Detection Of Peroxide Research Articles

Rapid preparation of Ag/CoO/rGO composites for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide

The preparation process of the Ag/CoO/rGO SPE was described, along with the material characterization and electrochemical performance using laser etching technology.

Formation of MnO2-coated ITO electrodes with high catalytic activity for enzymatic glucose detection.

We present the formation of a cheap and environmentally friendly working electrode material for glucose biosensors with good catalytic properties. The classic electrode in such devices consists of a conductive material modified with the enzyme glucose oxidase. The working principle is the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide as a product of the enzymatic transformation of glucose. As a base material, we offer manganese dioxide; it is a natural highly selective catalyst for the decomposition of H2O2 and is electrochemically deposited onto the surface of ITO. We approached the formation of MnO2 films systematically. By changing parameters such as the deposition method, pH of the electrolyte, and the drying temperature of the precipitate, a series of electrodes were formed. These electrodes were characterized by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and XPS and their electrocatalytic activity was studied. Significant differences in the sensitivity of the electrodes were detected. The manganese dioxide film with the best catalytic characteristics is formed in the electrolyte with pH 1 by cyclic voltammetry and then drying at 60 °C. The surface of the electrode was then modified with a solution of GOx enzyme with a concentration of 2 mg ml-1 (100-250 units per mg solid). The sensitivity of such an electrode is 117.8 μA mmol-1 cm-2. The range of determined concentrations of glucose is from 0.1 mM to 3 mM. The sensitivity is comparable to that of electrodes based on expensive materials such as graphene and noble metals.

An electrochemical microsensor based on a specific recognition element for the simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid in the live rat brain.

A novel electrochemical microsensor was developed for the ratiometric and simultaneous determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbic acid (AA) based on the borate-phenol "switch" recognition mechanism and carbon nanotube (CNT) catalytic characteristics. First of all, a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) was coated with CNTs. Then, a specific probe, 9-anthraceneboronic acid pinacol ester (9-AP), was screened and decorated on CNTs through π-π stacking for the recognition of H2O2 based on the transformation of boric acid ester into electroactive phenols. CNTs not only served as the amplifiers of current signals, but also as catalysts facilitating AA oxidation. Meanwhile, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc), inert to H2O2 and AA, was modified on another amino-functionalized CNT microelectrode via an amide bond as an internal reference channel for avoiding errors caused by environmental discrepancies. The two-channel ratiometric microsensor enabled the sensitive and accurate detection of H2O2 and AA simultaneously, and the detection limits were estimated to be 0.09 μM and 4.12 μM, respectively. The developed microsensor with remarkable analytical performance was finally applied for the simultaneous detection of H2O2 and AA in the live rat brain.

Ru-W modified graphitic carbon nitride by a monomer complexation synthesis approach from a tailored polyoxometalate: towards electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide released by cells.

Detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from cell cultures is important for monitoring different diseases. Here, g-C3N4 (gCN) was incorporated into well-defined clusters of RuW (RuW-gCN) through monomer complexation of Ru-substituted phosphotungstate and melamine for electrochemical detection of H2O2. RuW-gCN exhibited enhanced electrochemical sensing properties in comparison to its constituents due to the synergic effects between RuW and gCN. The characterization of RuW-gCN revealed successful complexation to form the composite in addition to the presence of a layered structure of gCN. The electrochemical sensor made of RuW-gCN was able to detect H2O2 with a detection limit of 46 nM in the linear ranges from 100 nM to 50 μM and from 50 μM to 1 mM. The developed sensor was employed for the selective detection of H2O2 in the presence of analytes like ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine, and glucose in addition to being stable even after a week of storage at room temperature. It has also been verified for real sample application by detecting H2O2 produced by cancer cells as a result of an AA trigger.

Novel polymeric cobalt tetrabenzimidazole phthalocyanine for nanomolar detection of hydrogen peroxide

Synthesized poly(CoTBImPc) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CNT/poly(CoTBmIPc)) and used as an amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Electrochemical monitoring of hydrogen peroxide by a signal-amplified microfluidic chip coupled with colloidal VO2 nanostructures as a peroxidase enzyme mimic.

We present a novel electrochemical microfluidic device for the sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through a VO2 nanostructure enzyme mimic. The low-cost ($0.50) microfluidic chip was fabricated using a simple and rapid prototyping technique via three syringe needles. Each needle played the role of an electrode (working, reference, and counter), and was connected by micro-hoses to a construction of the electrochemical microfluidic chip. The colloidal VO2 nanoflakes with peroxidase-like activity could be easily transferred on to the electrodes by a syringe, for development of a novel electrochemical platform to enable the detection of H2O2. The unique microfluidic electrochemical sensor delivered a wide linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 300 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.14 μM. The facile, rapid, sensitive, and selective as-fabricated H2O2 sensors were proven to be appropriate for the real-time monitoring of H2O2 released from PC12 cells. The integration of a microfluidic sensor with an enzyme mimic nanostructure is essentially a promising strategy for the low-cost and accurate monitoring of physiological processes.

Fe(III)-incorporated porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer as a peroxidase mimic for the sensitive determination of glucose and H2O2.

Nanozymes, i.e., nanomaterials that possess intrinsic enzyme-like behaviour, have thrived over the past few decades owing to their advantages of superior stability and effortless storage. Such artificial enzymes can be a perfect alternative to naturally occurring enzymes, which have disadvantages of high cost and limited functionality. In this work, we present the fabrication of an Fe(III)-incorporated porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer as a nanozyme for the efficient detection of glucose through its intrinsic peroxidase activity and the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. The iron-incorporated porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer (Fe-DMP-POR) possesses a spherical morphology with high chemical and thermal stability. Exploiting the peroxidase-mimicking activity of the material for the determination of glucose, a detection limit of 4.84 μM is achieved with a linear range of 0-0.15 mM. The Fe-DMP-POR also exhibits a reasonable recovery range for the detection of human blood glucose. The as-synthesized material can also act as an H2O2 sensor, with a sensitivity of 947.67 μA cm-2 mM-1 and a limit of detection of 3.16 μM.

A QR code-integrated chromogenic paper strip for detection of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous samples.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is commonly used as a preservative, disinfectant, bleach, and oxidizing agent. The prolonged consumption of H2O2 adulterated milk is harmful to human health when consumed in the diet. Exposure to H2O2 can lead to oxidative stress, cell damage and tissue injury. Due to the potential adverse effects, the use of hydrogen peroxide is regulated in certain applications, such as in food, water treatment plants and medical products. Several methods are available for the detection of H2O2 in various matrices. Here, a method and QR code-integrated chromogenic paper strip for the detection of H2O2 in aqueous samples has been developed. The spectrophotometric method showed an LOD and LOQ of 0.00087 ± 8.70 ×10-5% (v/v) and 0.0037 ± 0.0003% (v/v), respectively. The paper-based chromogenic strip prepared by immobilizing recognition solution onto a QR code was able to detect 0.0005% v/v of H2O2 in aqueous samples. The QR integrated chromogenic paper strip sensors can serve as a useful tool for consumers, regulatory agencies, and the food industry to assess food quality and authenticity.

Ligand influence in electrocatalytic properties of Cu(II) triazole complexes for hydrogen peroxide detection in aqueous media.

In this work, electrocatalytic changes of Cu(II) triazole complexes (Cu(L)2) resulting from inductive effects were evaluated to fabricate a sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination. Three copper(II) complexes with electronically differentiated ligands were synthesized by slow diffusion method and characterized by X-ray crystallography, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and voltammetry cyclic (CV). Cu(LOMe)2/GC, Cu(LBr)2/GC and Cu(LNO2)2/GC sensors were then prepared. Under optimal conditions (pH = 11), the optimal sensor presented a response at -0.5 V, good linear range of 1-32 μM, reproducibility (1.7%), repeatability (1.2%), LOD of 0.0246 μM (S/N = 5), LOQ of 0.0747 μM (S/N = 5) and selectivity. Additionally, Cu(LNO2)2/GC sensor has been successfully applied in commercial substances, such as mouthwash, milk and tea.

G-C3N4/MWCNT nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important chemical used in various industries like pharmaceutical, food, textile, material science, and cosmetics for various applications such as synthesis, medicine, disinfectant, bleaching, etc. The limited use is beneficial; however, the high level of H2O2 can create serious health issues for humans. Hence, precise and early detection is necessary. The present work reports electrochemical sensing of H2O2 by using graphitic carbon nitride multi-walled carbon nanotubes (g-C3N4/MWCNT) nanocomposite modified electrode. The formation of nanocomposite has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The H2O2 sensing is done by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results of all the techniques used have shown that g-C3N4/MWCNT nanocomposite does better H2O2 sensing (more sensitive) than g-C3N4 and MWCNT. To analyze the sensing kinetics, the DPV response is plotted against H2O2 concentration. The linear graph is acknowledged, which shows its potential for fabricating the sensor.

A strategy for the accurate detection of glucose in human serum based on the IFE effect of up-transformed nanoparticles

Here, the inner filter effect (IFE) was applied to construct a “turn off” mode up-conversion fluorescence and colorimetric dual-reading detection platform consisting of the chromogenic substance p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and NaYF4:Yb/Er@NaYF4 core–shell up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this strategy, hydrogen peroxide is produced in the process of glucose oxidation by catalyzing glucose oxidase (GOx). PPD is oxidized by H2O2 under the action of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), resulting in the transformation into its oxidation product PPDox, whose absorption peak coincides with the emission peak of UCNP at 540 nm, which can significantly quench the fluorescence of UCNP. The quenching efficiency is related to PPDox production, so the relationship between the glucose content and the fluorescence changes of UCNP can be established to realize the sensitive detection of glucose. UCNPs modified by –COOH and the oxidation product of PPD were negatively charged, which increased the distance between donor and recipient due to electrostatic repulsion. It was not conducive to the occurrence of distance-dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which was also verified by fluorescence lifetime test. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear ranges of hydrogen peroxide and glucose were 2.5 ∼ 50 and 5 ∼ 80 μmol/L with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.32 and 0.83 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than of some reported approaches. Furthermore, the system could be applied to the detection of glucose in actual serum sample and the results were consistency of commercial glucose meters which indicated that the protocol was reliable and potential applications for clinical diagnosis.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Fusarium oxysporum and their therapeutic applications

Biological method has evolved to become an important field of nano-biotechnology due to its harmless nature, to be fast and cost-effective. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have been the research topic for their unique properties such as diagnosing, treating, and preventing various diseases in all aspects of human life. This work aimed to establish an extracellular and intracellular synthesis of SNPs from Fusarium oxysporum, focusing on evaluating their technological potential. The SNPs thus synthesized were visually characterized by the change of colour then confirmed by Ultra-violet (UV) Visible spectroscopy. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis; Streptococcus bovis; Staphylococcus epidermidis; S. aureus; Salmonella typhi; Escherichia. coli and Candida albicans showed a very effective inhibitory with 18±0.66mm as a highest value. The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method, and the synthesized nanoparticles recorded a remarkable percentage of free radical scavenges at 82,12 ± 0,42%, 70,46 ± 1,53% and 72,65 ± 1,33% for aqueous fungal extract, cell filtrate and biomass, respectively. The ability of the SNPs to detect hydrogen peroxide was illustrated by discoloration of the synthetic mixture, then confirmed by decreasing towards the disappearance of the characteristic peak. Finally, the photocatalytic performance was studied by the degradation of methylene blue. This activity showed a very interesting decrease in the peak intensity characteristic of this dye. In conclusion, synthesizing SNPs using F. oxysporium has proved their important technological property for the biological activities investigated.

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Cu2O/Cu Nanowires Decorated with TiO2-x Deriving from MXenes.

H2O2 is a major transmitter of redox signals in electrochemical processes, whose detection is relevant for various industries. Herein, we developed a new fabrication method for a Cu2O/Cu nanowire-based nonenzymatic H2O2 electrochemical sensor that was decorated with irregular TiO2-x nanoparticles deriving form Ti3C2 MXene. The TiO2-x/Cu2O/Cu-NW electrodes possess excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility for H2O2 detection in both EC and PEC operational modes. In the EC detection of H2O2, the TiO2-x/Cu2O/Cu-NW electrode shows a linear relationship in the range from 10 μM to 42.19 mM and a low detection limit of 0.79 μM (S/N = 3), which has a similar sensitivity but a much broader linear range compared with the commercial H2O2 analyzer (0-5.88 mM, Q45H/84, US-QContums). It also shows excellent recovery in detecting H2O2 in the real orange juice and milk samples with the recovery ranging from 96.9 to 105%, indicating the potential for practical applications. In the PEC detection of H2O2, the TiO2-x/Cu2O/Cu-NW electrode shows a lower detection limit of 59 nM (S/N = 3), which is 13 times more sensitive than the EC electrode. The enhanced PEC performance can be attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunction between TiO2-x and Cu2O, which improves light utilization and inhibits the recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes. This work illuminates the extraordinary potential of MXene-derived TiO2 in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical applications.

Biosensor based on bimetallic/graphene composite for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide in living tumor cells.

A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was manufactured with triple synergistic catalysis to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). In this study, a highly sensitive biosensor based on Prussian blue-chitosan/graphene-hemin nanomaterial/platinum and palladium nanoparticles (PB-CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd biosensor) was fabricated for the detection of H2 O2 . The materials described above were modified on the electrode surface and applied to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. The current response of the biosensor presented a linear relationship with H2 O2 concentration from 6 × 10-2 to 20μM (R2 = 0.9766) and with the logarithm of H2 O2 concentration from 20 to 9×103 μM (R2 = 0.9782), the low detection limit of 25nM was obtained at the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Besides, the biosensor showed an outstanding anti-interference ability and acceptable reproducibility. PB-CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd electrodes are effective in measuring H2 O2 from living tumor cells, which implies that the biosensor has the potential to assess reactive oxygen species in various living tumor cells.

Photoelectrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of breast cancer cell growth based on a porphyrin derivative modified TiO2 composite

In this paper, TiO2@TCPP composite was prepared by TCPP (5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) and titanium dioxide. It was used to construct photoelectrochemical sensor for detecting the hydrogen peroxide overexpressed in tumor microenvironment, and its mechanism of reactive oxygen species driven by light was explored, and its inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells was confirmed by cell apoptosis experiment. Compared with pure titanium dioxide, the composite TiO2@TCPP can not only absorb visible light which has almost no damage to normal cells, but also catalyze hydrogen peroxide and water to produce hydroxyl radicals which can kill tumor cells. At the same time, the photocurrent response of the composite TiO2@TCPP is stronger, indicating that the composite has good catalytic performance for hydrogen peroxide. The prepared photoelectrochemical sensor can quantitatively detect hydrogen peroxide. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of hydrogen peroxide is 1.0 × 10−5 mol/L ∼ 3.0 × 10−3 mol/L, and the detection limit is 0.32 μmol/L (S/N = 3). The results show that the composite can be used to fabricate photoelectrochemical sensors to detect hydrogen peroxide in tumor microenvironment, and it also has the application prospect of photodynamic therapy for breast cancer.

An enhanced chemiluminescence hybrids of luminol by sulfonated polyaniline decorated copper-based metal organic frame composite applicable to the measurement of hydrogen peroxide in a wide pH range

Here, sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) was decorated on the surface of copper-based metal organic frame (HKUST-1) and the composite was functionalized by luminol to construct a chemiluminescence (CL) hybrids (SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol). The as-prepared SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol demonstrated a great dispersion and stability performance in aqueous solution. Moreover, the resultant SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol hybrids exhibited extremely strong CL properties, and the CL quantum yield was 136 times higher than that of luminol. In particular, it exhibited outstanding CL activity not only under alkaline conditions, but also under neutral conditions. The sensitive response of the hybrid to hydrogen peroxide was used to construct CL methods for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at a wide range of pH, with the detection limit of 60 nM at a neutral condition and 25 pM at alkaline condition. Due to strong and stable signal of the SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol, the CL method provides a viable tool for determination of H2O2 in biological systems and enabled the monitoring of stimulated production of H2O2 released by living cells.

A Non‐Enzymatic and Electrochemical‐Based Sensor using a Prussian Blue‐Gold Nanoparticle‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Ternary Nanocomposite for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Detection.

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor has been developed using PBNCs/AuNPs/RGO ternary nanocomposite, in which gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are deposited on Prussian blue nanocubes (PBNCs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using two‐step in‐situ synthetic approach. The synthesized ternary nanocomposite shows high catalytic activity towards H2O2 sensing due to the synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles and RGO. The material was prepared by the co‐precipitation method, and the morphology of the synthesized composites was characterized using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and High‐resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). Electrochemical measurements were performed by modifying glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) with bare PBNCs, PBNCs/RGO, and PBNCs/AuNPs/RGO for low‐level detection of H2O2 using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry. The interference property was analyzed using ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and glucose as interfering agents. The modified electrode shows high sensitivity of 5.47 nA/nM and a limit of detection of 260 pM for H2O2 at (S/N=3). This electrochemical sensor observed a linear range of detection from 0.66 nM to 10.53 nM. The proposed sensor exhibits good stability, better selectivity, and a picomolar concentration detection limit for H2O2.

High-Throughput Microfluidic Production of Bimetallic Nanoparticles on MXene Nanosheets and Application in Hydrogen Peroxide Detection.

Nanoparticle-functionalized transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have attracted extensive attention in electrochemical detection owing to their excellent catalytic performance. However, the mainstream synthetic routes rely on the batch method requiring strict experimental conditions, generally leading to low yield and poor size tunability of particles. Herein, we report a high-throughput and continuous microfluidic platform for preparing a functional MXene (Ti3C2Tx) with bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt-Pd NPs) at room temperature. Two 3D micromixers with helical elements were integrated into the microfluidic platform to enhance the secondary flow for promoting transport and reaction in the synthesis process. The rapid mixing and strong vortices in these 3D micromixers prevent aggregation of NPs in the synthesis process, enabling a homogeneous distribution of Pt-Pd NPs. In this study, Pt-Pd NPs loaded on the MXene nanosheets were synthesized under various hydrodynamic conditions of 1-15 mL min-1 with controlled sizes, densities, and compositions. The mean size of Pt-Pd NPs could be readily controlled within the range 2.4-9.3 nm with high production rates up to 13 mg min-1. In addition, synthetic and electrochemical parameters were separately optimized to improve the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx/Pt-Pd. Finally, the optimized Ti3C2Tx/Pt-Pd was used for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection and shows excellent electrocatalytic activity. The electrode modified with Ti3C2Tx/Pt-Pd here presents a wide detection range for H2O2 from 1 to 12 000 μM with a limit of detection down to 0.3 μM and a sensitivity up to 300 μA mM-1 cm-2, superior to those prepared in the traditional batch method. The proposed microfluidic approach could greatly enhance the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx/Pt-Pd, and sheds new light on the large-scale production and catalytic application of the functional nanocomposites.

Electrochemical deposition of Prussian blue on Nb2CTx MXene modified carbon cloth for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide

The detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) holds significance in the food industry. In this work, carbon cloth (CC) was modified with a novel composite of Nb2CTx MXene and Prussian blue (PB) for the electrochemical detection of H2O2. Nb2CTx was drop casted on CC followed by the electrochemical deposition of PB using chronoamperometry at 0.7 V. It was found that uniform coverage of PB occurred on the underlying Nb2CTx surface. The electrochemical deposition time was optimized by varying the deposition times (240 s, 360 s, 480 s, and 600 s) and the material obtained after deposition for 480 s was found to produce better sensing characteristics towards the detection of H2O2. The Nb2CTx /PB480 modified CC was able to detect H2O2 linearly from 1 µM to 10 µM and from 10 µM to 100 µM with a limit of detection of 200 nM. The sensor was also able to showcase good selectivity to H2O2 even in the presence of interfering molecules like dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and sodium chloride. In addition, the material exhibited good storage stability, which was observed by the retention of 97 % of activity even after a storage time of 1 week. This material can be applied towards the sensing of H2O2 in milk since pH of the buffer used in the work matches the pH of the milk sample that was used.

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnZrO2/chitosan (ZnZrO2/CS) nanocomposite for highly sensitive detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide

In this work, pure ZnZrO2 and chitosan supported (ZnZrO2/CS) nanocomposite have been synthesized at low coast by hydrothermal method. FT-IR, Micro Raman, PXRD, HR-SEM-EDAX, HR-TEM, AFM, BET and XPS were used to analyze the structural and morphological properties of the fabricated nanocomposites. The fabricated ZnZrO2 and ZnZrO2/CS nanocomposites were measured for their electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and hydrogen peroxide determinations. The ZnZrO2/CS sensor exhibited wide detection range (5 μM to 5.85 mM), high sensitivity (6.78 μA mM−1 cm−2), LOD (2.31 μM), and long-term stability for glucose detection in alkaline solution. Also, as a multifunctional electrochemical sensor, ZnZrO2/CS sensor exhibits excellent sensing ability towards hydrogen peroxide, with a wide dynamic range (20 μM to 6.85 mM), a high sensitivity (2.22 μA mM−1 cm−2), and a LOD (2.08 μM) (S/N = 3). The electrochemical measurement shows that the ZnZrO2/CS sensor has excellent catalytic activity and a much LOD than ZnZrO2. The modified electrode showed excellent anti interference nature. Furthermore, this ZnZrO2/CS electrode was used to detection of glucose and H2O2 in human blood serum and HeLa cells respectively.