Development Of Passenger Transport Research Articles

Planning Methodology for Road Passenger Transportation

The need for theoretical and methodological assessments of organization of the transport process, of the features of the passenger transportation market in the modern city is explained by the changing economic conditions in the country and transformation of legal foundations of production and business activities. The planning methodology, which is discussed in the first place, is considered in retrospect, successive development and is open to continuations, allowing to permanently obtain scientifically based results, verified solutions and reliable forecasts. The current Russian legislation binds public authorities, regional and local governments to carry out organization of regular transportation of passengers and their baggage on the routes of the road and urban ground electric transport. The main act defining the competence of the executive authorities in development of regular passenger transportation is a document on planning of regular transportation. As such a document has not previously been implemented, its development should be carried out permanently at all levels of public administration and city management. The analysis shows that it is advisable to develop a guide to transport planning, which would set forth methods of solving routing problems and technological organization of passenger transportation on regular routes of urban motor and urban electric transport, include the possibility of using modern software for modeling mobility and passenger transportation, as well as information obtained from georeferencing tools and the use of electronic IT. The guide should be based on the concept of sustainable development of transport systems and facilities; transport accessibility of various territories and objects for potential passengers; integration of urban planning, transport, environmental, social and other types of legislation; capabilities of modern «smart cities»; technical innovations in the field of transport engineering; an integrated approach and the concept of logistics of passenger traffic; permanent monitoring; improved staff qualifications.

Model for the assessment greenhouse gas emissions from road transport

A three-level model for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mobile and stationary road transport facilities of a state or region, proposed in this article, takes account into GHG emissions from a vehicle fleet (mobile objects) and road transport infrastructure (network of car services, road network of various categories). Additionally, it has been developed the intellectual system which evaluates the reliability of the array of initial data, by increasing the range and adjusting (if necessary) the values of individual indicators, as the result we achieving the convergence of the calculating GHG emissions from motor vehicles according to the models of all three levels of assessment. This ensures verification of the obtained gross GHG emissions. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions using three-level model was carried out for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region (Russian Federation), they shown the possibility of reducing by 2030 by 3.2 ... 12.4% of gross GHG emissions by motor transport of the Russian Federation in comparison with 2015. For St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, both the reduction of gross GHG emissions by road transport (12.7% innovative scenario) and their growth (4.8% inertial scenario) are expected during the forecast period. At the same time, both for the St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region and for the state as a whole, a significant reduction in gross GHG emissions by road transport is expected in the period after 2025 due to the intensive replacement of cars on oil fuel by electric vehicles and hybrids, changes in the transport behavior of the population, the development of public passenger transport and cycling, the introduction of autonomous vehicles, etc.

CO2 emission of urban passenger transportation in China from 2000 to 2014

This study reviewed the urban passenger transportation (UPT) development of seven typical cities in China from 2000 to 2014, estimated the UPT CO2 emission, analyzed the structure, and discussed the main factors of UPT CO2 emission. Results showed that increases of GDP, population, and UPT scale of the cities have speeded up. The most significant development of UPT is that the growth of private vehicles is greatly faster than that of public transportation. The total and per-capita UPT CO2 emissions both increased. The share of private vehicles emission to total UPT CO2 emission has increased, with the share in range of 65%–88% in 2014, exponentially leading to the increases of total and per-capita UPT CO2 emission. Although UPT CO2 emission structure with more share of public transportation would slow down the UPT CO2 emission increase, private vehicle CO2 emission is recognized as the dominated driving factor. Contributions of driving factors, such as GDP, population, private vehicle CO2 emissions, to UPT CO2 emission are different among the cities. Private vehicle CO2 emission is the dominated factor for UPT CO2 emission in Beijing and Taiyuan. Besides private vehicle CO2 emission, GDP also plays an important role in UPT CO2 emissions of Chengdu, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Urumqi. Contributions of private vehicle CO2 emission and GDP to UPT CO2 emission are almost same in Xi'an.

Ульяновский городской автотранспорт в 1986–1990 гг.

We set the goal to study the development of passenger and freight motor-vehicle transport, the effectiveness of which ensures the continuous operation of large and small industrial enterprises, as well as the urban trading network and the services sector. We analyze the problem on the basis of archival sources drawn from the funds of the State Archive of Contemporary History of the Ulyanovsk Region (SACH UR) and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (SAUR), which are first put into scientific circulation, as well as materials from a monograph and dissertation research by authors from both regional and Russian level. In the course of the work, we reveal the trends in the development of passenger and freight motor-vehicle transport, its problems and achievements. We consider the measures taken by local party bodies to increase the functioning efficiency of motor-vehicle transport during the twelfth Five-year plan, the development trends of urban transport, as well as its problems and achievements. As a result of the study, we conclude that passenger transport is an important link in the urban economy system, without which the ex-istence of the city as a whole would not have been possible, and its development peak occurred precisely in the years under consideration (1986–1990) when intensive construction of industrial facilities and housing was carried out in the city. The intensive development of urban transport was also associated, with the labor of rationalizers who developed new projects of innovative technologies introduction, which made it possible to increase labor efficiency.

Development of strategies for the development of urban passenger transport in EurAsEC countries

Currently, in many cities of the Russian Federation and the EurAsEC countries, due to an increase in the level of motorization, there is an increase in traffic congestion, which leads to unproductive losses of time and an increase in transport costs in the economic sector. Therefore, urban infrastructure is currently unable to provide unhindered traffic flow. The scientific and practical purpose of the article is to summarize the best practices of transport planning of the urban route network in large cities of the Russian Federation, and integrate it in cities of the EurAsEC countries. The development of such projects occurs, as a rule, in several stages. The main stages are as it follows: 1) a survey of passenger flows on public road transport, 2) analysis of the data and development of measures to optimize the route network. Based on the task, an analysis is carried out of a survey of passenger flows (transport mobility of the population), stopping points and the intensity of public transport, including: general provisions and a methodology for conducting a survey of urban public passenger transport. The experience of foreign countries in the use of commercial organizations for urban passenger transport, in the organization of transport systems functioning, the definition and justification of the role of each type of transport (for the public and private sectors) is analyzed. The proposals on the development of interconnections and the functioning of various modes of transport are considered. Measures have been proposed to optimize the route network of urban passenger transport based on modeling in a macroscopic model, and quality standards for the provision of services and the introduction of navigation management systems aimed at improving the quality of public services have been determined.

Экономические аспекты развития высокоскоростного наземного пассажирского транспорта в мире и на постсоветском пространстве

Экономические аспекты развития высокоскоростного наземного пассажирского транспорта в мире и на постсоветском пространстве

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ БАЗИС ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СЕТИ МОРСКИХ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК

Realization of sustainable development of sea passenger transportation and overcoming negative influence of unstable environment are determined by the chosen course, which is the basis of strategic management. According to statistics, the sector of sea passenger transport shows a significant increase both in passenger traffic and the intensity of the work of the ships on the routes. Besides, there are observed changes of the routes of ferry lines, expansion of the fleet, as well as the role of sea passenger terminals is also changing. Ferry lines owners, striving to increase profits and their importance in ports, compete for passenger traffic. This circumstance calls for description of the principles and forms of organization of maritime transport networks, identification of patterns of construction and changes under the influence of the environment on the basis of choosing discrete values of the system states. The received models of marine transport network organization are intermediate stages of development, on the basis of which it is possible to determine potential of the transport network development, to evaluate possibility of the company's transition to a new level. To solve the tasks of strategic management, it is necessary to construct the objective function taking into account a large number of constraints and influence of the environment. The region of the Baltic Sea and the existing network of cruise and ferry routes have been chosen as the object of research. As a result of the analysis, there have been obtained schemes for arranging ferry and cruise lines, models of target functions for achieving transportation efficiency, which will enable to solve the task of strategic management at a qualitative level. The obtained results allow to increase the quality of modeling as well, since they are the initial data that are introduced into the simulation models for development forecast.

Study on the Relationship between Land Transport and Economic Growth in Xinjiang

Xinjiang’s land transport network is mainly comprised of highways and railways. Using statistical data from 1985 to 2015, this study applies the Lotka-Volterra model to investigate the competitive interactions among highway transport, railway transport, and the regional economy of Xinjiang. We can draw the following conclusions: First, highway mileage, highway passenger transportation, and railway freight transportation have played a significant role in promoting the development of the national economy in Xinjiang, while the latter has weakened highway passenger transportation and promoted the growth of the added value of transportation industry (AVTI), railway mileage, and railway passenger transportation. Second, highway passenger transportation enhances the development of railway passenger transportation, while railway freight transportation has played the same role in the development of highway freight transportation. Third, the increase in AVTI will increase total population, but both may have a negative impact on the national economy in the short term. Fourth, there is no significant relationship between the economy and transportation investment.

The Role of Operator Services in Transportation Management and Responsibility for their Improper Performance as a Prerequisite for the Multimodal (Combined) Passenger Transportation Development

The article scrutinizes the role of the operator in organizing passenger transportation in direct multimodal (combined) passenger transportation, civil law instruments of transportation management as well as responsibility for improper performance of obligations to transport passengers and provide such services. Laws in Russian do not take into account a global trend aimed at assigning responsibilities for organization of direct mixed traffic transportation to the operator that assumes responsibility for performance of the whole complex of services for passengers and baggage transportation in direct multimodal (combined) traffic, which is criticized by the author. In addition, the author insists that the powers of a passangers and baggage multimodal (combined) transportation operator should include, in addition to organization of transport services, planning, accounting and control, analysis and regulation, i.e. operator services for the transportation management.

The Role of Slovak Airports in Tourism Development

Tourism is in a close connection with the transport operations and as such develop thanks to various forms of transport. A large role in the effects on the growth potential of international tourism play the individual countries, whose task is to promote the development of air transport, and hence boosting the national economy and many of its areas. The article presents the evaluation of the air transport infrastructure in Slovakia, which is a prerequisite for the development of tourism. It contains theoretical backroad of air transport service and analyses of the role of Slovak airports in tourism development. The article deals with the assumption that the transport accessibility of a country with a regular air service is the basis for international transport. The aim of the article is to evaluate the role of Slovak airports in terms of passenger transport and tourism development. Its emphasizes the development of air transport in Slovakia, analyses airports performances and investments in the air transport infrastructure. Secondary sources were used and processed by selected mathematical and statistical methods of descriptive statistics.

FUZZY PRODUCTION MODEL OF URBAN PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The structure of unclear production model of steady development of urban public passenger transport, which is based on the selection of risk factors, estimation of the character of its multilevel connections within the limits of a single transport space, has been worked out. The fuzzy production rules of forming the risks of constancy are presented from the perspective of influence on the municipal environment

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИСОКОШВИДКІСНИМИ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИМИ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИМИ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯМИ

The article substantiates the necessity of applying the provisions of strategic management in the development of high-speed passenger rail transport. The problems of development of passenger transportation by rail in Ukraine, as well as introduction of high-speed traffic in the state are analyzed. The experience of managing the countries of the world in the world market of high-speed rail transportation is investigated. Strategic guidelines for innovation development of railway transport of Ukraine are defined. The theoretical positions of strategic management of passenger railroad traffic have been improved.

Development of public passenger transport - the role and place of public passenger transport in metropolitan areas

Development of public passenger transport - the role and place of public passenger transport in metropolitan areas

Development of a fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain: A real case study on a Minibus application

Many actions have been recently carried out within European cities with the aim of reduce the negative impacts on traffic and environment caused by transport. New technologies for vehicles and traffic management are the key to lower transport emissions and the electric approach is a promising line to achieve EU's emissions reduction target for 2030 and 2050. Electric Vehicles (EVs) include vehicles with different technologies such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). BEVs operate purely on the battery power but the energy storage system remains one of the main critical elements due to vehicle autonomy, weight and charging time. FCV outperform BEV for its high autonomy and it is possible to perform a hydrogen recharge in short time but the costs remain high. Different from these last, hybrid configurations carried out through Batteries and Fuel Cell System (FCS) show advantages for both technologies. Within an Italian research project, CNR TAE Institute has been involved in a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) development for public transportation. The hybrid vehicle provides the use of a FCS that distributes the electrical power in the connection between batteries and traction inverter via a DC/DC converter for the extension of the daily autonomy with respect to pure electric mode. This work describes the possibilities for sustainable development of public passenger transport based on hydrogen technologies presenting the development phases of the powertrain and preliminary on road tests in the context of smart cities applications.

ISSUES OF ORGANIZING THE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION ON US RAILWAYS

Purpose. The paper focuses on a study of the US railway transport organization management during passenger transportation. Methodology. Studies were carried out on the basis of the analysis of literature sources and reporting data on passenger transportation in the USA. Findings . Negative trends in the work of the passenger complex of the Ukrainian railways are the slowdown in the volumes of transportation, the progressive aging of the rolling stock and the overall activity running at a loss for Ukrzaliznytsia. In this regard, the actual task for domestic rail transport is the implementation of industry reforms. Therefore, the paper presented the study of the experience of organizing the passenger transportation on US railways, whose peculiarity is the extremely high degree of competition between modes of transport. As a result of the conducted analysis for working conditions of the US and Ukrainian railways, the general conditions for the functioning of the railways in both countries connected with passenger transportation securing have been established. It was found that general condition for execution of railway passenger transportation for the United States and Ukraine is the subsidization of this activity and combined use of infrastructure for the freight and passengers’ transportations. In this connection, when developing approaches to reforming the passenger economy of Ukraine's railways, it is advisable to use the experience of the United States in assessing the social effectiveness of rail transport, the impact of passenger transportation on the conditions of freight trains handling, and combined use of railway infrastructure by freight and passenger companies. Originality. The author determined the general trends in the development of passenger railway transportation in the US and Ukraine. Practical value . The resulted methods of organizing the operation of the US railway passenger transportation complex can be adapted to solve problems in the development of passenger transportation on the Ukrainian railways.

Сравнительный анализ развития городского пассажирского транспорта Екатеринбурга и Праги

Сравнительный анализ развития городского пассажирского транспорта Екатеринбурга и Праги

THE MODEL OF MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT FLOWS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

This article discusses a new model of traffic management through an integrated analysis of transport and passenger flows, which will reduce the load on the road network (UDS). Thus solves the following main tasks: justification of the indicators and criteria of the system of transport service of the population of the city is the development of algorithm of calculation and download of UDS city. The technique for managing the transport network by optimizing the composition of the transport stream and use a new criterion of load factor of road network of UDS from different types of passenger transport, including individual. Based on the proposed algorithm of calculation of the load on the main network of the city, given the volume of passenger transportation, presents a quantitative assessment of the options for the development of urban passenger transport (ATG) in the cities of the Russian Federation.

Моделирование тенденций развития спроса на пассажирские перевозки в дальнем сообщении с учетом особенностей его формирования по регионам Российской Федерации

Forecast of transport mobility of population is an important landmark in the development of passenger transport of JSC "Russian Railways". Business processes of transport planning, justification the traffic volume and train composition schemes, the definition of the operating fleet of cars and infrastructure needs are based on the data on projected traffic volume and the dynamics of their changes. The article describes the results of research work on modeling and forecasting passenger flow and the choice with reference calculation an optimal model having the smallest prediction error. Taking into account that the public demand for transport services depends on many conditions, a list of factors was justified and the most affecting ones were selected. The stages of the modeling process by extrapolating trends and multivariate analysis are presented, reflecting the connection of passenger flows with the economic, demographic and regional characteristics. The accuracy of prediction was made together with conclusions about the performance of the proposed models. The correctness of the developed mathematical apparatus for the forecast of passenger flows is confirmed by supervisory calculations. They are based on actual data on passenger railway transport and assessment of share participation of aviation and road transport in the development of demand.

Основные аспекты проектирования систем рельсового транспорта в городах

The expansion of the territorial size of the cities to areas beyond the walking distance necessitates the development of urban passenger transport. Urban transport is one of the decisive factors of city planning. Rail transport is an important element of the transportation system of any big city. Having the ability to use trams with different variants of the organization of movement, speed of communication, capacity and location relative to urban area, constructive solutions at the present time it is difficult to name operation of rail transport in Russia effective. Its role in ensuring passenger transport is clearly underestimated. Primarily, this is due to insufficient regulatory and methodological support, which could prove the best option rail systems in the cities.

Choice of regional passenger transportation development model based on world-wide survey

Introduction. Regional passenger companies (RPCs) split-off was a result of Russian railways restructuring. Now RPCs have some problems of development, one of them is insufficient funding from regional authorities. Purpose. The purpose of the research is identification of regional passenger transportation general tendencies and features in various countries on the base of international experience survey, including forms of interaction between RPCs and regional authorities. The research is focusing on the following aspects: 1) competition forms at suburban and regional passenger transportation markets; 2) railway infrastructure and vehicles ownership; 3) state or private ownership on regional passenger companies; 4) regional passenger transportation financing schemes; 5) possibilities of regional passenger transportation performance increasing. Methodology. For achievement of the research purpose general scientific methods were applied, such as: analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, comparison, induction, system approach. Results. The article has the analysis of competition forms at regional passenger transportation markets. Models of regional passenger transportation development in the world are classified into competition model and regulatory model. Practical importance. Results of the research can be used by regional authorities in case of transportation policy development, transport reforming and further regional passenger transportation improvement. Conclusion. The survey of regional passenger companies development should be considered in case of suburban railway passenger transportation reforming in our country. It must be kept in mind RPCs operating conditions in certain regions of Russia, the high level of social importance and historical aspects of suburban transportations development.