wind tunnel for simulating the flight environment. The fidelity of the flight test framework was verified through experimental tests conducted on a rocket-propelled foldable unmanned aerial vehicle under development.

Development of an Online Psychological Test System for Sports Practitioners to Support Performance Improvement and Exercise Continuation

Development of an Online Psychological Test System for Sports Practitioners to Support Performance Improvement and Exercise Continuation

Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web untuk Pengelolaan Unit Jalan Rel dan Jembatan di PT Kereta Api (Persero) Divre IV Tanjung Karang Barat

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) is a company engaged in land transportation. PT KAI employees work in units, one of which is the JJ unit in charge of recording and checking roads and railways. PT KAI (Persero) has implemented an e-Office Information System to facilitate employees' work, but the system does not fully support the JJ Unit. As a result, the JJ Unit has problems where there is a lack of time efficiency when recording work tools, staffing structures, and tracking data that still use Microsoft Excel. One solution to this problem was created: a web-based Rail Road and Bridge Unit Information System at PT KAI (Persero) Divre IV Tanjung Karang. The purpose of this research is to facilitate data searches and data updates needed in the JJ Unit. The stages of this research are data collection, system design, system development, and system testing. The result of this research is the information system of the Rail Road and Bridge Unit at PT KAI (Persero) Divre IV Tanjung Karang based on the Web. This information system was developed with PHP programming, supported by MySQL as the database. The Balsamiq MockUp application was used to design the system interface in the design phase. The system has been tested with BlackBox testing and is supported by results that are as expected. This information system has four levels of users: Senior Manager, Junior Manager, Head Office Staff, and users in each resort and station. Thus, it can be concluded that the Website-based Rail Road and Bridge Unit Information System has been successfully developed using the Waterfall method and using the PHP programming language assisted by MySQL as a database.

An alternative in vitro model considering cell-cell interactions in fiber-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Particularly since the wide-ranging health effects of asbestos exposure became known, great emphasis has been placed on detailed toxicity testing of known but also newly developed fiber materials. Exposure to respirable pollutants like fibers can lead to tissue injury causing lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis or cancer. In order to detect the toxic potential of such aerosols at an early stage, the development of suitable test systems is essential. In this study, we illustrate the development of an advanced in vitro cell model closely resembling the physiological structure of the alveoli, and we highlight its advantages over simpler models to predict pro-fibrotic changes. For this reason, we analyzed the cytotoxic effects of fiber-like multi-walled carbon nanotubes after 24 and 48 h exposure, and we investigated inflammatory, genotoxic and pro-fibrotic changes occurring in the developed triple culture consisting of lung epithelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts compared to a co-culture of epithelial cells and fibroblasts or a mono culture of epithelial cells. In summary, the triple culture system is more precisely able to detect a pro-fibrotic phenotype including epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as secondary genotoxicity, even if exhibiting lower cytotoxicity in contrast to the less advanced systems. These effects might be traced back to the complex interplay between the different cell types, all of which play an important role in the inflammatory response, which precedes wound healing, or even fibrosis or cancer development.

Rapid Detection of Lipopolysaccharide and Whole Cells of Francisella tularensis Based on Agglutination of Antibody-Coated Gold Nanoparticles and Colorimetric Registration.

The paper presents development and characterization of a new bioanalytical test system for rapid detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whole cells of Francisella tularensis, a causative agent of tularemia, in water samples. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated by the obtained anti-LPS monoclonal antibodies were used for the assay. Their contact with antigen in tested samples leads to aggregation with a shift of absorption spectra from red to blue. Photometric measurements at 530 nm indicated the analyte presence. Three preparations of AuNPs with different diameters were compared, and the AuNPs having average diameter of 34 nm were found to be optimal. The assay is implemented in 20 min and is characterized by detection limits equal to 40 ng/mL for LPS and 3 × 104 CFU/mL for whole cells of F. tularensis. Thus, the proposed simple one-step assay integrates sensitivity comparable with other immunoassay of microorganisms and rapidity. Selectivity of the assay for different strains of F. tularensis was tested and the possibility to choose its variants with the use of different antibodies to distinguish virulent and non-virulent strains or to detect both kinds of F. tularensis was found. The test system has been successfully implemented to reveal the analyte in natural and tap water samples without the loss of sensitivity.

The rs17713054 and rs1800629 polymorphisms of genes LZTFL1 and TNF are associated with COVID-19 severity

Both genetic and non-genetic factors are responsible for high interindividual variability in response to SARS-CoV-2. Despite the fact that multiple genetic polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors of severe COVID-19, such polymorphisms are still insufficiently studied in the Russian population. The study was aimed to identify genetic determinants associated with severe COVID-19 in the sample of patients from the Russian Federation. The correlation of the rs17713054 polymorphism in gene LZTFL1 and rs1800629 polymorphism in gene TNF (tumor necrosis factor) with the COVID-19 severity was assessed. DNA samples obtained from 713 patients (324 males and 389 females) aged 18‒95 with COVID-19 of varying severity were analyzed. The rs1800629 polymorphism of gene TNF (OR = 1.5; p = 0.02) and rs17713054 polymorphism of gene LZTFL1 (OR = 1.60; p = 0.0043) were identified as risk factors of severe disease. The TNF polymorphism rs1800629 and LZTFL1 polymorphism rs17713054 could be considered as potential predictive biomarkers. The rs17713054 G > A polymorphism was strongly associated with severe disease. In the future the findings may provide the basis for the development of test-systems for prediction of the risk of severe viral respiratory diseases.

Generation of reproducible model freshwater particulate matter analogues to study the interaction with particulate contaminants

Aquatic fate models and risk assessment require experimental information on the potential of contaminants to interact with riverine suspended particulate matter (SPM). While for dissolved contaminants partition or sorption coefficients are used, the underlying assumption of chemical equilibrium is invalid for particulate contaminants, such as engineered nanomaterials, incidental nanoparticles, micro- or nanoplastics. Their interactions with SPM are governed by physicochemical forces between contaminant-particle and SPM surfaces. The availability of a standard SPM material is thus highly relevant for the development of reproducible test systems to evaluate the fate of particulate contaminants in aquatic systems. Finding suitable SPM analogues, however, is challenging considering the complex composition of natural SPM, which features floc-like structures comprising minerals and organic components from the molecular to the microorganism level. Complex composition comes with a heterogeneity in physicochemical surface properties, that cannot be neglected. We developed a procedure to generate SPM analogue flocs from components selected to represent the most abundant and crucial constituents of natural riverine SPM, and the process-relevant SPM surface characteristics regarding interactions with particulate contaminants. Four components, i.e., illite, hematite, quartz and tryptophan, combined at environmentally realistic mass-ratios, were associated to complex flocs. Flocculation was reproducible regarding floc size and fractal dimension, and multiple tests on floc resilience towards physical impacts (agitation, sedimentation-storage-resuspension, dilution) and hydrochemical changes (pH, electrolytes, dissolved organic matter concentration) confirmed their robustness. These reproducible, ready-to-use SPM analogue flocs will strongly support future research on emerging particulate contaminants.

248 Effect of Myrciaria Dubia on in vitro Tattoo model

Insertion of pigments under the skin to create tattoos is around since about 6 000 years old (Neolithic period). Nowadays, United States have more than 20 000 tattoo parlors with one more opening every day. 36% of Americans between the age of 18 and 29 have at least one tattoo. Among the population with tattoos, 70% have more than one and 20% have more than five. 32% of people with tattoos claim that they are addicted to ink. The increasing number of tattooed persons urges the development of reliable test systems to assess tattoo associated risks (phototoxicity, inflammation, sensitization, etc.).

Novel dalbavancin-PLLA implant coating prevents hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus infection in a minimally invasive mouse tail vein model.

Infective/bacterial endocarditis is a rare but life-threatening disease with a hospital mortality rate of 22.7% and a 1-year mortality rate of 40%. Therefore, continued research efforts to develop efficient anti-infective implant materials are of the utmost importance. Equally important is the development of test systems that allow the performance of new materials to be comprehensively evaluated. In this study, a novel antibacterial coating based on dalbavancin was tested in comparison to rifampicin/minocycline, and the suitability of a recently developed mouse tail vein model for testing the implant coatings was validated. Small polymeric stent grafts coated with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) layer and incorporated antibiotics were colonized with Staphylococcus (S.) aureus before implantation into the tail vein of mice. The main assessment criteria were the hematogenous spread of the bacteria and the local tissue reaction to the contaminated implant. For this purpose, colony-forming units (CFU) in the blood, spleen and kidneys were determined. Tail cross sections were prepared for histological analysis, and plasma cytokine levels and expression values of inflammation-associated genes were examined. Both antibiotic coatings performed excellently, preventing the onset of infection. The present study expands the range of available methods for testing the anti-infectivity of cardiovascular implants, and the spectrum of agents for effective surface coating.

Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) NW Tanak Mira Wanasaba

The 2013 curriculum is one of the important components in education which in its implementation must be carried out and functioned as optimally as possible in accordance with their respective roles including learning Arabic in the 2013 curriculum which is part of Islamic religious education and also the language of the Qur'an which was revealed in Arabic form. The purpose of this research is to examine more deeply the problems of implementing the 2013 curriculum in learning Arabic, especially at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) NW Tanak Mira Wanasaba. The research method used is qualitative research. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation in which data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data display and data conclusion. To obtain the validity of the data is done by means of the level of trust (credibility), transferability (transferability), the level of dependability (dependability) and trust testing. The results of the research conducted show that the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in learning Arabic, especially at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) NW Tanak Mira Wanasaba is carried out with student-centered, interactive learning activities. starting with muhadatsah in each lesson, using a network environment. is actively investigating, uses real-world contexts, empowers the rules of attachment, uses stimulation in all directions, is cooperative, is multi-conscious in nature, learning activities towards multidisciplinary knowledge and is autonomous and trustful and learning is critical and from imparting knowledge to knowledge exchange including syllabus development, class-based testing system development, life skill integration into syllabus and learning model modification.

Development of Lateral Flow Test-System for the Immunoassay of Dibutyl Phthalate in Natural Waters

The use of a large amount of toxic synthetic materials leads to an increase in the pollution of environmental objects. Phthalates are compounds structurally related to esters of phthalic acid that are widely used in the manufacturing of synthetic packaging materials as plasticizers. Their danger is conditioned by leaching into the environment and penetrating into living organisms with negative consequences and effects on various organs and tissues. This work presents the first development of lateral flow immunoassay to detect dibutyl phthalate, one of the most common representatives of the phthalates group. To form a test zone, a hapten-protein conjugate was synthesized, and gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies to dibutyl phthalate were used as a detecting conjugate. The work includes the preparation of immunoreagents, selectivity investigation, and the study of the characteristics of the medium providing a reliable optical signal. Under the selected conditions for the analysis, the detection limit was 33.4 ng/mL, and the working range of the determined concentrations was from 42.4 to 1500 ng/mL. Time of the assay-15 min. The developed technique was successfully applied to detect dibutyl phthalate in natural waters with recovery rates from 75 to 115%.

Optimization of purification conditions and study of antigenic properties of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of different SARS-CoV-2 strains

BACKGROUND: In the context of the constant manifestation of new SARS-CoV-2 strains and the need to determine the immunogenicity of new variants of antiviral vaccines, it is necessary to create diagnostic test systems based on conservative viral proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein can be considered as a candidate antigen. However, the relevance of existing test systems based on it for determining the titer of antibodies produced in response to infection by recently emerging strains is unknown.
 AIM: The goal is to optimize the conditions for obtaining recombinant N proteins of various SARS-CoV-2 strains and to analyze the possibility of creating ELISA test systems based on them.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacterial strains producing N proteins were obtained by amplifying the corresponding genes and ligating them into the pETDuet-1 expression vector. Expression was induced at 20 or 37C for 1, 2, 4, or 20 h using inducer (IPTG) concentrations of 0.1 mM or 0.5 mM with or without the addition of 3% ethanol. Proteins were purified from biomass by metal affinity chromatography and used as antigens for the detection of antiviral antibodies by ELISA.
 RESULTS: It was found that the concentration of the inductor sufficient for the expression of recombinant proteins is 0.1 mM, the induction time is 1 h, and the required temperature is 37 C. The influence of the presence of ethanol as an expression-stimulating reagent was not revealed. When determining the titers of antiviral antibodies using the obtained proteins, cross-reactivity of serums of COVID-19 convalescents was established regarding to antigens of various SARS-CoV-2 strains.
 CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of effective induction of protein synthesis at a minimum concentration of the inducer and cultivation time indicates the economy of its production, and antigen recognition by antiviral antibodies indicates a native structure. Cross-reactivity of the blood sera of convalescents indicates the slow character of the evolution of the antigenic properties of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Thus, the purified proteins can be used as a basis for development of diagnostic test systems.

Detection of immunoglobulins specific to SARS-CoV-2 virus S-protein in mixed saliva

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists have been concerned about finding an effective alternative to blood-based diagnostics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. According to the results of numerous studies by domestic and foreign authors, saliva is a valuable diagnostic material. Mixed saliva implies the possibility of painless and non-invasive sampling and opens up great opportunities for diagnosing COVID-19 in vulnerable populations, such as children.
 AIM: Development of a method for detecting immunoglobulins specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva after infection with COVID-19 and vaccination.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 43 people aged 20 to 67 years, divided into 3 groups: recovered from COVID-19; those who believe they have not had COVID-19; vaccinated with various drugs against COVID-19. Samples of unstimulated mixed saliva and capillary blood from a finger were obtained from each subject, which were subsequently examined by methods of qualitative and quantitative enzyme immunoassay.
 RESULTS: A high level of correlation between the content of local IgG and IgA in saliva was demonstrated, while the relationship between the content of IgA in blood and saliva was shown to be of medium strength. A higher number of seropositive patients was demonstrated in the group vaccinated with vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, compared with those who recovered from COVID-19, which is consistent with the anamnesis data.
 CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates and confirms that saliva in the oral fluid is a valuable diagnostic material for the study of local antibodies. The data obtained will allow the development of unique test systems for studying humoral immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can become an alternative replacement for the usual determination of virus-specific immunoglobulins in the blood.