Development Of Maritime Transport Research Articles

Relationship between maritime transportation and economic growth: highest maritime transport European countries

Maritime transport is one of the most widely used transport channels used by countries in foreign trade. The development of maritime transport affects the economic growth levels of countries. In addition, the increase in the level of economic growth of countries increases their share in international foreign trade and this situation increases the importance given by countries to maritime transport day by day. In this context, the study aims to determine whether there is any causality relationship between maritime transport and economic growth variables in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Türkiye, and the United Kingdom, which have the highest maritime transport among European countries. The bootstrap panel causality test was employed to examine the causality relationships between the variables over the time frame of 2008:Q1-2020:Q2. According to the findings, there is a causality relationship from economic growth to maritime transportation in all countries except Italy and the Netherlands. There is a causality relationship from maritime transportation to economic growth in Türkiye and the United Kingdom. As a result, the relationship between maritime transport and economic growth varies from country to country. This situation reveals the necessity of developing national policies for maritime transport by considering the economic structures of the countries.

Spatial pattern and coupling characteristics analysis of maritime traffic and economic development based on shipping big data

The rapid development of maritime transport and the gradual increase in the number of ports, ships and shipping routes can produce direct economic benefits for regional development, and a profound grasp of the actual situation of maritime transport makes it possible to make practical plans for economic development and thus rationally develop and use marine resources. However, there is a lack of research on maritime transport, so this study is based on the AIS, waterways, routes and ports data in the near-shore sea area of Guangdong Province. Using GIS spatial analysis technology and various mathematical models, we refer to the evaluation method of road traffic dominance. It analyses and proposes the evaluation indexes of maritime traffic advantages, such as the density of maritime traffic network and the proximity of ports. Based on the actual situation of the study regions, the indicators were quantitatively evaluated and analyzed. The economic development level of each region was also quantitatively evaluated using principal component analysis, and the study regions were classified based on the coupling-coordination model. The results show that the coastal area of Guangdong Province is divided into four types of zones according to the coupling-coordination type of zoning criteria. Corresponding development suggestions are put forward for different zones, and the research results provide certain practical guidelines for promoting the benign cycle development of maritime traffic and economy, and have important guiding significance and application value for the organization and safety of maritime traffic.

Advanced Research on the Sustainable Maritime Transportation

With globalization and environmental sustainability growing in importance, the sustainable development of maritime transportation, as the main mode of international trade, is particularly significant [...]

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МОРСКОГО ТОРГОВОГО СУДОХОДСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ И ТОРГОВЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЕ СУДОВОЕ ТОПЛИВО

The article examines the role of maritime transport in the global economy and trade, as well as the impact of maritime transport on the environment. The authors analyze the prospects for the development of maritime transport in the context of climate change and the introduction of new technologies. The article examines the impact of maritime transport on the global petroleum products market. The main advantages and disadvantages of maritime transport, as well as its impact on the environment, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the development of technologies and infrastructure that help improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of maritime transport.

Mismatch between volume and value: a new perspective on the significance of global ports

ABSTRACT To achieve high-volume and high-quality development of maritime transport and establish a port industry ecosystem, maritime stakeholders and national policymakers must recognise ports as crucial economic and trade windows. For a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of a port, this study focuses on seaborne cargo as the entry point and proposes a methodological framework for assessing port importance. The proposed framework is based on a multi-methodological fusion and considers the relationship between the type, direction, volume, and value of the maritime cargo transported through the port, while distinguishing between the associated economic sectors, industry types, imports, exports and transhipments, and volume and value. Hence, port importance is assessed based on three dimensions: identification of the maritime transport cargo types for which the port has a comparative advantage, measurement of the port combined cargo transport capacity, and differentiation of the port type. The results reveal that seaborne cargo volumes and values are mismatched in global ports; high seaborne cargo value increases port importance to a greater degree than high seaborne cargo volume; and ports can be classified as inland serving, balanced inland and outward serving, and outward serving. These findings provide a research basis for a new port industrial-ecosystem construction strategy.

ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING GLOBAL SECURITY

Topicality. russia's aggression against Ukraine was the main factor behind the food crisis and the increase in food prices at the international level. Acceptable logistics routes were blocked. Domestic water transport, rail transport and road transportation of goods were not able to export enough crops to ensure global food security. All these pressing issues in the field of maritime transport in Ukraine prompt us to investigate the nature of the problem.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of Ukraine's maritime transport based on national and global security.Materials and methods. The study was based on the results of scientific works of leading scientists in the field of maritime transport development and ensuring national, economic and food security. In writing the article, the methods of synthesis, theoretical generalization, empirical and analytical models of scientific research were applied.Research results. The study analyzes the activities of the ports of Great Odesa under the Grain Agreement (for the year of the agreement's existence). A significant impact on the disruption of the systematic operation of the grain corridor is caused by the russian federation, which led to a complete blockade of the Pivdennyi port and significant damage to port infrastructure, grain terminals and elevators in Odesa and Odesa region. The ports of Great Odesa exported 32.8 million tons of agricultural food products. In total, 1006 vessels left the ports of Great Odesa. The most active exporting countries are: China (8.0 million tons), Spain (6.0 million tons), Turkey (3.2 million tons), Italy (2.1 million tons), the Netherlands (2.0 million tons), Egypt (1.6 million tons) and Bangladesh (1.1 million tons).Conclusion. The analysis shows that for the further smooth functioning of the Black Sea Initiative, it is necessary to involve more influential international organizations in its regulation; to improve the institutional and economic system of maritime transport and introduce mechanisms that will encourage it to compete at the international level; to optimize the logistics supply chains of cargoes, to improve the multimodal approach to the functioning of the transport system of cargo transportation.

Integration Strategies for Sustainable Positioning of Shipping Companies in the Maritime Trade Market System

Introduction. The maritime transport of individual countries, operating in a single space of the World Ocean, determines the tasks and problems of creating standard requirements for the reliability of cargo flows and system security of operation. This significantly differentiates the conditions for the development of maritime transport as a subsystem of the global maritime transport market between its individual structures, on the one hand, and national maritime transport complexes, on the other. This is what determines the expediency of various integration processes in the system of the maritime trade market.
 Aim and tasks. The study examined the role of integration technologies in the global maritime trade market and the analysis of the development of the country's maritime transport complex in relation to its real needs for participation in integration processes, as well as possible strategies for integration principles and finding ways to implement such strategies in the activities of the country.
 Results. The study resulted in the identification of three approaches to the forms of integration in the maritime trade market. The first form includes the processes of creating the gross national product based on the international division of labor, when the global sectoral equilibrium is achieved by combining the technology of producers of one country with the resources and territory of another state. The second form of integration is the M&A strategy for the further development of shipping companies and other enterprises of the maritime complex. The third form is the interaction of individual maritime transport enterprises in intermodal connections. The implementation of all the above forms of integration is in line with globalization trends in the socio-economic development, achievements of technological progress and strategic interests of shipping companies.
 Conclusions. The development of maritime transport in terms of integration characteristics and technical priorities reflects the principle of sustainability. At the same time, activities are separated in the system of achieving a balance in the state of the main components of the transport services market according to the criteria for optimizing the investment flow. The latter necessitates a constant search for optimization of the fleet's carrying capacity and cargo terminal throughput. The main thing is to study the optimization of development from the perspective of both macroeconomic and business structures.

Systematization of Cyber Threats in Maritime Transport

The paper proposes a classification of cyber-attacks at the present stage of maritime transport development. A classification system for ship blocks and port infrastructure has been developed. The vulnerabilities of the global navigation satellite system are analyzed; this system is the most important subcategory of maritime vehicles and may be a target for cyber-attacks. The paper shows that the rapid spread of cybercrime occurs due to the rapid development of new technologies and their integration into ship and port infrastructures. The main elements of the maritime transport infrastructure are considered: port infrastructure and ship infrastructure. IoT and Big Data can be examples of the spread of such systems. The ship's IT infrastructure, ship's electromechanical and electronic systems, communication systems, automatic identification systems, ship information system are considered. In the port infrastructure, port security systems, port equipment systems, port communication systems are analyzed. The main types of cyber-attacks to which the ship and port parts of the industry are exposed are considered. The signs of attacks on the Internet of things systems on ships and in ports are considered. The trend towards greater system integration cannot be reversed for economic reasons. Such integration makes it possible to reduce the size of the team, build autonomous ships, work in the smart ports system, and makes it possible to save various resources (time, human, fuel and organizational). The paper considers the practical directions and challenges facing the industry in terms of improving the security of maritime transport in cyberspace.

A dialectical analysis of the development of maritime transport

A dialectical analysis of the development of maritime transport

An n-valued neutrosophic set method for the assessment of an offshore oil spill risk.

With the development of maritime transportation, oil spill accidents occur frequently. In this paper, a scientific and reasonable assessment of ship oil spills, offshore oil platform oil spills, and subsea pipeline oil spills is carried out, and a risk assessment method of an offshore oil spill based on an n-value neutrosophic set is proposed. First, the oil spill risk evaluation index systems of these three risk sources are constructed, respectively, and the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight. Second, we establish a risk assessment model under the n-value neutrosophic environment. Furthermore, we use the n-value neutrosophic-weighted arithmetic average (NVNWAA) to calculate the risk levels of the following three risk sources: ship oil spills, offshore oil platform spills, and submarine pipeline spills. Finally, according to the results of the risk assessment, the countermeasures to strengthen the preventive measures of oil spill accidents are put forward.

INTEGRATION STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES IN MARITIME TRADE

Examining the challenges and opportunities in the maritime trade industry highlights the importance of effective integration strategies and risk management. At the same time it highlights the importance of distinguishing between problems arising from sectoral features of maritime transport development and those which are caused by external characteristics of the maritime trade market. The article emphasizes the significance of integration strategies and effective positioning in optimizing the use of potential and mitigating risks and threats. It underscores the negative consequences that arise from ignoring integration relationships, leading to additional losses and heightened risk exposure. The attention is paid to the importance of periodically reviewing treds and proactively responding to anticipated negative situations in order to optimize relationships based on the criteria of synergies. This, in turn, highlights the role of shipping alliances in the container segment of the maritime trade market as examples of operational frameworks that exhibit willingness to adapt and optimize relationships. With the recent research and publications it is more convenient to correctly identify the specific constraints and requirements in the global maritime trade market. It includes discussing the size of demand, cargo flow structure, and direction as crucial factors influencing fleet capacity requirements. The formation of external constraints, including environmental standards, is also explored, with a focus on the integration strategies necessary for fleet and cargo terminal development. Additionally, the article examines problems of business integration in the context of globalization taking into consideration the increasing role of business structures in international trade and the significance of maritime transport in facilitating integration relations between different structures.

Мировые тенденции развития морского транспорта в 2022 г.

The author’s attention is focused on the analysis of global trends in the development of shipbuilding, maritime transport, shipping, and seaports in 2022. It is indicated that the global trend continues to be set by the requirements of the International Maritime Organization aimed at reducing the harmful impact of shipping on the environment. Horizontal consolidation of transport companies allows shipowners to adapt to changing market conditions, and in shipbuilding, it enables shipbuilding groups to develop development strategies considering new environmental standards. There is a change in the geography of maritime transport, the strengthening role of Asian countries in global supply chains and the growing role of container ports in China. There is a decrease in the total volume of newbuilding orders and, at the same time, a possible shortage of shipbuilding capacity in the future. The construction of new ports in countries around the world is associated with the goal of reducing (eliminating) dependence on foreign ports and regional transshipment centers

СТРАТЕГІЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ВІДНОВЛЮВАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ МАКРОРЕГІОНУ «АЗОВ-ЧОРНЕ МОРЕ»

Coastal regions, which are theoretically characterized by the affinity of geographical, natural and other prerequisites for economic development, are characterized by a number of peculiarities of the practical functioning of special sectors of the economy, such as the extraction of aquatic bioresources, tourism and recreation, and the development of maritime transport. Identifying and taking into account the following features encourages the development of individual strategies for the development of coastal regions, taking into account their specifics of the maritime complex (using the developed sequence of stages and their content of strategic planning of ecosystem competitiveness of coastal regions). Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the ecosystem competitiveness of the economy of the "Azov-Black Sea region", a list of strategic initiatives was established in accordance with the comparison of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats, namely: influence on the formation of value orientations among young people and the middle generation, work with human resources, formation of a competitive economy of the coastal region on an ecosystem basis, strengthening of regional and local government institutions, overcoming the consequences of Russia's military aggression in the plan. The PEST-analysis showed the need to create conditions for the implementation of the strategy's measures: financing and branding. These areas require strengthening state and regional initiatives and public control in the field of ecosystem protection and restoration, creation and use of infrastructure for the development of shipping, including digital infrastructure, staff development along with active innovative research, and the implementation of green economy principles in the region's life.

Перспективы развития мирового рынка морских перевозок сжиженного природного газа

This article explores the significance of future prospects for the development of maritime transportation of natural gas, which is one of the main sources of energy raw materials. Transportation of gas on sea vessels is expedient and cost-effective only in liquefied form, when the volume of natural gas is reduced by more than 600 times. Liquefied natural gas (LNG or LNG) carriers are called LNG carriers. The purpose of the study is to develop a new mathematical model that will play the role of a methodological basis for forecasting changes in the global volume of LNG shipping. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of system analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics were used. The article presents the results of the study of trends in the global maritime LNG transportation market development. The author considers the main exporters and importers of LNG, as well as an assessment of the growth in its demand after the decline of the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend in the development of innovative gas liquefaction production capacities, as well as the state of the world LNG fleet and the dynamics of its increase, are analyzed.The development research of this area of maritime transportation has been carried out and the dynamics of the increase in the volume of transported LNG in recent years has been analyzed.

ЗБАЛАНСОВАНІСТЬ РОЗВИТКУ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО СУДНОПЛАВСТВА ЗА УМОВАМИ СИМЕТРІЇ РЕАКЦІЇ НА ЗМІНИ

The balance of economic indicators of the maritime transport industry in different regions of the world can be achieved with the full and most rational use of the country's resources. Nowadays, one can observe an asymmetric reaction of one transport segment of the country to a change in the performance of another segment or the corresponding activity of a competitor's country. Having an absolute advantage in the maritime resource but not having a sufficiently developed fleet and not operating with a sufficient number of ships the country misses the opportunity to receive an enormous monetary share, which in turn will be attributed to those who use all their potential and operate ships along those routes that could be involved by the opposite party. Despite the improvement of the technical and economic characteristics of the vessels of the merchant fleet, the problems of maintaining a balanced position persist and sometimes increase. Therefore, along with the general patterns of positioning in the maritime trade market, shipping companies develop and implement priority approaches based on the criteria of sustainability of cargo flow services. It is the nature of the formation of foreign economic relations that determines the peculiarities of the development of maritime transport. They, in turn, reflect the reaction of shipowner structures, the change in the structure of cargo flows, and the nature of the reaction of leading operators. Balance in the maritime transport industry system should be formed based on the optimal ratio of shipping capacity and volume of cargo flows. But for individual operators, the process is complicated by the need to take into account the nature of competing subsystems. Therefore, it is important to develop an appropriate principle of managing the investment process based on accounting for possible symmetry in relation to expected changes. That is, the most important principle of sustainability management is considered a possible reaction to a set of external changes in the maritime trade market. Balance should be considered from two sides, firstly, as the ultimate goal of economic relations, and, secondly, as a strategy for the development and selection of managerial decisions. At the same time, such a state of multilateralism in solving this problem on the part of other participants of the maritime trade market is characterized by certain time frames. It is their optimization that should be considered optimal management.Keywords: balance, merchant shipping, symmetry, efficiency, production potential.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY MERCHANT VESSELS’ VOYAGE MONITORING

Maritime or inland transportation is one of the essential elements of the global supply chain, contributing to over 85-90% of international trade. Although sea transportation remains one of the most important and feasible choices of goods transportation for most international trade routes, the impact on the environment is one of the major issues that need to be addressed. The maritime industry is facing high demands to find solutions to operate in a more sustainable way, to find feasible and viable decarbonization solutions. To comply with IMO regulations, the shipping industry must develop and invest in future technologies. The paper proposes a method of monitoring the voyage of a container ship, having different characteristics, to determine the impact of vessel’s activity on the environment. The research method was applied to various means of operation, such as vessel’s speed, the constructive characteristics of the ship (including those of the propulsion system), or the type of fuel used. For each case, the following are performed: monitoring of fuel consumption, calculation of emissions from ships (with an emphasis on greenhouse gases), evaluation of energy efficiency indicators. From this perspective, the article offers an environmental impact assessment solution for merchant ships, to support the management of companies in the decision-making process, to promote environmentally friendly maritime transport and sustainable development of maritime transportation.

A detection method of the rescue targets in the marine casualty based on improved YOLOv5s.

In recent years, with the deep exploitation of marine resources and the development of maritime transportation, ship collision accidents occur frequently, which leads to the increasingly heavy task of maritime Search and Rescue (SAR). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the advantages of flexible maneuvering, robust adaptability and extensive monitoring, which have become an essential means and tool for emergency rescue of maritime accidents. However, the current UAVs-based drowning people detection technology has insufficient detection ability and low precision for small targets in high-altitude images. Moreover, limited by the load capacity, UAVs do not have enough computing power and storage space, resulting in the existing object detection algorithms based on deep learning cannot be directly deployed on UAVs. To solve the two issues mentioned above, this paper proposes a lightweight deep learning detection model based on YOLOv5s, which is used in the SAR task of drowning people of UAVs at sea. First, an extended small object detection layer is added to improve the detection effect of small objects, including the extraction of shallow features, a new feature fusion layer and one more prediction head. Then, the Ghost module and the C3Ghost module are used to replace the Conv module and the C3 module in YOLOv5s, which enable lightweight network improvements that make the model more suitable for deployment on UAVs. The experimental results indicate that the improved model can effectively identify the rescue targets in the marine casualty. Specifically, compared with the original YOLOv5s, the improved model mAP@0.5 value increased by 2.3% and the mAP@0.5:0.95 value increased by 1.1%. Meanwhile, the improved model meets the needs of the lightweight model. Specifically, compared with the original YOLOv5s, the parameters decreased by 44.9%, the model weight size compressed by 39.4%, and Floating Point Operations (FLOPs) reduced by 22.8%.

Prediction of Waterway Cargo Transportation Volume to Support Maritime Transportation Systems Based on GA-BP Neural Network Optimization

Water transportation is an important part of comprehensive transportation and plays a critical role in a country’s economic development. The world’s cargo transportation is dominated by waterway transportation, and maritime transportation Systems (MTS) are the main part of the waterway transportation system. The flow of goods plays a key role in the economic development of the ports along the route. The sustainable development of maritime transportation, the maritime transportation economy and the environment have great practical significance. In this paper, the principle of the BP (back propagation) neural network is used to predict the freight transportation volume of China’s waterways, and the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the BP neural network, so as to construct the GA-BPNN (back propagation neural network) prediction model. By collecting and processing the data of China’s water cargo transport volume, the experimental results show that prediction accuracy is significantly improved, which proves the reliability of the method. The experimental methods and results can provide certain reference information for the optimization, upgrade, and more scientific management of sustainable MTS in China and internationally, provide key information for port cargo handling plans, help optimize port layout, and improve transportation capacity and efficiency.

Maritime or Rail: Which of These Will Save the Planet? EU Macro-Regional Strategies and Reality

A well-thought-out strategy for shaping the transport of the future is a challenge for countries and integration groups. The answer to which modes of transport should become a priority in the context of incurred and planned investments should largely depend on their observed and forecasted environmental impact. This paper focuses on the scope and content of EU macro-regional strategies. The main objectives of the study were to identify common assumptions and differences between the Adriatic and Ionian Region and the Baltic Sea Region in terms of sustainable transport and provide a critical assessment of the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) and the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) compliance with the assumptions of the White Paper on Transport, as well as the attempt to answer the question of which modes of transport should be prioritized by the analyzed macro-regions, making transport decarbonization one of their main goals. It is possible to state that the assumptions of both the strategies of the macro-regions seem to be partially consistent with the White Paper on Transport vision. However, the emphasis of the macro-regions on the development of maritime transport is somewhat omitted in the White Paper. Among the countries of both areas (EUSAIR, EUSBSR), estimates showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive impact on the volume of loads transported by road transport. An increase in the volume loads by 1% resulted in an increase in air pollution by 0.446% (EUSAIR) and 0.728% (EUSBSR). The elasticity of air pollution, regarding loads’ road transport changes, was the highest compared to other transport modes in the studied areas. This proves the highest emissivity of road transport. In the EUSAIR countries, an increase by 1% of the volume of transport by railway resulted in a decrease in air pollution, with emissions of greenhouse gases decreasing by 0.063%. Considering the analyzed documentation, reports, strategies, and assumptions, it seems right to clearly emphasize the role of rail transport in the decarbonization of transport. According to the authors, mainly, this branch of transport can significantly reduce the emission of gases into the atmosphere and thus contribute to the so-called “green deal”. However, many activities must be undertaken for this to happen, not only investment ones. First of all, it is worth paying attention to the coherence of regional strategies with the European transport development plan contained in the White Paper.

Factors influencing the ranking of maritime transport in the Global Competitiveness Report: The developing country case

The main purpose of this study is to increase the ranking of maritime transport of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Global Competitiveness Report and to study the relationship between the main indicators of maritime transport. A review of the conceptual framework shows that many studies assess the potential level of maritime transport in different ways based on different factors (Abdullayev, 2022). The methodology of econometric and correlation analysis of economic indicators on maritime transport is taken as the research methodology. The proposed methodological approaches have calculated several factors affecting the development of maritime transport. Statistical data on the development indicators of the maritime transport sector for 2016–2020 were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. The EViews software package was used in the research using the least squares method (LSM). The results of the rating showed that there are some problems in the development of maritime transport in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The results of the correlation analysis revealed a link between maritime transportation incomes and transportation expenditures as well as investment and transportation expenditures. Recommendations to improve the international rating of maritime transport of the Republic of Azerbaijan and regulate its activities were given.