Determination Of Average Values Research Articles

Selection justification of the technology of intensive production of rabbit meat

The article presents the results of research on the productivity of rabbits of different genotypes (growth and development, slaughter and meat indicators, fur productivity); a comprehensive evaluation of the productivity of rabbits in the process of industrial hybridization was carried out. The following research methods were used in the work: zootechnical (productivity, growth and development, reproductive capacity), genetic, biometric (determination of average values and their errors, probabilities of research results).
 The study was carried out in the FG "Elit" of the Kolomyia district; PE "Western Ukrainian Gardens" of Halytsky District; PP Havrylyuk O. Ya. Bogorodchansky district. The method of pairs of analogues was used in the studies. Their selection took into account genotype, sex, age, live weight, origin, physiological state, lactation period, fertility, productivity (reproduction of female rabbits, fattening and slaughter indicators, etc.). Analogous animals in different groups had maximum similarity, and some differences were allowed within the group.
 The productivity of female rabbits and young rabbits was evaluated according to the index of reproductive qualities of the female rabbit (Luchin, 2004) and the index of comprehensive assessment (PKO) (Luchin, 2005). The received materials of scientific research were processed by the methods of variational statistics according to V.P. Kovalenko et al. (2010).
 It was established that different variants of crossing the maternal and paternal forms of the three-breed genotype of rabbits 4/8 white giant 3/8 local chinchilla 1/8 Flanders had different effects on the reproductive indicators of female rabbits and subsequent fattening indicators of young rabbits, in particular, average daily growth and waist width.
 A successful combination of maternal and paternal forms of rabbits (group 2) was revealed, which in the process of industrial hybridization ensured an increase in multifertility by 8.1 head or 2.5 % (р<0.05), high fertility by 64g or 6.25 % (р<0.05), milk yield by 2.8 kg or 7.2 % (p<0.05), nest weight at 35 days old by 13.4 % (p<0.01). The hybrid young obtained from female rabbits of group 2 (IVYAK + 5 %) was characterized by a higher body weight by 43.8 g or 10.3 % (p<0.001) and waist width by 6.15 cm or 12.2 % (p< 0.001) to 3 control groups.
 The positive result was achieved due to the effective combination of the initial forms, which in turn ensured high productivity of the stock (heterosis) of the final hybrid and its resistance to climatic and technological conditions of keeping.

Social interaction as a factor of preventing the crisis of motivation in student learning

The article substantiates the resources of social interaction “teacher – student” in preventing the crisis of motivation in student learning and highlights areas for improvement. To study the motivation of the modern student youth, the author used methods for determining learning motives (modified by A.A. Rean, V.A. Yakunin), methods for diagnosing the internal motivation for learning (T.D. Dubovytska), method “Value Orientations” (M. Rokeach), method “SAMOAL”, author’s questionnaire “I master the profession”. In the process of analysis of the obtained results, the methods of descriptive statistics were used: determination of average values and frequency analysisConclusions based on the results of an empirical study of learning motivation are presented. Key aspects of the theory of motivation and factors of motivation of the person to educational activity are noted. It is noted that the interaction of a teacher and the students is a situational factor motivating educational activities, it is able to actualize a significant number of learning motives, to ensure the effectiveness of procedural and effective component. The author claims that in the interaction of a teacher with the students there is a wide range of opportunities to ensure positive flow experiences of both parties. Among them - the ability to meet the needs of students in security (by forming readiness for adult independent life: mastering the profession, a sense of support from others), respect and self-esteem (by forming competencies and awareness), self-actualization and self-realization (by ensuring individual choices, interests) in educational activities. The components of social interaction of teachers with students aimed at maintaining the motivation of learning and prevention of the crisis of motivation are offered. The program of seminars-trainings for scientific and pedagogical workers of the universities is described, which provides elaboration of various aspects of interaction with students, important for maintaining their motivation for educational activity. Limitations: the article contains the results of a study of student motivation conducted by the author before the pandemic, which could make adjustments to the prevailing motives for learning; signs of crisis of learning motivation and risks of its occurrence are described according to the teaching experience of the author and colleagues, no data were collected on the spectrum of their manifestation and frequency in a representative sample; the conclusion about the resources of social interaction “teacher – student” in preventing the crisis of learning motivation is based on a theoretical understanding of the problem of motivating individuals to work and requires further long-term and thorough research to obtain more specific data

НАНЕСЕНИЕ НИЗКОСКОРОСТНЫХ УДАРНЫХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ НА ПОЛНОРАЗМЕРНЫЕ АВИАЦИОННЫЕ ДЕТАЛИ ИЗ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ ОБЪЕКТА К ПРОЧНОСТНЫМ ИСПЫТАНИЯМ ПРИ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИИ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ТРЕБОВАНИЯМ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ПРАВИЛ

The paper describes the results of a set of statistical data on damage as applied to various structural zones on the application of low-speed impact damage to full-size parts made of polymer composite materials of an aircraft engine to work out the statistics. For this type of work, an installation for application of the required low-velocity impact damage, similar to a pendulum- type copter, has been developed; the developed installation allows application of low-velocity impact damage in a certain range of energies. When performing the work, different zones of the structure (regular shell, flange thickenings, places of thickness change, etc.) were taken into account, the damage was applied taking into account the selected zone. Based on the results of the work, a set of statistical data of applied damage (geometric dimensions, impact interaction characteristics, visual differences) for different structural zones of the structure was obtained, statistical analysis of the obtained test results with determination of average values, standard deviations and variation coefficients of damage depth and maximum diameter was performed. The results of the work are presented in the form of plots of dependences of geometric dimensions of the damage on the actual impact energy. The presented approach to low-velocity impact damage, which is based on the use of full-size structures as test objects, makes it possible to unambiguously determine the required parameters of impact damage to be taken into account when planning the experiment and when substantiating the static and fatigue strength of the structure.

МОРФОЛОГИЯ ПЕЧЕНОЧНЫХ ВЕН КРОЛИКА

This article describes the features of the topography, drainage zones and the nature of the branching of the hepatic veins in the domestic rabbit. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Biology and Soil Science of the Orenburg State University in the period 2020-2021. To study the venous outflow from the liver, sexually mature (six to seven months old) rabbits of the Butterfly breed were used. For this purpose, corrosive preparations of the hepatic veins (n=15) were obtained. To fill the venous system, Sherwin Williams Promar 400 latex paint was used. Corrosion was carried out in a 20-25% hydrochloric acid solution for seven days. The length and diameter of the vessels, the angles of their confluence and divergence were subjected to measurements. The obtained morphometric data were statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel program. Statistical study consisted in the construction of variational series, the determination of average values, the coefficient of reliability of the difference in average values. During the study, it was found that venous drainage is carried out through four independent hepatic veins, which form according to the main type and flow into the caudal vena cava. The caudate process of the caudate lobe and the left lateral lobe have independent venous vessels. The remaining lobes have common efferent venous trunks and have intraorgan communications within the main lobes. Morphometric parameters indicate the predominant development of the middle (4.48±0.18 mm) and left (1.51±0.11 mm) hepatic veins. It was determined that the drainage of each lobe is carried out by three veins of the third order, forming a three-level system of vascularization. The mastoid and caudate processes of the caudate lobe have different blood outflow systems that are not interconnected.

ПЕРЕБІГ ЗАГРОЗИ ПЕРЕРИВАННЯ ВАГІТНОСТІ ПРИ РІЗНИХ ТИПАХ ХРОНІЧНИХ ГАСТРИТІВ

Переривання вагітності – одна з важливих медико-соціальних проблем в усьому світі. Функціонально-морфологічні зміни в статевій сфері, які супроводжують нормальний ріст і розвиток плода при фізіологічній вагітності обумовлюють в різній мірі участь інших органів і систем материнського організму, сприяють зміні процесів обміну і підтримці гомеостазу в нових умовах для збереження вагітності. Розлади моторики шлунково-кишкового тракту можуть бути провідним патогенетичним чинником, що сприяє розвитку багатьох поширених гастроентерологічних розладів. Під час вагітності відзначається зниження перистальтичної активності кишечника, що може відігравати патогенетичну роль при вагітності як чинника, що призводить до зниження моторно-евакуаторної функції кишечника і, в свою чергу, здійснювати негативний вплив на перебіг вагітності. Метою дослідження було визначення особливостей клінічного перебігу загрози переривання в ранні терміни гестації у жінок з різними типами хронічних гастритів для оптимізації тактики ведення вагітності. Обстежено 67 вагітних із загрозою переривання в терміни 8-12 тижнів гестації, які становили 2 групи: 1 група- 35(52,2%) жінок з хронічними гастритами та 2 група – 32(47,8%) пацієнтки, які не мали гастритів. На початок вагітності всі жінки з хронічними гастритами були в стадії ремісії. Для визначення ролі моторно-евакуаторної функції ШКТ у розвитку загрози переривання у вагітних з гастритами проведена порівняльна оцінка частоти і виразності проявів даного ускладнення в ранні терміни за провідними клінічними ознаками: больовий синдром, кров’янисті виділення, наявність ретрохоріальної гематоми в поєднанні з основними гастроентерологічними проявами (блювання, закрепи) моторно-евакуаторної функції ШКТ при різних типах гастритів. Підтвердження типу гастриту проводилося за визначенням рівня базальної секреції гастрину 17 (G-17) в сироватці крові на тлі стимулюючого тесту. Результати оброблені методами математичного і статистичного аналізу з визначенням середніх величин (М ± m), критерія Стьюдента та показника достовірності (статистично достовірними вважали різницю р ˂ 0,05).Результати. Всі обстежені жінки знаходились в репродуктивному віці, середній вік вагітних в групах не мав статистичної різниці. Аналіз частоти клінічних проявів загрози переривання показав, що серед пацієнток 1 групи 35(100%) мали больову симптоматику, 30(85,7%) – кров’яністі виділення та 10(28,6%) – ретрохоріальну гематому, в 2 групі –відповідно: 32(100%), 12 (37,5%), 5(15,6%). Оцінка інтенсивності симптомів загрози переривання показала, що найчастіше відмічався помірний рівень болю при всіх типах гастритів Слабка інтенсивність мала місце при нормоацидному стані у жінок як 1групи (11,4%), так і 2 групи (9,4%). Сильний за інтенсивністю біль відмічали 2,9% вагітних 1 групи з гіперацидним станом та 3,1% жінок 2 групи з гіпоацидним станом. Аналіз характеру та інтенсивності кров’янистих виділень показав, що у жінок 1 групи при всіх типах гастритів були мажучі виділення: при гіперацидному типі у 11,4%, нормоацидному – 20,0% та гіпоацидному типі – у 11,4%.У жінок 2 групи мажучі виділення відмічені в 9,4% пацієнток з нормоацидним станом. Наявність помірних кров’янистих виділень була значно високою (в 7,4 рази вище) при гіперацидному стані у вагітних 1 групи в порівнянні з 2 групою. Ретрохоріальні гематоми реєструвались у вагітних 1 групи і становили 14,3% у пацієнток з гіперацидним типом, 5,7% - при нормоацидному типі і 8,6% - при гіпоацидному типі. Наявність ретрохоріальних гематом в 2,5 рази була вищою при гіперацидному гастриті в порівнянні з жінками з нормоацидним та в 1,7 рази вищою в порівнянні з гіпоацидним гастритом. Оцінка частоти поєднаних клінічних проявів функціональних захворювань ШКТ у вагітних із загрозою переривання вагітності показала, що прояви тільки загрози переривання спостерігались у 65,6% вагітних без гастритів, серед вагітних з гастритами їх відсоток становив лише 5,7%. Різні варіанти поєднаних клінічних проявів функціональних розладів ШКТ і загрози переривання суттєво переважали у жінок з хронічними гастритами: загроза переривання і блювання вагітних в 3 рази, загроза, блювання і закрепи – в 4,3 рази, загроза переривання і закрепи – в 1,6 рази. Найчастіше відмічено поєднання загрози переривання і блювоти вагітних при гіперацидному стані у жінок 1 групи (в 2,7 разів частіше ніж у жінок 2 групи). Варіант співвідношення загрози переривання, блювання вагітних та закрепів при гіперацидному стані в 3,6 разів частіше зустрічався серед жінок 1 групи, ніж 2 групи. Варіант загрози переривання із закрепами реєструвався у 17,1% жінок 1 групи при гіперацидному стані, що було в 2,7 разів частіше, ніж у жінок 2 групи. Найчастіше клінічні прояви загрози переривання і функціональні розлади ШКТ проявлялись в вагітних з хронічними гастритами при гіперацидному стані. Висновки. В клінічному перебігу загрози переривання вагітності важливу роль відіграє дисфункція моторно-евакуаторної діяльності ШКТ в залежності від типу хронічного гастриту, опосередкованого різною кислотоутворюючою функцією шлунку, що свідчить про необхідність оптимізації лікувальної тактики загрози переривання у вагітних з різними типами гастритів.

INCREASE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS

The article is devoted to the development of a method for determining the minimum interaction surface in a system of heat exchangers. A comparative analysis of direct-flow and counter-current types of heat exchange is carried out in relation to the creation of systems for ensuring temperature conditions, for which weight and size characteristics are decisive. It is shown that the main characteristic of efficiency in the design and simulation of heat exchangers, based on the temperature representation, is not applicable for devices with a phase transition.The definition of efficiency as the energy characteristic of the energy exchange process of interacting flows is proposed. Comparison of the energy received by the heated stream from the heating stream made it possible to determine the energy potential in the heat exchanger. The introduction of energy efficiency made it possible to substantiate the relationship between the efficiency of once-through and counter-flow heat exchangers with access to structural and thermophysical requirements. The analysis of analytical relationships showed that in assessing the thermal stresses arising in the apparatus, the determination of average values over the surface of the temperature of the coolant plays a significant role.It is shown that the countercurrent heat exchanger represents the limiting case of minimizing the heat transfer area. The increase in the efficiency of once-through heat exchangers due to sectioning is analyzed and the possibility of increasing the efficiency of once-through heat exchangers is shown. The research results indicate not only the topological equivalence of the direct-flow apparatus system to one counter-current, but also the possibility of constructing a partitioned apparatus system with the serial connection of its elements with an efficiency equal to the efficiency of counter-current apparatuses.A recursive algorithm is proposed for constructing a partitioned system of direct-flow apparatus. The developed method can be used to create computer-aided design systems for heat exchangers of complex chemical plants.

Analysis of the degree of innovative labor activization of the employed population of Ukraine

The activization of innovative labor of the employed population is an important prerequisite for socio- economic development in Ukraine. In the context of high IT penetration and intellectualization of Ukraine’s economy, this innovative type of employment will contribute not only to the realization of the population creative and intellectual potential, but also to the improvement of human capital quality. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a methodical approach to determine the degree of activization of the employed population innovative labor. With this aim in mind, a set of methods was used in the research, such as analysis and synthesis, logical generalization and comparison, taxonomic analysis and formalization. The peculiarity of the developed methodical approach is the ability: to evaluate the initial indicators in a certain time period; to group them into partial indicators reflecting the status and features of innovative work of the employed population at the regional level; to analyze the level of partial indicators with the determination of average values in time and regional aspects; to determine the level of the integral indicator. This will allow, on the one hand, making more structured analysis, and on the other, conducting comprehensive analysis of causes of dynamics for both innovative labor and its components.

Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности течения острых бактериальных менингитов в различных возрастных группах

The clinical and epidemiological features of the course of acute bacterial meningitis in various age groups of patients in the period from 2014 to 2018 are described. An analysis of 398 case histories of patients was performed. Patients were divided into 5 age groups. The inclusion criterion is the presence of bacterial meningitis of any etiology. Patients with serious meningitis of viral and tuberculous etiology were excluded. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS program (determination of compliance with Gauss law, descriptive statistics, determination of average values, relationships between disease indicators, Bonferroni correction). Risk factors were determined, the course of neuro infection in various age groups was revealed, the criteria and the timing of the diagnosis of meningitis.

On the individual students’ work management via e-learning environment

The paper presents the results of the experiment on the extracurricular individual students’ work based on web-support of learning activities. The issue relevance is contingent with reduction of the teaching load for regular students. The following methods of the academic research are applied: theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, generalisation of educational experience), empiric (lesson observation, a pedagogic experiment, questionnaires, tests, conversation) and statistical (determination of average values, scaling). A survey has been done among the first-year studentsbeing on the technical training programme at Novosibirsk State Technical University and studying mathematical analysis via the DiSpace 2.0 e-learning system. The use of the electronic educational-methodical complex for the support of extracurricular individual students’ learning activities has proved to increase motivation, interest in studies, and the level of acquired competence.

Structural analysis of iron based intermetallic phases in secondary AlSi6Cu4 cast alloy

Abstract The use of secondary aluminum alloys is increasing because it contributes to the decrease of production costs. However, these alloys contain bigger amount of iron. Iron has a negative effect and therefore its elimination is necessary in order to add some elements, which are also called correctors of iron. The most frequently used corrector is manganese. Another quite often used correctors are chromium, potassium, magnesium, vanadium. In the following work, vanadium is used as a corrector of iron phases. The application of vanadium in aluminum alloys has a positive impact on their mechanical properties, increases the tensile strength, ductility and hardness. As experimental material AlSi6Cu4 alloy was used. It was alloyed by master alloy AlFe10. After adding to the master alloy the iron content, the critical value in the alloy exceeded. Vanadium was added to AlSi6Cu4 alloy in different quantities. The image analysis (software NIS-Elements) was used for quantifying the amount of iron based intermetallic phases and determination of average values.

Household water use: a Portuguese field study

Household water use structure can vary significantly depending on several factors like personal habits, socio-economic, cultural and climatic conditions. In the absence of Portuguese data on domestic water consumption, a field study was carried out in order to obtain information that could help support the definition of water conservation measures within the scope of the Portuguese National Program for the Efficient Use of Water. The paper describes the methodology and results obtained in this study, which involved approximately 100 participants that made a characterization of their appliances and detailed recordings of all water uses. Results allowed for the determination of average values of usage duration and frequency for each appliance, total volume consumed per water appliance and per capita water consumption. In terms of consumption structure, it was found that showering and bathing were the main components (36±13%) followed by taps (29±10%) and toilet flushing (21±7%).

Kriging in the hydrosciences

Most of the methods currently used in hydrosciences for interpolation and spatial averaging fail to quantify the accuracy of the estimates. The theory of regionalized variables enables one to point out the relationship between the spatial correlation of hydrometeorological or hydrogeological fields and the precision of interpolation, or determination of average values, over these fields. A new estimation method called kriging has proven to be quite well adapted to solving water resources problems. The author presents a series of case-studies in automatic contouring, data input for numerical models, estimation of average precipitation over a given catchment area, and measurement network design.