Development Of Distance Learning Research Articles

Modernizing the structure of educators’ ICT competencies to train future teachers to use e-learning methods and networking

The research investigated teacher training in the area of using ICT tools in professional activity as well as educational standards of higher education in pedagogical specialties. The analysis has demonstrated that those academic disciplines of the standard that reflect the problems of employing ICT tools in education do not fully address the issues of creating electronic learning resources (ELR). Moreover, the same observation concerns developing distance learning systems. Such systems automate the processes of collecting, processing, producing information, information interaction between participants in online learning, planning learning sessions in class and out-of-class time as well as managing students’ group, individual educational, and research activity in the digital environment. Basically, the competencies formed are oriented towards the classical learning model of education. Thus, they do not describe the above- mentioned specific features of the teacher’s professional activity in the digital environment in a clear and general way. The educational specialty-specific standards, standard syllabuses of disciplines, and curricula to prepare graduates developed on a competence-based basis constitute the regulatory and methodological framework for modernizing the educational process at pedagogical universities. The structure of teachers’ ICT competencies in the field of e-learning methods and networking is based on the requirements of the professional qualification standard of a teacher, the 3+ educational standards in the system of higher education of the Republic of Belarus as well as the National and European Qualifications Frameworks for Higher Education. The analysis of the requirements of the standard revealed a range of labor actions and functions associated with the need to form and develop certain media and ICT competencies of a teacher in the process of continuous pedagogical education. The article presents the general structure of teachers’ ICT competencies in the field of e-learning and networking methods. It is recommended to detail these competencies through developing relevant descriptors. The given structure of ICT competencies is also intended for designing electronic course descriptors in the Moodle distance learning system to assess the quality of teacher education in university electronic information and educational environment.

Special education teacher’s need of alternative teaching materials for distance learning for students with special needs

Teachers play an essential role in developing material for distance learning for students with special needs, fulfilling the practical principle, flexibility, the ability to accommodate the learning requirements, and the ability to ease students to understand the material through independent learning. However, many obstacles still hinder teachers in the execution. Through a survey of 115 special education teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, this study is aimed at describing teachers' needs in developing distance learning material from the aspect of physical forms, teaching material delivery, and obstacles faced by teachers. The data were obtained through an open questionnaire and analyzed with a descriptive quantitative approach. In addition, the data were presented with presentations, figures, and narrative interpretations. The result shows that 87% of teachers require learning material in the form of a module, and 93.81% of teachers require teaching material content about understanding the concept of daily activities for students' independence. Teaching materials in the form of practical activities delivered with colored pictures are required by 16.28% of teachers. 23.33% of teachers are faced with obstacles to accommodating the diversity of students' characteristic conditions and learning needs. In conclusion, distance learning management and teaching material development to ease students with special needs in learning is an urgent matter in special education services. In addition, it requires preparation through teacher competency improvement.

РОЗВИТОК ТВОРЧОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ СТУДЕНТА ЯК КОМПОНЕНТ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ЯКІСНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ

The rapid technical and economic development taking place in the world has put forward the urgent need for innovative changes in the training of modern specialists in higher education institutions. This contributed to the introduction of several measures related to digitalization and the development of distance learning. The work is devoted to the problem of finding relevant components of innovative technologies in the educational process. The expediency of moving away from the active use of multimedia technologies, especially with additional explanations that are easy to understand, but exclude the process of independent analysis and thinking, is noted. It is proposed to develop and apply methods that combine the education of individual qualities of the student with the content and methods of the educational process, with active interaction with computer technology and external factors. Among the external factors, the expediency of increasing the practical training of future specialists, especially in positions that developmental activity and personal opinion of a person, is noted. It is a mental activity that modern students are missing, especially in those universities where teachers, wishing to introduce new computer innovations, do not leave room for the development of creativity. After all, it is the creative mind that strives for new knowledge, ensures the student's interest and helps to improve the quality of learning.

Organizational-pedagogical and organizational-methodical conditions for the development and implementation of distance learning in ‘Physical Education

Improving the distance form of education in ‘Physical Education’ requires the development and introduction into the educational process of computer programs that would effectively contribute to the successful involvement of both relatively healthy and physically impaired students in their own systematic and safe physical education classes. The purpose of the article was to substantiate the thesaurus of organizational-pedagogical and organizational-methodical conditions for organizing the process of distance education of higher education seekers (students) in ‘Physical Education’. As a result of the study, it was established that the transition to a distance form of education in ‘Physical Education’ requires the need for prior justification of a number of organizational-pedagogical and organizational-methodical conditions for the organization of the education process. In this study, the most important requirements and content of the specified conditions are defined. The generalization of the achievements of scientists and methodologists can be considered the thesaurus of basic concepts and information that should determine the creation of effective methodical systems on this basis in each higher education institution, aimed at the successful implementation of distance learning in ‘Physical Education’. Organizational and methodological conditions in the educational process of ‘Physical Education’ are understood as a set of objective possibilities of educational content, methods, organizational forms and types of activities of students, which contribute to the effective implementation of the model of formation and ensuring their readiness to conduct their own physical culture and health classes. At the same time, a person-oriented approach provides for the creation of conditions for such activities, under which the pedagogical process reflects the type of teacher for whom the personal development (self-development) of a person becomes a priority. In some cases, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine assumes responsibility for determining the organizational and methodological foundations of the educational process. However, based on the broad autonomy of higher education institutions, such regulation by the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding higher education institutions has not been taking place in recent years. This means that there are other means of spreading pedagogical innovations in higher education. Namely, both scientific justification of ripe innovations and their subsequent practical approbation are needed. Only in this way, the positive achievements obtained will serve as a model for other educational institutions and can be disseminated.

Psychophysiological Prerequisites to Master Foreign Language Communicative Competence by University Students during the Functioning of a Hybrid Educational Program

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of hybrid educational environment. Definitions of distance learning are given. The history of the development of distance learning both in Russia and abroad is noted. A brief overview of the use of distance learning technologies in the educational process is presented. The psychophysiological features of the perception of foreign speech by ear and its development in the learning process through distance educational technologies are considered.

Application of visual didactic regulators in distance learning

Introduction. In the process of developing distance learning and changing the forms of educational materials used in different countries, there are such problems as the lack of direct communication, insufficient control of the educational process and low motivation. The effectiveness of the guiding and orienting influences of the teacher, his/her professional and creative teaching methods is decreasing. As a result, the implementation of cognitive learning activities by students becomes more difficult, and the dependence of its results on self-organisation and self-control increases. These problems are inherent in distance learning in many countries, including the Russian Federation, where a network of federal innovation platforms is being created to improve distance learning and to promote educational innovations. The hypothesis assumes the expediency of research and applied development of universal methods and means to reduce negative phenomena in distance learning.Aim. The present research aims to study the methods and means of additional presentation of the plan of educational activity and the results of its implementation in the form of visual didactic regulators; to create software and methodological tools for the introduction of regulators in distance learning; to experimentally test applied developments.Methodology and research methods. The study is based on the didactic principle of visibility, which is necessary to provide the student with information about the plan of the educational activity being performed and to present the results of its implementation in the form of visual regulators. Logical-semantic modelling of knowledge was used to design regulators; an integrated approach was applied in the development of software and methodological tools for the application of regulators. In the course of experimental testing (teachers of rural schools, teachers and students of the university), questionnaires, surveys and observations were carried out.Results and scientific novelty. An analysis of the work of teachers demonstrated the relevance of using visual aids with illustrative and reference properties in the context of distance learning. It is proposed to supplement the educational task in text form with a plan using a visual didactic regulator, and the results of the implementation of the plan in the accepted form should also be supplemented by a didactic regulator. The use of regulators contributes to the self-organisation and self-control of the student, the development of universal educational actions in the construction of regulators and in educational activities, the improvement of systematic thinking and the formation of models for the implementation of educational activities. Software and methodological tools are proposed to support the introduction of didactic regulators into distance learning.Practical significance. The developed didactic solutions and software methodology tools complement the means and methods of distance learning technology, make it possible to increase the effectiveness of communication between the teacher and the student, as well as the guiding, orienting influences of the teacher; allow to increase the dependence of learning out-comes on self-organisation and self-control of the student.

БУДУЩЕЕ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЕ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ МНЕНИЙ СУБЪЕКТОВ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The article examines the problems of distance learning development in higher education, as well as the prospects of introducing new distance learning technologies in Russian universities. The methodology used was content analysis of public speeches of rectors of leading Russian universities, secondary analysis of sociological research data and our own sociological research conducted by survey method.

Early Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Volunteer Water Monitoring Programs in the United States and Canada.

ABSTRACTVolunteer water monitoring programs generate new scientific knowledge, contribute data to decision‐making processes, and increase social networks, technical knowledge, and skills of participants. Declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic threatened the ability of these programs to continue to engage volunteers to achieve such outcomes. A national water monitoring network hosted a brainstorming webinar to facilitate communication across programs to identify potential solutions to pandemic‐influenced challenges. Following that webinar, a survey of United States and Canadian volunteer monitoring programs that was conducted about 3 months into the pandemic revealed that 72% of 80 responding programs planned to carry on through the 2020 field season despite most having experienced delayed starts. Other common program modifications implemented in the first months of the pandemic included adding COVID‐19 safety information to program guidance, changing field team composition, monitoring timing and logistics, and adopting new communications strategies. Most programs reported loss or anticipated loss in number of data observations (74%) and volunteers (66%), while 44% reported known or anticipated losses in funding. Seventeen percent of responding programs were able to swiftly develop distance learning tools to train participants, which led to increased program capacity to reach broader audiences.

Some aspects of distance learning in the system of continuing medical education of doctors in Russia

Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the directions of continuing education in healthcare. Of course, the development of a system of continuous medical education (further – CME) and its various forms, such as distance learning, is a necessary and timely measure for the development of healthcare in the Russian Federation.
 Purpose. to consider the current aspects of the development of distance learning in the system of continuing professional education of doctors. The article discusses statistical data in the field of distance learning in the system of continuing education of medical workers. There are a number of problems in this direction and the ways to solve them depend not only on the functioning of the system itself, but also on the recognition of its importance by practitioners.
 Materials and methods. Statistical indicators from the websites of Rosstat, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and other medical structures, including medical educational institutions, were used as materials in the study.
 Results and discussion. The NMO increases the speed with which information reaches doctors. In electronic form, in the format of webinars, seminars and trainings, new knowledge gets into medical offices faster than with the help of approved training programs, which often do not meet the needs of practical healthcare.

Speech and ICT Competence of a Teacher as a Tool to Improve the Guality of Distance Learning

The article discusses the development of distance learning as an alternative measure of education. Particular attention is paid to the degree of importance of the teacher’s professional competencies in the framework of distance learning, as a result of which the role of speech and information and communication competence is revealed. Modern education is increasingly faced with a distance learning format. The relevance of this phenomenon, the program for the modernization of Russian education and the focus of modern pedagogy on a competency-based approach dictate the need to highlight the most significant competencies that are fundamental for a teacher for the period of conducting a distance course. In the article, the author reveals the importance of a teacher’s ICT competence for choosing a format for conducting distance learning and creating a comfortable psychological and pedagogical virtual space for a student, and also emphasizes the relationship between speech and ICT competence, calling them the main levers of influence on the productivity of the educational process. When solving educational problems, professional pedagogical skills play a key role. The structure of pedagogical excellence consists of many interrelated elements, among which a significant place is occupied by the professional competencies of the teacher. It is not enough to have one or more competencies to improve the quality of education, so the competencies are closely related. Speech is the most important professional tool of pedagogical activity, both in traditional and distance learning. Speech communication is one of the main means of achieving the pedagogical task, including distance learning, and speech competence provides the teacher with the unconditional achievement of learning goals. Considering as the goal of distance learning the assimilation of a system of knowledge, abilities, skills, as well as the formation of a diversified personality of a student, the teacher is called upon to manage the process of its learning. Thanks to ICT competence, the teacher has the opportunity to most successfully build the educational process, and thanks to speech competence, to manage the educational process.

ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ІСТОРИКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ І ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ДИСКУРСИ

The peculiarities of distance learning and its technologies in historical perspective, pedagogical methods and techniques used in distance learning are considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical and pedagogical aspects and theoretical foundations of distance learning and its introduction by higher educational institutions of Ukraine in modern conditions. Methodology of the article. Consideration of the essence of the concepts of “distance education” and “distance learning”. It is found out that distance learning involves the interaction between teacher and students at a distance with the use of information and communication technologies that allow to provide it in individual and group forms. It is revealed that in historical retrospect the stages of distance learning development are identified with the use of one-way information transmission (radio, television, video), case studies, two-way communication (consultations, correspondence, etc.), broadcast learning (conferences, forums, computer technology and educational platforms, etc.). The advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous learning are demonstrated. The theoretical basis of distance learning is presented with the help of didactic teaching methods, scientific and methodological support, principles of didactics. Results. Analysis of historical stages of distance learning allowed to identify the peculiarities of the use of didactic models, methods, computer technologies (online learning, online interactive learning, e-mail, Web, multimedia programs, games, studying platforms, etc.). It is proved that the effectiveness of distance learning depends on taking into account the individual characteristics of the subject of studying, adherence to the appropriate rate of presentation and control of student’s acquired knowledge and skills, professional orientation of studying, essence of studying, development of individual and group creativity and competencies declared in the academic program. Practical significance of the obtained results is in the fact that they allow a teacher to choose time-tested methods and technologies of distance learning, take into account their advantages and disadvantages in the educational process. Key words: didactic principles of distance learning, transmission of information by means of communication, online services, advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, stages of development of modern distance learning.

Neo-colonialism in Distance Learning in Barbados and Canada

This study reviews the literature on the evolution of distance learning in Barbados and Canada’s higher education systems in the context of their unique geographies and colonialism. First, postmodern concerns about what is “good” in education (Slaughter, 2001) are considered, followed by a brief discussion of the role of distance learning in neo-colonialism. Next, the evolution of Barbados and Canada’s higher education systems within the colonial context is described, setting the stage for the development of distance learning. Both countries’ roles within the Commonwealth of Learning organization are compared and used to locate neo-colonial patterns. This analysis highlights risks and benefits of working with external organisations to meet higher education needs in Barbados and Canada, the neo-colonial complexity of a Commonwealth educational organization, and opportunities for strengthening the local while embracing the global in both of these regions.

Pengembangan video animasi powtoon sebagai media pembelajaran linguistik jarak jauh

Learning media innovation is important to support student learning success, one of which is the development of Powtoon media. This study aims to develop distance learning media in the form of animated Powtoon videos that will be used to visualize linguistic phenomena in society in linguistic learning and examine the level of feasibility. Research and Development is carried out using the ADDIE model which consists of stages of analysis, design, development and implementation, stage I revision, and evaluation. This activity was carried out by testing on 30 respondents with the aim of testing the revised product according to expert input to test the readiness of the product to be used in learning Linguistics in distance classes. This research and development resulted in 13 animated videos which were used as Linguistics learning media. Aspects of material, visual communication, accessibility and benefits were assessed as Very Appropriate by material experts, media experts, and respondents in small group and large group trials, with an achievement value of 95.2%. This value is obtained from the calculation of the results of the questionnaire which is then compared with the product feasibility table which is used as a guide for the final results in this research and development.

The impact of the shift to distance learning on the seven principles of good practices in university education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract
 This study aimed to know the level of impact of the shift to distance learning on the seven principles of good practices in university education taking the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic into consideration from the viewpoint of students of faculties of education. The research method used for this study was descriptive, a well structured questionnaire was developed for this, which was then administered to 435 students. The results revealed that the level of impact of the shift to distance learning on these principles taking the COVID-19 pandemic into consideration from the standpoint of the students was average. The study also revealed that the impact of the transition to distance learning on these principles, taking the COVID-19 pandemic into consideration due to the variables of academic level, appreciation, devices used in distance learning and software used in distance learning, and that there are differences due to the variable type of university in favour of public universities, was not statistically significant. The study recommendations, most notably the development of a national strategy for the development of distance learning to maintain its sustainability after the end of the corona pandemic.
 Keywords: Distance learning, good practices, university education, coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic.

Distance learning: the view of students and teachers

The purpose of the article is to study the technologies of distance learning and the attitude to this form of education of students and teachers (on the example of VP "MF KNUKiM" and VP " Mykolaiv Faculty of Management and Business of the KUC"). The methodological basis of the study. In the course of the research scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, method of questionnaires of students and teachers of VP "Mykolaiv branch of KNUKiM", VP "Mykolaiv faculty of management and business of KUC" were applied. Quantitative methods were used to process the results of the survey. The scientific novelty of the work is the generalization of knowledge about the possibility of introducing distance learning in the educational process of training in the field of knowledge "Culture and Art", in particular, the specialty "Information, Library and Archival Affairs"; outlining the main features of distance learning through the prism of the views of students and teachers, their readiness for self-study and self-improvement; a vision of prospects for the development of distance learning, etc. Conclusions. It has been proven that distance learning technologies create conditions for fruitful interaction between teachers and students as subjects of the information environment and promote the development of their competencies, including the ability to self-development and analytical thinking. The survey found that more than half of students have a positive attitude towards distance learning and the use of modern information technology to obtain information. The most popular were practical and lecture classes using multimedia technologies. Among the prospects of distance learning by students on the ranked list are selected manufacturability, flexibility, and modularity. The results of the survey proved that distance learning technologies, based on the principles of open learning, create a modern information educational environment that is attractive to student youth. Based on the study, it was determined that distance learning can be actively used in the system of blended learning for students of the information sphere, and in times of crisis - as an independent element of modern education. Key words: information and communication technologies, distance education, distance learning, students, teachers.

Teaching with Technology—Matching Pedagogy with Purpose in Radiology Education

The response to pandemic-related teaching disruption has revealed dynamic levels of learning and teaching flexibility and rapid technology adoption of radiology educators and trainees. Shutdowns and distancing requirements accelerated the adoption of technology as an educational tool, in some instances supplanting in-person education entirely. Despite the limitations of remote interaction, many educational advantages were recognized that can be leveraged in developing distance learning paradigms. The specific strategies employed should match modern learning science, enabling both students and educators to mutually grow as lifelong learners. As panel members of the "COVID: Faculty perspective" Task Force of the Association of University Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance, we present a review of key learning principles which educators can use to identify techniques that enhance resident learning and present an organized framework for applying technology-aided techniques aligned with modern learning principles. Our aim is to facilitate the purposeful integration of learning tools into the training environment by matching these tools to established educational frameworks. With these frameworks in mind, radiology educators have the opportunity to re-think the balance between traditional curricular design and modern digital teaching tools and models.

Ukrainian E-Learning Platforms for Schools: Evaluation of Their Functionality

This article defines 27 criteria for evaluating the functionality of e-learning platforms, grouped into three macro groups: (a) learning management, (b) learning content management, and (c) communications and collaboration tools. The proposed criteria can be used to evaluate any e-learning platform’s functionality. They allow teachers and administrators to make conscious choices about the highest-quality e-learning platform for their schools and developers to improve e-learning platforms’ functionality. The developed criteria became the basis for rating the functionality of Ukrainian developers’ eight e-learning platforms' and determining the degree of support (in whole or partly) of e-learning components, categorized on the cognitive, social constructivist, motivation, and e-learning theories (CT, SCT, MT, and E-LT). The results indicate that the lack of communication and collaboration tools necessary to ensure quality distance learning is the main problem of Ukrainian e-leaning platforms. Comparative analysis of the functionality of e-learning platforms and components categorized on the learning theories helped determine that only three of the eight Ukrainian e-learning platforms (Accent [Mobischool], Class Assessment, My Class) fully follow the CT, SCT, and MT, but these platforms are all commercial products; therefore, they only partially support the E-LT. Solving this problem will be facilitated by developing e-learning platforms with open access, financed by the state budget in the context of the development of open and distance learning for Ukrainian students, as well as improving communication and collaboration tools in the context of conforming e-learning components to the social constructivist learning theory.

FORMATION OF NOMENCLATURE OF QUALITY INDICATORS FOR DESIGN OF DANCE SMART CLOTHES

Today, due to the rapid development of distance learning, there is a problem with the quality of education, including physical. Analysis of the level of injuries in choreography and gymnastics showed a high percentage of injuries to the lower extremities. To minimize the number of injuries and increase the professionality of dancers, developing a smart-clothing for dancing is necessary. Preliminary analysis of smart technologies in sports confirmed the need to use smart technologies to read and monitor the physical data of athletes during training. Still, it showed the absence of such technologies in dance. The advisability of research of smart technologies and the development of smart costume for dancing with additional functional properties is confirmed. An analysis of the requirements for dancing smart clothes there. Based on the analysis of dance and smart clothing requirements, a list of quality indicators for designing dance smart clothing was developed for further evaluation to determine a set of essential quality indicators for designing stage and training dance smart clothing.

How Students Assess Their Careers in the Context of COVID-19

The research goal is to present the views of Russian students on the relation between the COVID-19 pandemic and their future career opportunities. The research is based on a survey of 138 students studying for their bachelor’s degree. Comparing the responses given by students of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th academic years allows the author to estimate the differences in their opinions. The survey illustrates that students’ assessments depend on their academic year. Therefore, students of the junior years lack interest in tackling sustainability issues, which probably appear detached from their lives, while the students of the senior years feel more involved in the current situation. The suggested perspectives of Education for Sustainable Development include (1) motivation towards the involvement of students into professional and general life￾supporting activities, (2) further development of the interdisciplinary approach in higher education, and (3) development of distance learning with a strong emphasis on professional use of electronic devices instead of using them primarily as a mean of communication.

Study of the Development Processes of the Modern Russian Market of Higher Education Services

Relevance. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the changing environment, the development of forms and methods of providing educational services in the higher education market. This market is characterized by an increase in the level of competition, the development of distance learning. Currently, the most significant criterion for choosing an institution providing educational services in the field of higher education is the quality of these services, their compliance with the high level of information technology development, the requirements of the digital economy, and integration into the international labor market.The purpose is concludes in the study of the parameters of the market of higher education services, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of these indicators.The objectives of the study are presented by: developing an algorithm for analyzing the development of the higher education services market, studying the dynamics of the development of the higher education services market in the context of digitalization and identifying trends.Methodology. Includes an overview of the Russian Federation expenditures on the development of education, the dynamics of the number of institutions of higher education, the quality of education and the dynamics of the higher education distance market in Russia.The results of the study show that the main trends in the market of higher education services are a decrease in the number of higher education institutions and an increase in the share of state institutions of higher education. One of the main trends in higher education in modern conditions is the development of educational services provided in a distance format.Conclusions. The development of the digital economy has determined the main trend in the market of higher professional education services in Russia, which is characterized by the growth of implemented distance learning programs, the development of digital educational platforms, and the implementation of innovative technologies for providing e-learning services.