Systematization of Cyber Threats in Maritime Transport

Abstract

The paper proposes a classification of cyber-attacks at the present stage of maritime transport development. A classification system for ship blocks and port infrastructure has been developed. The vulnerabilities of the global navigation satellite system are analyzed; this system is the most important subcategory of maritime vehicles and may be a target for cyber-attacks. The paper shows that the rapid spread of cybercrime occurs due to the rapid development of new technologies and their integration into ship and port infrastructures. The main elements of the maritime transport infrastructure are considered: port infrastructure and ship infrastructure. IoT and Big Data can be examples of the spread of such systems. The ship's IT infrastructure, ship's electromechanical and electronic systems, communication systems, automatic identification systems, ship information system are considered. In the port infrastructure, port security systems, port equipment systems, port communication systems are analyzed. The main types of cyber-attacks to which the ship and port parts of the industry are exposed are considered. The signs of attacks on the Internet of things systems on ships and in ports are considered. The trend towards greater system integration cannot be reversed for economic reasons. Such integration makes it possible to reduce the size of the team, build autonomous ships, work in the smart ports system, and makes it possible to save various resources (time, human, fuel and organizational). The paper considers the practical directions and challenges facing the industry in terms of improving the security of maritime transport in cyberspace.