Departmental Programs Research Articles

What does critical thinking mean? Examination of pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures and definitions for critical thinking

This study aims to determine pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures and conceptual definitions for the concept of critical thinking, thereby revealing their perceptions about it. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research approaches, was employed in the study. The study group consists of 161 pre-service teachers from different departmental programs of a state university in Turkey (primary school teaching, mathematics education, science education, Turkish education, social sciences education and psychological counseling and guidance education) enrolled in the ‘Critical and Analytical Thinking’ elective course in the fall and spring semesters of the 2021–2022 academic year. A form consisting of open-ended questions prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. The first part of the form consists of a word association test used to reveal pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures about critical thinking and the relations between the concepts in this structure while the second part involves an open-ended question in response to which they can write their original definitions for critical thinking. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained from the form. The analysis showed that the pre-service teachers had rich cognitive structures for the definition and content of critical thinking, that they preferred to describe the concept of critical thinking as skill-based in their definitions and did not include critical thinking dispositions in their definitions as much as skills, although they emphasized many critical thinking dispositions in the word association test, that their definitions were consistent with the definitions in the literature, and that their perceptions of critical thinking were relevant to the nature of critical thinking.

РАЗВИТИЕ ТУРИНДУСТРИИ: ГЕОАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ

The study is aimed at finding a universal methodology for using geoanalytical data for the purpose of tourism statistics and at analyzing the characteristics of tourism and the touristic trips in Russian territories (Krasnodar region as an example) using data from mobile operators. The authors analyzed aggregated and depersonalized data of mobile operators, generated from cellular networks operation data. Data on cellular subscribers were adjusted for the market shares of mobile operators to obtain indicators that characterize the aggregate number of tourists and excursionists. The analysis allowed, firstly, to offer methodological approaches for working with geoanalytical data and, secondly, to reveal that in 2019-2020 the coronavirus pandemic did not have a significant negative impact on the number of tourists and excursionists which is most likely explained by the switching of citizens from foreign trips to domestic travel. Any impact of the pandemic on the tourists portrait was also not revealed. At the same time, geoanalytical data made it possible to highlight the preferences of Russian tourists in the Krasnodar region to stay in rented housing or live with relatives, friends or in their own housing instead of hotels and inns. During the pandemic these preferences were more explicit, which can be explained by some requirements or recommendations in collective accommodations that may not exist in the private sector. In general, geoanalytical data allow for a more complete and detailed accounting of tourist and excursion flows in a territory for: initiation of support measures for transport infrastructure, tourism development within the framework of state and departmental programs; targeted event planning and creation of related services as part of the tourism strategic development and territory

Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour Among Medical Students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences Port Harcourt

The study investigated information needs and seeking behaviour of medical students of PAMO University of medical sciences Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Five objectives and five research questions guided the study. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey design for the study, with a population of 371 comprising hundred and three hundred level students, from which a census sampling technique was used to sample the entire population. Questionnaire titled “Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Medical Students” (INSBMS) was used to gather the data. Out of 371 copies of questionnaire administered, only 365 copies were found valid for the analysis. The study was analysed using multiple statistical tools, frequency distribution of the simple percentage and mean scores. The findings of the study revealed that the information needs of medical students of PAMO University include academic information, like courses they are to study, assignment, examination timetable, what book to use for the course, departmental programs, personal health information, medical news and laboratory practicals. They consult different sources when seeking information among which are medical textbooks, lecturers, classmates, they consult the library, school notice board, internet, ebooks and databases; the students use the library often and expressed satisfaction with library services. Based on the challenges encountered by the students, the following recommendations are therefore postulated that a course on information need and seeking behaviour be introduced in all institutions of higher learning, this course will reduce the frustration medical students undergo when in need of information. PAMO University library should train students on how to construct effective searches to enhance their use of electronic information resources in the library.

“Applying” Education: A Focused Review of the 2019 American Anthropology Master's Career Survey Data

AbstractThis paper reports the results of the National Association for the Practice of Anthropology‐sponsored 2019 American Anthropology Master's Career Survey. Aimed at replicating the 2009 American Anthropological Association/Committee on Practicing, Applied, and Public Interest Anthropology MA Career Survey, the purpose of this new survey was to understand 1) how master's degree anthropology alumni have crafted careers, 2) what retrospective advice they have for departmental programs, and 3) whether they continue to identify with the profession. A total of 850 participants completed the survey. Parallel to the 2009 survey, applied anthropologists indicated overall satisfaction with their master's degree programs and reflected high variability in types of employment respondents hold. However, the lack of practical skills development and career preparation within master's programs were critiqued. We conclude with recommendations for anthropology programs to help better inform them of what their students need to learn in order to lead successful careers after graduation.

Dampak Pengangguran Kemiskinan Dan Konsep Teoritisnya Pada Pandemi Covid-19

Unemployment and poverty are one of the central themes in community and state life. In Indonesia unemployment and poverty have never been the main themes in elections, but there have been quite a number of seminars, public discussions, workshops and launching government programs. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, total unemployment and poverty in 2019 reached 38,000,686 people (37.70% of the total workforce).Facing poverty unemployment caused by impact pandemic covid-19, governmentcurrently has at least four programs namely Productive Labor Intensive, expanding plantations through inte- grated training, independent business, and TKPMP (Independent Professional Youth Workers). These programs have different orientation and target groups, which reflect the complexity of the problem of unemployment and poverty. However, it seems that these programs have not been implemented comprehensively, so that each program seems to be partial, not related to each oth- er especially with other departmental programs, the problem of poverty, vulnerable groups, and increasing unemployment need to get major attention.These problems also bring negative influences, such as increasingly loosened upsocial ties and weakening of values, and relationships between people. In addition to dealing with various neg- ative impacts of social change that are ignored by the concept of the theory, the phenomenon ex- perienced now is a very basic social cultural change. Information wave accelerationtechnology bring significant changes to poverty reduction which is an impact pandemic covid-19, both at the level of surface structure (attitudes and patterns behavior) and deep structure (value systems, outlook on life, philosophy and beliefs).Changes occur because of cultural contact between the meaning of the dialectics of new values with old values that dominate each other, which allows homoginesis and meoliberalisation in all aspects of life. This condition causes spit and uncertainty in the value of preventionpandemic covid-19 uses more modern values by marginalizing values transcendental. As a result there is a prolonged impact of various forms of moral value distortionreflected in the style, style and lifestyle of people from poverty due to impact pandemic covid-19.

SOME ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCE OF THE AUTHORIZED DIVISION (AUTHORIZED PERSONS) ON PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF CORRUPTION

The purpose of the article is that on the basis of the analysis of positions of scientists-administrators and norms of the current legislation it is necessary: first, to find out the meaning of the term competence in activity of public administration bodies issues of prevention and detection of corruption, secondly, to clarify the basic rights and responsibilities exercised by the authorized units (authorized persons) on the prevention and detection of corruption as part of the administrative and legal status of the latter. The relevance of the article is that one of the main problems associated with the high level of corruption in the activities of public authorities is the lack of effective departmental anti-corruption programs. The annual plans to prevent corruption in public authorities are mostly formal and reproduce the provisions of the relevant higher-level acts. The detection of corruption is virtually nullified, as there are no systems for detecting and analyzing the risks of corrupt procedures, and there is a neglect of the implementation of mechanisms for reporting suspicions of corruption and protecting those who report them. The article provides a scientific review. The article provides a scientific review of the positions of scientists on understanding the competence of public authorities. The competence of the authorized unit (s) to prevent and detect corruption is considered from the standpoint of the legally established possibility of implementing the set of rights assigned to the authorized units (authorized person), which contribute to the implementation of anti-corruption legislation in terms of prevention and detection. It is proved that the competence of the authorized unit (s) to prevent and detect corruption is a component of the administrative and legal status of the authorized unit (s) and ensures the implementation of the entire functional spectrum of prevention and detection of corruption at the local level. In order to clearly regulate the competence of the authorized unit (s) to prevent and detect corruption, the article draws attention to the need to make appropriate changes to both legislative and local regulations, which will contribute to the formation of a culture of unacceptable corruption.

MÜZİK ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ BİLİM DALLARINDA YAPILAN FLÜT İLE İLGİLİ LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERDE ARAŞTIRMA EĞİLİMLERİ

Lisansüstü programların bir alanı
 olan ve müzik öğretmenliği bilim dalları çatısı altında sürdürülen lisansüstü
 eğitim faaliyetleri, bireylerin müzik öğretmenliği mesleği alanında
 derinlemesine çalışarak uzmanlaşması ve üst seviyede bilgiye sahip olmasını
 sağlayan eğitim süreçleridir. Müzik öğretmenliği lisansüstü programlarında
 alanın gereği olarak birçok çalgının eğitimine yer verilmektedir. Bu süreçte
 gerçekleştirilen flüt eğitimi de çalgı eğitiminin bir alanı olarak müzik
 öğretmenliği bilim dallarının programlarında yer alarak bu alandaki lisansüstü
 tez çalışmalarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Müzik öğretmenliği bilim
 dallarında yapılan flüt ile ilgili lisansüstü tezlerdeki araştırma
 eğilimlerinin belirlenmesinin amaçlandığı bu çalışma, doküman incelemesi
 tekniğinin kullanıldığı nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı
 örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen ve müzik öğretmenliği bilim dallarında flüt
 ile ilgili olarak yapılan 12’si doktora ve 30’u yüksek lisans olmak üzere
 toplam 42 tezden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya ait veriler araştırmacı tarafından
 geliştirilen “Lisansüstü Tez Sınıflandırma Formu” yoluyla elde edilmiş ve verilerin
 analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularından yola
 çıkılarak, müzik öğretmenliği bilim dallarında gerçekleştirilen flüt ile ilgili
 lisansüstü tezlerin yıllara, üniversitelere, konu alanlarına, araştırma
 yöntemlerine, çalışmaya dahil edilen grubu belirleme şekline, örneklem seçme
 yöntemlerine, geçerlik-güvenirlik yöntemlerine, veri toplama araçlarına ve veri
 analiz yöntemlerine göre nasıl bir dağılım gösterdiği sorularına cevap aranmış
 ve konu ile ilgili önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Substantiation and development of the economic-mathematical model of rational drug provision for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations

In modern socio-economic conditions, the maximum efficiency of the use of funds allocated from budgets of different levels to finance federal, regional and departmental programs for providing medicines is required. In connection with it, there is a need to justify and develop a model of rational drug supply for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations that will visually reflect the functioning of military and civilian health in a single organizational and legal space, with the elimination of duplication of functions and powers of government. Approaches to the development of a model of rational drug provision are substantiated, while modeling the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets. A characteristic of the existing model of drug supply based on Petri nets for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations is presented. The irrationality of the existing order of drug provision is proved, which results in an increase in the resource burden on public health in general. The model of rational drug supply of patients attached to military medical organizations that excludes duplication of provision of medicines by citizens within the framework of military and civil health is substantiated and developed; optimizes the distribution of rights, powers and responsibilities between military and civil health; ensures the coherence of military and civil health activities in the provision of medicines on the basis of information interaction; contributes to the preservation of financial, information and material resources in public health, as well as their balanced and rational use.

A Public Health Performance Excellence Improvement Strategy: Diffusion and Adoption of the Baldrige Framework Within Tennessee Department of Health.

In 2011, Tennessee was faced with poor state health rankings with newly elected officials promoting customer-focused government. To refocus, the Tennessee Department of Health chose a multiyear plan to adopt, diffuse, and integrate the Malcolm Baldrige Performance Excellence framework. Senior leaders changed the organizational culture using participatory strategic planning coupled with introduction of performance improvement initially led by departmental staff who volunteered for training by the state Baldrige affiliate. New tools and processes were diffused across the department's central and regional offices and county health departments. Departmental units documented performance improvement through hundreds of internal projects and more than 100 innovation-driven Baldrige achievement awards. Over time, performance improvement approaches were integrated into existing departmental programs and new initiatives, leading to additional successful process changes and population health improvements. The department's approach included multiple steps: adopt Baldrige Performance Excellence as means to promote culture change with a goal of improved organizational and population health performance; use the visual Baldrige framework and its categories to underscore inclusiveness, comprehensiveness, and synergies of desired change; choose, invest in, and implement multiple evidence-based management strategies to support culture change toward improvement; and continuously evaluate outcomes, linked to required reports to suppliers (governor and legislators) and customers (public, patients, and partners). The Baldrige Performance Excellence framework was found to be an effective approach to promote culture change through emphasizing improvement in a public health organization.

A Glimpse into Establishing and Developing Safety Measures in the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University in 2016

The department of Chemistry is one of the main academic departments in the College of Science at Al-Nahrain University. The department awards Bachelor degree in Chemistry and Master degree in Analytical, Physical, Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemistry. Chemistry department since its establishment has twenty one laboratories within. Fifteen of them are devoted for postgraduate students and the rest are for undergraduates. During 2016, we aimed to focus our attention towards maintaining safety measures within all of these laboratories to ensure a safe working environment. In 2016, the department witnessed many significant achievements with regards to disseminating safety measures through lectures, workshops, seminars and publications as well as renovating infrastructures. Also, during the last six years, the department adopted a strategy to promote safety and security which has been approved by Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF). Herein, we would like to shine a spotlight to all departmental activities and programs conducted to motivate and educate our students and affiliates to take safety as their first priority at all times and keep maintaining safety standards in our department.

Preparing special education teacher candidates to teach English language learners with disabilities: How well are we doing?

A utilization-focused evaluation (Patton, 2008) was conducted to systematically investigate special education teacher candidates’ preparation to teach English language learners (ELLs) with disabilities. The results were used to (1) determine current effectiveness of departmental programs and (2) guide program improvement efforts. The initial literature review on ELLs with disabilities and teacher preparation guided the development of a four element framework to organize and analyse the data and results of the program evaluation. Data were collected using (1) a document review of program materials, (2) a faculty questionnaire, (3) a faculty focus group, and (4) a survey of the teacher candidates’ knowledge and perceptions on their preparedness in this area. Data revealed a scattered and disjointed approach to preparing preservice teachers to teach ELLs with disabilities, leading to a lack of special education teacher candidate’s: (1) mastery of essential content and (2) sense of efficacy in teaching ELLs. This investigation also shed light on the range of faculty perspectives, knowledge, and practices in the preparation of special education teacher candidates to teach ELLs.

Informal Order, Needs Analysis, and the EAP Curriculum

The academic curriculum is developed through a systematic process whereby content is created through the alignment of needs to stakeholder or target group. This qualitative research study features a small-scale, English for academic purpose (EAP) needs analysis (NA) of three credit-bearing EAP programs and the corresponding departmental programs conducted at a Language Center at a higher education institution in Oman. Based on interview, observational and documentary data, the analysis showed divergences in academic literacy (writing and reading) between the EAP and content programs. Principally, the findings pointed to the presence and operation of a group of informal orders and the emergence of two interrelated stories: public and real. The public story purported to blame the learner’s English language proficiency for unfavorable performance at EAP and Departmental levels, whereas the real story revealed that institutional factors were equally responsible. The paper ends by making a few conclusions about the importance of heeding informal order when carrying out needs analysis.

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE AND BUSINESS IN THE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC TARGET PROGRAMS

The report describes the nature, content, current status, measures and solutions to the urgent problems of the deeper involvement of the business sector of the Russian economy in the long-term implementation of the strategy of socio-economic development, the development and implementation of state, federal, regional, sectoral, departmental programs

The molecular biology capstone assessment: a concept assessment for upper-division molecular biology students.

Measuring students' conceptual understandings has become increasingly important to biology faculty members involved in evaluating and improving departmental programs. We developed the Molecular Biology Capstone Assessment (MBCA) to gauge comprehension of fundamental concepts in molecular and cell biology and the ability to apply these concepts in novel scenarios. Targeted at graduating students, the MBCA consists of 18 multiple-true/false (T/F) questions. Each question consists of a narrative stem followed by four T/F statements, which allows a more detailed assessment of student understanding than the traditional multiple-choice format. Questions were iteratively developed with extensive faculty and student feedback, including validation through faculty reviews and response validation through student interviews. The final assessment was taken online by 504 students in upper-division courses at seven institutions. Data from this administration indicate that the MBCA has acceptable levels of internal reliability (α=0.80) and test-retest stability (r=0.93). Students achieved a wide range of scores with a 67% overall average. Performance results suggest that students have an incomplete understanding of many molecular biology concepts and continue to hold incorrect conceptions previously documented among introductory-level students. By pinpointing areas of conceptual difficulty, the MBCA can provide faculty members with guidance for improving undergraduate biology programs.

임상간호사의 감정노동, 직무스트레스와 섭식태도와의 관련성

본 연구는 임상간호사의 감정노동, 직무 스트레스와 섭식태도의 정도를 파악하고 이들 간의 관련성을 파악하는 연구이다. 자료수집은 2013년 2월 21일부터 3월 31일까지이며 G시의 2개 대학병원의 간호사 434명을 대상으로 하였고 자료분석은 SPSS 17.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 임상간호사의 감정노동, 직무 스트레스와 섭식태도의 평균 평점은 3.53, 3.81 그리고 2.27 이었다. 감정노동은 직무스트레스((r= .570, p= ${\beta}$ =262, p<. 262, p ${\beta}$ =.203, p< .203, p ${\beta}$ =178, p<. 178, p ${\beta}$ =.102, p= .102, p=.043), 감정노동( ${\beta}$ =106, p=0 106, p=0.49)이었으며, 이 변수는 섭식태도를 16.8% 설명하였다. 따라서 섭식태도를 개선하기 위한 BMI별, 근무부서별 차별화된 관리와 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 【This study examined the relationship between the emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes among clinical nurses. The data was collected from 434 clinical nurses in G city, from February 21 to March 31, 2013 and analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 program. The mean levels of the clinical nurse's emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes were 3.53, 3.81 and 2.27, respectively. The emotional labor showed a significant positive correlation between job stress (r= .570, p= ${\beta}$ =262, p<. 262, p ${\beta}$ =.203, p< .203, p ${\beta}$ =178, p<. 178, p ${\beta}$ =.102, p= .102, p=.043), and emotional labor ( ${\beta}$ =106, p=0 106, p=0.49). These variables accounted for 16.8% of the variance in eating attitudes among clinical nurses. Therefore, working with differentiated departmental programs will be required to improve the eating attitudes and the BMI.】

, (Improving the Relationship of Government Programs, Long-Term Programs and Departmental Target Programs During the Transition to Program Budgeting Principles)

Russian Abstract: В 2013 году в Российской Федерации на федеральном уровне началась активная фаза перехода на формирование федерального бюджета на программной основе. В ближайшее время планируется аналогичный переход и на других уровнях бюджетной системы. Несмотря на накопленный опыт программного бюджетирования в Российской Федерации на текущий момент отсутствуют научные основы осуществления этого процесса, включая механизмы использования в бюджетном процессе государственных программ в новом формате.Основной целью перехода к программному бюджету является повышение социальной и экономической эффективности расходов. Ключевым преимуществом программного подхода по сравнению с традиционным бюджетом, основанном на затратах-ресурсах, является повышение бюджетной устойчивости и эффективности деятельности органов государственной власти, что характеризует наличие более тесных связей бюджета со стратегическими целями развития.В настоящее время практически треть субъектов Российской Федерации перешла на формирование своих бюджетов в соответствии с программно-целевыми методами бюджетного планирования. В большинстве субъектов Российской Федерации в настоящее время принята нормативно-правовая база по разработке государственных программ.English Abstract: In 2013, in the Russian Federation at the federal level an active phase of the transition to the formation of the federal budget on a program basis has started. In the near future we expect a similar transition at other levels of the budget system. Despite the accumulated experience of program budgeting in the Russian Federation at the moment there has no scientific basis for the implementation of this process, including the use of mechanisms in the budget process of state programs in the new format.The main purpose of the transition to the program budget is to improve the social and economic cost-effectiveness. A key advantage of the program approach compared to the traditional budget based on cost-resources is to increase fiscal sustainability and efficiency of public authorities that characterizes the presence of closer ties with the strategic objectives of the budget development.At present, almost a third of the subjects of the Russian Federation has transferred to the formation of their budgets in accordance with the program-target method of budget planning. In the majority of subjects of the Russian Federation legal framework for the development of state programs is now accepted.

Integrating proven falls prevention interventions into government programs

To identify Department of Health programs with high potential to integrate evidence-based interventions to prevent falls among older people. Broad consultation within the Department followed by structured decision making. This work was informed by an analysis of Victorian hospital separations data and a Cochrane Systematic Review to identify relevant target groups and interventions. Ranking of the integration potential of interventions for a broad range of Department program areas was achieved through a facilitated workshop. A short list of program areas was then developed and scored, using pre-defined criteria, for their match with the interventions. The ranked order of interventions, from most to least suitable for integration, were: multifactorial risk assessment and intervention; multi-component group exercise; medication review; occupational therapy-based home safety; home-based exercise; and first eye cataract surgery. Four of six program areas had a strong match (a score of ≥75% of the maximum score) with one or more of three interventions. Two program areas (Primary Care Partnerships, and Home and Community Care) had strong matches with three interventions (group- and home-based exercise; occupational therapy-based home safety) and were selected as priority areas. The Hospital Admissions Risk Program had strong and good matches respectively with home-based exercise and medication review, and was also selected. Our systematic methods identified Department programs with strong potential for integration of proven falls prevention interventions. Matching departmental programs and evidence-based interventions for integration may lead to more efficient resource allocation for falls prevention in Victoria.

Peer feedback among interprofessional allied health students in the anatomy lab (722.3)

Giving constructive feedback is necessary for health professionals, and the anatomy lab provides an ideal environment to develop this skill. We evaluated feedback given by interprofessional allied health (physician assistant (PA), occupational (OT) &amp;amp; physical therapy (PT)) students, which was quantified &amp;amp; sorted into themes. Narrative comments were thorough, with an emphasis on strengths. 61% of positive comments were associated with themes involving professionalism/leadership skills, followed by personal behaviors (28%) &amp;amp; knowledge (11%). Constructively critical comments were more closely distributed between professionalism/leadership skills (43%) &amp;amp; personal behaviors (40%), with fewer comments addressing knowledge (17%). When evaluating positive comments, we saw no difference between feedback given by students from different departmental programs. However, departmental differences did exist regarding the focus of constructive criticisms. When compared to feedback from students in other programs, PT students identified more professionalism issues in their peers (51%), OT students cited personal behavior issues more often (44%), and PA students placed greater emphasis on knowledge deficiencies (22.5%). We propose differences in importance placed on attributes &amp;amp; skills may be due to differences between programmatic objectives, timing of anatomy, and/or degree level of the program.

Outsourcing anatomists: a model for expanding educational outreach and providing supplemental revenue to anatomy departments (721.22)

The need for qualified anatomy instructors is rapidly expanding across the educational spectrum, from high school anatomy and physiology classes, to college pre‐professional programs, to newly established health professional schools. In response to this growing demand for anatomical expertise, the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine established the IU Center for Anatomical Sciences Education (IU‐CASE) to leverage its ample faculty resources in the pursuit of additional teaching opportunities outside the MD curriculum, thereby expanding the scope of the department’s teaching mission to include students who may not otherwise have the chance to learn anatomy. Utilizing anatomy faculty from across the medical school’s nine‐campus system, IU‐CASE provides fee‐based educational services to other schools and programs in Indiana. Current clients include Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IU School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, IU School of Medicine at Muncie, Purdue University Department of Biology, and Indianapolis‐area high schools. Now in its first year of operation, IU‐CASE promises to earn significant supplemental revenue for the department, which can be used to offset salary inequities, provide bonus pay for teaching‐intensive faculty, and support departmental programs.

Understanding Honors Programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs): An Exploratory Study

Often when one reads about historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), one hears about their role in uplifting underprepared Afincan American students. This role is, in fact, accurate as the majority of HBCUs have large numbers of low-income, first-generation who have often been left behind by the primary and secondary school systems. Seventy-four percent of HBCU receive Pell Grants, indicating the level of poverty in the families from which they hail (Gasman, 2013). HBCUs meet these where they are and work diligently to get them to college-level proficiency and provide them with a globally competitive education. While much focus remains on this noble task, often neglected are the presence and experiences of the high-achieving who attend HBCUs. We know very little about these several reasons. First, the majority of research on African Americans and HBCUs operates with a deficit mentality (Fries-Britt, 2004; Harper, 2005). Second, there is very little research on HBCU honors programs and most high-achieving who participate in these programs after graduation pursue advanced degrees (Harper, 2005).Much of HBCU literature focuses on historical accomplishments and contributions or challenges in administration, leadership, and resources. However, there has been a growing body of work examining HBCUs, their practices, and their through a non-deficit lens (Harper, 2005; Palmer & Gasman, 2008). Also, honor students, in general, and African American honor students, more specifically, have most often been researched to highlight their academic talent or resilience (Fries-Britt, 2004; Griffin, 2006; Harper, 2005). Little is said about the role that the institution, institutional policies, and institutional practices play in the student's experience. The fact that many HBCUs have thriving honors programs and very talented who are attracted to these institutions these programs is often overlooked; their voices are lost in the literature. In order to fully understand the dynamics of HBCUs, we must explore it from various angles and through various programs. Furthermore, knowing more about HBCU honors programs will begin to give insight into high-achieving students, a majority of them Black at HBCUs, and the practices that aid in these high-achieving students' attraction, retention, and persistence at these institutions.This article explores the curriculum, infrastructure, and associated with HBCU honors programs. Using the survey method to capture this information, we provide the first comprehensive study of these programs to date.Literature ReviewHigh-achieving make purposeful choices when it comes to attending college. Although the Ivy League schools and the most highly selective elite institutions are often top choices highachieving students, honors programs at colleges and universities that may not top the rankings still attract these (Seifert et al., 2007). Increased competition within the higher education context created the desire institutions to enroll, persist, and graduate the best and brightest students. This increased competition initiated the creation of honors programs, specifically for those institutions that are not able to increase their overall selectivity ... as a means to market themselves to highachieving students (Seifert et al., 2007, p. 57).Honors programs vary from institution to institution (Seifert et. al, 2007). There are universitywide programs, honors colleges, and departmental programs. Therefore, the literature regarding honors programs is neither vast nor concentrated in one area. Much of the literature facilitates a discussion of how to define honors and programs, as well as gain a better understanding of these programs (Hebert & McBee, 2007; Owens, 2010). Assessment along with varying views and approaches to the assessment of honors programs are also topics found in honors program literature (Cosgrove, 2004; Otero & Spurrier, 2005; Hebert & McBee, 2007; Tallent-Runnels, Shaw, & Thomas, 2007). …