Abstract

Insertion of pigments under the skin to create tattoos is around since about 6 000 years old (Neolithic period). Nowadays, United States have more than 20 000 tattoo parlors with one more opening every day. 36% of Americans between the age of 18 and 29 have at least one tattoo. Among the population with tattoos, 70% have more than one and 20% have more than five. 32% of people with tattoos claim that they are addicted to ink. The increasing number of tattooed persons urges the development of reliable test systems to assess tattoo associated risks (phototoxicity, inflammation, sensitization, etc.).

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