Development Of Distance Education Research Articles

Problems and prospects in increasing university students’ motivation and performance in e-Learning

A new online environment creates possibilities for both educators and scholars to research the new methods of teaching. Educational establishments tried to introduce the best practices encouraging students to prepare for lessons and acquire knowledge. The research identified the main problems that students face in online learning and assessed motivation and academic performance of university students during online education. To analyze the data and identify statistically significant differences, Student's t-test was used. The research assessed academic achievements on the major and minor disciplines studied for three months. The students had to answer 4 open-ended questions on the e-learning difficulties they faced. In addition, the research analyzed the impact of e-learning on student motivation. It was found that academic achievement and motivation improved. The results will further expand the concept of e-learning, help to identify the advantages and disadvantages of developing distance education on a broad scale. Further research in this field is still required.
 Keywords: academic performance, distance learning, e-Learning, online learning, motivation.

ÖĞRETMENLERİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİME YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

The purpose of this study is to determine the general attitude levels of teachers towards distance education and whether the attitudes of teachers differ according to the district, education level, gender, institution type, graduation, experience year, and branch variables, as well as to seek answers to the questions of whether there is a relationship between the frequency of in-service training on distance education and the perception of technology competence of teachers and their attitudes. The sample of the study, which was carried out in the descriptive survey model, consists of 886 teachers working at primary, secondary, and high school levels, private and public schools in Gaziantep Şehitkamil, and Şahinbey districts in 2020-2021. The research used “Personal Information Form” and “Distance Education Attitude Scale towards Teachers” as data collection tools. The data were collected in the digital environment and the Jamovi (1.6.9) package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. The study concluded that teachers' attitudes towards distance education were low, although close to the medium level. In addition, the variables of gender, district, and graduation status of teachers do not change the attitudes of teachers towards distance education, however, the type of institution (private / state), education level, experience year, branch, and in-service training related to distance education affect teachers’ attitudes towards distance education and have a decisive effect on their attitudes. The study results also showed a positive relationship between teachers’ perceptions of technological competence and their attitudes towards distance education. Creating supportive in-service training opportunities related to distance education for teachers can increase success in distance education and increasing the technological competence of teachers will facilitate them to have a positive attitude towards distance education. Developing distance education programs applied to younger age groups will increase primary school teachers’ negative attitudes towards distance education.

Educational reflections on the coronavirus pandemic in three different countries

The coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China, in 2020 has affected the world and become a global pandemic. All systems in the world are in place to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The education system is one of those systems. Schools are closed to prevent the spread of the virus and to allow a mandatory transition to emergency distance education. The development, change, and difficulties that occurred in the education system in the Northern Cyprus (NC), the Republic of Turkey(TR), and the Russian Federation(RF) during the distance education process were brought together and compiled in the study. This study aims to investigate the reflections of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the whole world, on the educational process in the Northern Cyprus, the Republic of Turkey, and the Russian Federation and to make suggestions for the development and improvement of distance education in these countries based on the information obtained. As a result, it was found that similar studies have been conducted for primary, secondary, and higher education. The implications of this study suggest that there were difficulties in all three countries in planning online courses and adapting students and teachers to this process. However, precautionary measures and the shift of face-to-face classes to a hybrid or fully online format showed success in combating the health problems caused by the pandemic, resulting in classes continuing without interruption.

Challenges and Opportunities for Dental Education from COVID-19.

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, dental education has been profoundly affected by this crisis. First of all, COVID-19 brought physical and psychological health problems to dental students and educators. In addition, both non-clinical teaching and clinical-based training experienced challenges, ranging from fully online educational content to limited dental training, students’ research was delayed in achieving project milestones and there was hesitancy in respect of the COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for teledentistry and dental emergency treatment, and brought awareness of the advantages and high-speed development of distance education. This review aims to present these challenges and opportunities for dental education, and suggest how dental institutions should prepare for the future demand for dental education.

ДИСТАНТТЫК БИЛИМ БЕРҮҮНҮН МАӉЫЗЫ ЖАНА МАЗМУНУ

This scientific article explains the essence of the main concepts of distance education, the idea of great didactics, models of optimization of learning, education, technology, quality, etc. Compliance with these basic pedagogical concepts is of great importance in distance learning. The article also notes that there are many issues related to the discovery and definition of the essence of distance learning technology. The lack of a clear definition of distance learning in the experience of the development of distance education and the world educational community, the views of researchers-educators and terms used in the same sense are studied. The organizational process of distance education, distance learning activities developed within the framework of the dissertation research, i.e. the general pedagogical model of distance education, is presented in the form of a diagram, its goals, objectives and summary are described.

The future of distance education in war or the education of the future (the Ukrainian case study)

The purpose of the publication is to analyze the future of distance education and determine whether the appeal to it is temporary, or whether it is mandatory and motivated. The following methods were used for writing: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. Based on the comparative method, the principles of using digital platforms in Ukraine and the USA, Ukraine and France, etc. are compared, since the experience of using such a system in these countries confirms the effectiveness of modern distance education. In the results, a number of problems were analyzed, in particular, the general importance of distance education for the educational process was highlighted, the importance of asynchronous learning was demonstrated, the experience of using online platforms was analyzed, and certain recommendations were formed for the development of distance education against the background of military aggression. The conclusions summarize that distance education in Ukraine under the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion is aimed at the following categories of students: persons who are forced to temporarily live in other regions of Ukraine, persons living in the occupied territories, or outside the borders of Ukraine.

THE FUTURE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN WAR OR THE EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE (THE UKRAINIAN CASE STUDY)

The purpose of the publication is to analyze the future of distance education and determine whether the appeal to it is temporary, or whether it is mandatory and motivated. The following methods were used for writing: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. Based on the comparative method, the principles of using digital platforms in Ukraine and the USA, Ukraine and France, etc. are compared, since the experience of using such a system in these countries confirms the effectiveness of modern distance education. In the results, a number of problems were analyzed, in particular, the general importance of distance education for the educational process was highlighted, the importance of asynchronous learning was demonstrated, the experience of using online platforms was analyzed, and certain recommendations were formed for the development of distance education against the background of military aggression. The conclusions summarize that distance education in Ukraine under the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion is aimed at the following categories of students: persons who are forced to temporarily live in other regions of Ukraine, persons living in the occupied territories, or outside the borders of Ukraine.

THE FUTURE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN WAR OR THE EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE (THE UKRAINIAN CASE STUDY)

The purpose of the publication is to analyze the future of distance education and determine whether the appeal to it is temporary, or whether it is mandatory and motivated. The following methods were used for writing: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. Based on the comparative method, the principles of using digital platforms in Ukraine and the USA, Ukraine and France, etc. are compared, since the experience of using such a system in these countries confirms the effectiveness of modern distance education. In the results, a number of problems were analyzed, in particular, the general importance of distance education for the educational process was highlighted, the importance of asynchronous learning was demonstrated, the experience of using online platforms was analyzed, and certain recommendations were formed for the development of distance education against the background of military aggression. The conclusions summarize that distance education in Ukraine under the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion is aimed at the following categories of students: persons who are forced to temporarily live in other regions of Ukraine, persons living in the occupied territories, or outside the borders of Ukraine.

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE FORMS OF EDUCATION

The article reveals the main content of the distance form of obtaining education. It was found that it involves access to the Internet, the availability of technical means, such as a computer, tablet or smartphone for the participants of the educational process. In addition, teachers must possess distance learning technologies, which represent a complex of educational technologies, including psychological-pedagogical and information-communication technologies. After all, the issues of the development of distance education remain relevant even in such a difficult period that Ukraine is currently experiencing. It was found that distance learning in the conditions of martial law should be aimed at students who are forced to temporarily or permanently live outside their place of residence, or even outside the state. It was determined that the idea of introducing distance learning is not new. The nearly two-century history of distance education can be divided into four periods, from mail-order learning in the late nineteenth century to today’s high-throughput computer-based learning. An analysis of scientific sources has been carried out, which shows that the conceptual foundations for the development of distance forms of education have been sufficiently developed in Ukraine. Thus, the works of domestic scientists highlight the problems of implementing the educational process in unfavorable conditions and conclude that the strategy for the distance vector in education should be supported at the state level. In their research, foreign scientists note that distance learning must be carefully planned, prepared and organized in advance. The peculiarities of the introduction of distance learning in the countries of the world in the conditions of the pandemic are considered. It was determined that higher education institutions around the world have a common goal - to provide a high level of education in extraordinary circumstances, while maintaining the highest academic standards. Distance learning in all considered institutions is widely used during unusual circumstances, develops the arsenal of technical means and the infrastructure of learning management systems, expands technical capabilities and becomes an integral part of modern education. It was concluded that on the basis of the world experience in the development of distance forms of education, it is possible to establish directions for the further development of the latest pedagogical technologies, which will remain useful even after the end of hostilities.

Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Distance Education Services Open University for Indonesian Citizens in Malaysia

The Indonesian Open University (UT) has had extensive experience in providing, implementing, and developing educational services in Indonesian and abroad. Several problems related to the planned development of Distance Education Services (PJJ-UT), have become obstacles that hinder the smooth expansion and management of UT abroad. This paper aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges in developing PJJ-UT in Malaysia. The approach used in this study is a qualitative method. The data are collected through participant observation as well as unstructured in-depth interviews involving resources ranging from UT managers, students, and alumni. The results: (1). Many fresh graduates from Senior High School, have departed for Malaysia before the time of receiving their graduation certificate. They are constrained from realizing their intention to continue their study while working; (2). Indonesian illegal migrants who have joined as students, have limited space for movement and are being arrested by Malaysian authorities; (3). Implementation of the mandatory overtime system at workplace, prevented students from participating in examinations; (4). The distance of the student coverage area, resulted in delays in taking academic activities; (5). The dropping out phenomenon among students who are not motivated to study is high, especially after returning to their homeland.

Distance learning as a modern direction of education in the field of physical culture and sports

The article considers modern forms of distance learning, which is due to the social need in the world and which provides various opportunities for all people regardless of social status to exercise human rights to education and information. With the growth of information technology and communication, online learning and teaching are becoming more important than the buzzword in the scientific world, in most institutions many educational modules have long supported the online version, and with the deteriorating epidemiological situation in Ukraine caused by the spread of coronavirus (COVID) -19), distance learning was introduced in institutions of higher education, professional higher and professional education. However, in terms of life cycle, distance learning in the field of physical culture and sports still remains in its initial phase. The perspective opportunities of the distance education development for the specified specialties are singled out, considering the characteristics of the target audience, in particular, the growth of the number of working masters and graduate students who receive additional higher education, future specialists from the metropolitan regions. The necessity of considering the features of the region and the mentality of the population during the transition to the distance education is emphasized.

Development of distance legal education at the present stage in Ukraine

In the article the author considers the development of distance legal education at the present stage in the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, characterizes the features of legal regulation of distance legal education in Ukraine, identifies positive and negative aspects of distance legal education, ways to improve distance legal education. The number of universities offering distance learning, including law, is increasing, and this trend is observed all over the world. The world's leading educational institutions are opening distance learning centers in other countries, the most remote parts of the globe. Migration processes force many people to leave their homeland and seek a better life abroad. There are difficulties in adapting to new conditions, including education. Distance education can help Ukrainian migrants obtain Ukrainian diplomas and become more competitive. The positive aspects of distance legal education include such opportunities as: education of persons who in certain circumstances are unable to obtain it in any other way; obtaining education without separation from production, place of residence, as well as obtaining several educations at the same time in different educational institutions; getting an education at a time convenient for the student, in a convenient place and at a convenient pace of study; formation of a set of independent training courses (modules) of the optimal individual or group curriculum; simultaneous communication of students with teachers and with each other regardless of their location and time of entry into the information and telecommunication network; reduction of training costs (no costs for rent, travel to the place of study for both teachers and students; improving the quality of education through the use of modern tools, large electronic libraries, etc.; creation of a single educational space; use of the latest information and telecommunication technologies in the educational process, etc. In turn, the negative aspects of distance legal education can be considered: the actual lack of domestic development of qualified teaching aids (electronic textbooks and books, tests and virtual simulators, etc.) in the specialty “Law”; low level of computerization of educational institutions; lack of a perfect regulatory framework for the existence and development of distance education and state-recognized conceptual developments, which undermines its national importance and reduces it to the corporate interests of certain groups of people who may sometimes be incompetent in this area, and others. The use of cloud technologies in the training of future lawyers at the university helps to intensify the educational process, increase student motivation to obtain a future specialty, ensures student mobility, cooperation between students and teachers, the formation of professional competencies.

Background to the development of technology of formation of teachers readiness for distance learning

The current stage of distance education development demands enhancement of standards for training of teachers working in that area. Only professional teachers are able to provide quality education for people with different abilities, interests and needs, considering their personal characteristics and specifics of distance education. It is critically important to analyse the experience and professional qualities of teachers involved in distance learning given the uniqueness of the current situation and a high probability of transition to distance education. The study was focused on establishing the actual preparedness level of teachers for distance learning and identifying prerequisites for formation of teachers’ readiness to provide students distance education. Key words: teacher, readiness, distance education, distance learning technologies, information and communication technologies.

Influencing Factors of Distance Learning Students’ Support Services in a Smart Education Environment

This paper designed a questionnaire on influencing factors of distance students’ support services under the smart education environment and analyzed influences of five aspects (course support, technical support, faculty support, emotional support and management support) of students’ support services in distance education on the satisfaction of learners. Besides, differences in learners’ satisfaction in terms of gender, age groups, profession, and distance learning period were analyzed. Research results demonstrate that the Cronbach’s alpha, KMO, and p value of the designed questionnaire were 0.984, 0.855, and 0.000, respectively, indicating that that the reliability and validity of this paper are good. Course support, technical support, faculty support, and management support have statistically significant influences on learners’ satisfaction. However, emotional support does not promote learners’ satisfaction significantly. Age and distance learning period have significant differences in influencing learners’ satisfaction. Results can provide references to build a good learning support service system, promote the high-quality development of distance education and systematic construction of other types of students’ support services.

CHANGES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This article examines changes in the process of medical education and health care systems around the world caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of scientific and scientific-methodical literature shows: emergence and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to the development and improvement of distance education. It is already indisputable that a return to the regular curriculum is unlikely and that most of the creative changes that have already taken place during quarantine restrictions will be improved and used in the future.

Peculiarities of formation of culture of distance learning

The purpose of this article. Become familiarized with the perception of the new cultural phenomenon of “distance learning” by participants in the educational process and determine what are the trends in their behavior in the new conditions of distance education.
 The methodology. The methodological basis includes systematic and comparative approaches, as well as analysis of the results of the survey of participants in the educational process of the “Angström” Lyceum of Distance Education.
 The results. Features of formation of distance learning, distribution and institutionalization of distance form of education are considered. The study of the learning process gives new approaches to understanding this phenomenon as a holistic full-fledged educational process that meets the needs of students and the conditions of development of modern society. It is proposed to analyze the activities of distance education institutions in two types of culture: the field of application of IT technologies in the traditional format of education and IT as products in its form and content. The results of the survey show the achievements and attitudes of applicants to the proposed educational technologies. The following directions of researches are offered: perception by consumers of distance education and change of their lifestyle, values, norms of behavior, culture of communication; emergence and organization of resource methodological centers to ensure and implement distance learning; achievements, prospects for the development of distance education and the consequences for the state of the whole industry. The study concludes that the concept of distance learning is perceived as a full-fledged form of education. The authors suggest that distance learning may become one of the leading forms of learning for Ukrainian society.
 The scientific novelty. An attempt is made to mark out a new interpretation of the phenomenon of “distance learning” from the point of view of the consumer and new conditions for the development of society. The results are analyzed and the conclusions of the research of the opinion of the participants of the educational process of the distance education institution are summarized.
 The practical significance. The key results of this study can be used by researchers and the administration of educational institutions, which are responsible for the organization of distance learning, as well as for further improvement of research activities in the field of education.

The Sudden Shift to Distance Learning: Challenges Facing Teachers

This study explores challenges facing teachers in distance education programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in this study are teachers from 8 intermediate schools in Kuwait. A convergent parallel mixed methods research design was used to collect survey and interview data. The study generates survey data from 215 teachers and interview data from 8 teachers to determine teachers’ perceptions of the challenges they face. The findings of the study suggest that teachers are willing to use technology but lacked technological and pedagogical knowledge and were not prepared for making the sudden shift to distance education. The study highlights the importance of teachers’ professional development in distance education. This study has implications for schools and policy makers who are forced to suddenly revert to distance learning during a pandemic.

Distance Education and Human Resource Development: An Empirical Review

Distance education has been justified by many researchers to augment the development of human resources. This paper aimed to find out the extent to which distance education contributes to human resource development around the globe. The uniqueness of this study stem from its focus on bringing together on one platform differing empirical findings on distance education and human resource development. The study sought to synthesize the various studies focusing on the degree to which distance education influence human resource development. The rationale for this approach was to make it easier for decision makers and practitioners interested in such information to have unfettered access to varieties of opinion to inform strategic decision making. The paper explored empirical studies that have examined the relationship between distance education and human resource development. In all, 94 articles were consulted, however, 63 were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis. These 63 articles were considered eligible based on their relevance to the study and for the fact that they were written in English Language. The review found the contribution of distance education to human resource development in areas of improved educational and professional capabilities of individuals, increased employability, income, standards of living and reduced marginalization. The review however, did not find any national policy framework geared towards the funding of distance education. The implication is that government and nations which have established distance education as an alternative mode of providing higher education should as a matter of importance focus on the establishment and implementation of national policies addressing issues of funding, technological innovation and the efficient running of distance education.

Distance Education in Veterinary Medicine: History, Current Situation, and Future Perspectives (a Systematic Review)

Technology has revolutionized education making it more accessible, overcoming time and space barriers, and reducing costs for undergraduates and professionals. In veterinary medicine as well as in other knowledge areas, distance education has evolved, going to the forefront of technological advances. Today, many tools, courses, and online platforms are available to facilitate and enhance the teaching-learning process for institutions and students. However, because of the Covid-19 (Sars-CoV-2) pandemic, educational institutions and veterinary medicine students around the world were forced to use distance education tools, many of them without being prepared or knowing the tools available or not having the necessary tools. In this sense, seeking to offer students and educators information about the evolution of distance education in veterinary medicine, its current situation and available tools, it was made a systematic review using the databases Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar, gathering more than 244 journal articles, and finally 116 articles were selected. The selected articles were analyzed for the history, platforms, and resources available, difficulties, current situation, and future perspectives, as well as the advantages and need of distance education in the actual pandemic situation. We can conclude that distance education is currently an indispensable tool in veterinary medicine, complementing face-to-face courses and reducing costs. This has led to the development of several platforms, applications and online educational resources that facilitate and enhance the teaching-learning process for educational institutions, veterinary students, and professionals. Keywords: Online learning. E-learning. Distance learning. Digital tools. Veterinary education.

Contribution of online education in access to higher education in Mozambique: Case of ISCED (2015-2018)

The Mozambican Government adopted Distance Education in order to offer study opportunities to populations living far from large urban centres and who could not reach traditional face-to-face teaching. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the contribution of online education, adopted by Higher Institute of Education and Science during a period in which the lack of access to higher education promoted an upsurge of national inequality and the development of distance education was focused on a blended perspective. The research was designed with Mixed method, using the case study method, based on three sources (observation, interviews and documents). We used SPSS 21 (IBM) Amonk, New York, USA and Excel (Microsoft) Washington DC, USA for statistical analysis. In terms of results, it can be seen that the online modality, allows many Mozambicans to have access to higher education in Mozambique through the Virtual Learning Environment