Democracy In Society Research Articles

LIMITS OF THE CONCEPT "SLANG" IN SCIENCE

Slang in the speech of a modern person occupies a significant place, displacing general literary vocabulary. This situation is explained by the special expressiveness of slangisms. Almost every native speaker has an idea about this layer of the national language. The appearance of slang is due to changes associated with a change in the socio-political situation, which led to the intensive penetration of non-standardized vocabulary into the colloquial literary language. There was not only a democratization of society, but also of the language. The lexical composition is actively changing in the youth environment. Most often, knowledge of slang is associated with youth speech. In studies of the phenomenon of slang, the problem of terminological definition remains unresolved. In the works, as a rule, the term "jargon" is used as an equivalent of the term "slang". In addition, it is noted that slangisms exist at the same level of sociolects with jargon, professionalism, and argotism. The most relevant seems to be the idea that slangisms differ from jargonisms in a wider scope of use, and from professionalisms in increased expressiveness. Argotisms mark the speech of socially closed groups, therefore they have a narrow speech implementation.

Rethinking Education and Democratization of the Public Sphere in India

Democratization has brought about a tremendous impact on the rigid social structure in post-colonial India. Modern education has been a key factor in transforming society, especially the deep-seated traditions of social inequality and harsh realities of discriminatory practices. Given the deepening and widening of inequality in the post-reform era, this paper seeks to explore the significance of rethinking the critical realm of education in transforming India's public sphere as a vital tool for the democratization of society and a proposal for an inclusive knowledge system.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION-SHARING SYSTEMS

Social life has been in constant change throughout history. Economic, political, technological and cultural advances have affected all societies at different times. Journalism, too, is a profession that emerged in this change and was renewed within the framework of these changes, and it has a very important role in terms of democratization of society. Over time, factors such as the formation of the capitalist economy, the importance of public opinion and the press, the emergence of the press as a sector and its rapid growth, together with the practical education concern for the field, created the necessary social framework for the emergence of communication science and the establishment of journalism schools. Until today, the number of journalism schools in the world and in Azerbaijan has increased continuously in line with the development of the industry. This increase shows the high demand for journalism education. First, journalism is a social phenomenon and because of this feature, it is not static but in constant change. Society and journalism have developed in mutual relations. The newspaper and the journalist itself are a product of the process of social change and journalism practices are shaped within the framework of social change.

Constitutional reform as the main point of restarting the political system of Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the constitutional reform aimed at a comprehensive transformation of the constitutional and legal model of Kazakhstan. Every year the constitutional and legal structure of states becomes more and more dynamic, which in turn requires modification of the political platform of Kazakhstan taking into account the experience of foreign countries and objective national specifics. On June 5 of this year, a republican referendum will be held on amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed at further democratization of society, transition from a super-presidential to a presidential model with a strong Parliament and an accountable Government. Today, there is a broad discussion in society on the proposed amendments, as they pursue the most important strategic goals: building a balanced mechanism of checks and balances between the three branches of power, strengthening the institutions of party representation, improving the efficiency of the judicial system, strengthening the local governance system. The author reveals the main constitutional and legal aspects of the comprehensive modernization of the country's political platform, conceptual changes in the architecture of the organization of state power. Thus, the article examines such main features of constitutional reform as the establishment of the Constitutional Court, strengthening the role of Parliament, changing the order of its functioning, the adoption of laws, Government accountability, limiting the powers of the President, the introduction of democratic institutions, the democratization of society and the protection of fundamental human rights. The author proposes an amendment regarding the application of the institute of public works to be used as a measure of state coercion in the sanction of articles providing for administrative responsibility for petty hooliganism, violation of silence, violation of the rules for the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments, etc.

FUNCTIONING OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES AND IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF LOCAL BUDGET MANAGEMENT

The importance of the study of the united territorial communities functioning and the identification of the main problems of organizational support of local budget management are substantiated. It has been studied that the issues related to the development of organizational support of local budget management are insufficiently researched in the domestic scientific literature. The paper clarifies that the decentralization of government should ensure the democratization of society, combine administrative, political, fiscal decentralization and involves the transformation of the interaction between governmental agencies and citizens, NGOs and businesses. The regulatory framework for the reform process is provided. Problems of united territorial communities development are identified. One of the first of them is the problem of proper implementation of the territorial community functions, which is intertwined with the filling of the UTC budget, the formation of financial resources sufficient to adequately finance the urgent social needs of communities based on the principle of subsidiarity, implementation of their economic and technological development. Conditions for the formation of able-bodied territorial communities are provided. The own and delegated powers of the united territorial communities in Ukraine are studied. The factors and subjects of ensuring the financial capacity of territorial communities are singled out and generalized. As a result, the well-established interaction of the subjects of financial relations under the influence of both external and internal factors will help meet the legitimate needs and interests of local communities. The basic legislative bases of the mechanism of voluntary association of territorial communities are generalized. It is determined that the current state of local budgets does not seem to be the best, which hinders the complex tasks assigned to local authorities: scarcity of their own sources of income, almost complete dependence on the state budget, lack of transparency of budgetary relations in providing financial assistance from the center, additional assistance revenues and economic expenditure of budget funds. According to the analysis conducted by the authors, a set of problems of organizational support of local budgets is proposed.

Теоретико-методологічні аспекти використання діалогу з метою організації продуктивної взаємодії суб’єктів освітнього процесу

The article in the historical and philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects considers the current problem of improving pedagogical education - the use of dialogue in the implementation of effective interaction of the subjects of the educational process. It is emphasized that the modern pedagogical system is faced with objective processes of democratization in society, with the requirements of cultural development in terms of the scientific and technological progress, and is characterized by changing disciplinary and compulsory regulatory dominant of education to the dominant of cultural activity and creativity. Dialogue is analyzed as a form and method of organizing of the educational process that is based on the values of content and values of goal which are manifested in the problematic character, perception and mutual understanding at the interpersonal level. It is noted that the joint participation of the subjects of dialogue reveals its humanistic essence and gives multicolor, emotionality, spirituality to the relationship, gives the joy of their discovery of each other. Emphasis is placed on the psychological and pedagogical essence of discussion (a kind of dialogue that takes place in a mode of competent equality and involves the clash of the participants’ opinions in the course of strictly regulated negotiation of the problem) as the most cognitively effective form of dialogue.

Braking factors influencing the long-term stagnation of development in the SEE countries

The subject of the paper is to explain the impact of three braking negative transition factors causing the long-term stagnation of socio-economic development in the three selected countries of South East Europe (SEE) - Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. It is about institutional inefficiency (which is generated in the synergistic action of alternative institutions and neoliberalism), the post-socialist totalitarian legacy related to the nomenclatures of power, and the underdevelopment of socio-cultural capital. The aim of this paper is to prove their dominant influence on the reproduction of the socio-economic development deficit (in fact: stagnation) in the observed countries through a hypothetically constructed survey model. The starting point is the basic hypothesis that the overall phenomenology of developmental stagnation is caused by wrong, slow, and inefficient institutional changes (political and macroeconomic), which have caused the dominance of alternative institutions. It also starts with the auxiliary hypothesis that privileged institutional monism (expressed in pronounced non-market appropriation) was the basic motive for the action of these braking factors, although methodologically and essentially it was in paradoxical contradiction with the proclaimed promises of “reformers”. In addition to the usual methods of social sciences, the paper used the results collected through an electronic survey of 900 respondents. In conclusion, the set hypotheses were verified, confirming the imperative need for democratization of society and the application of institutional pluralism on the model of developed countries, which implies the elimination of the considered braking factors.

Evropská muzea práce, dělnictva a demokracie jako inspirace pro nové využití stranických sbírek z období státního socialismu

This paper provides an entry point into the discussion on the forms of museum presentation of workers and labour in the 21st century, which can serve as inspiration for the Czech Republic, especially for new using of the collections of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. It offers an insight into institutionalised European museology of labour and workers. It first presents how it is embedded in global structures and gives three examples of how both the historical and present day workers movement, labour and the democratisation of society in Europe are approached. It presents these institutions as museums of (a) personalities associated with the social movement, (b) labour and workers, and (c) democracy.

POLITICAL CORRECTNESS AS A MECHANISM OF SOCIAL COHESION IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

The article emphasizes the processes of growing social role of the individual, humanization and democratization of society, dynamism of socio-economic and socio-cultural processes, their decentralization, integration, globalization, which indicate the importance of forming in civil servants a proper understanding of political correctness as a mechanism of social cohesion in domestic society. Today there is a variety of essential psychological characteristics of correctness as one of the effective mechanisms of social cohesion, which is an effective capacity for tolerance, mercy and characterizes the high level of maturity of the value-semantic sphere of modern man in general and civil servants in particular. In today's environment, the concept and content of political correctness are associated with a certain system of values and the problem of achieving them in society as a whole and in the public sphere in particular. It is emphasized that this process is characterized by the presence of certain contradictions and becomes especially relevant when the elements of different cultural principles begin to interact, first of all, freedom, justice, democracy, equality and humanism. It is established that a modern civil servant must correctly perceive the unity of modern society, the relationship and interdependence of everyone, respect the established rules of law, traditions, views of others, have a certain set of knowledge, find their place in social processes and public service, to work in the civil service without harming oneself, society, the state or another person. Political correctness as a mechanism of social cohesion of modern society determines the stability of human behavior, provides an understanding of the causes and ways of educating modern civil servants who will accept the values of "others", recognize the right of others to be themselves in relationships with others, work on themselves and more. It is proved that the changes taking place today in the public sphere cover all spheres of human life, requiring the appropriate formation of such a person who will have a tolerant, humane worldview, behavior and attitude to reality.

Review of Viktor Ivanovych Shpak’s reference book Terminological Dictionary Of Publishing Business: Editor’s Book

The article is devoted to identifying the main trends in the development of communication processes in Ukraine in the context of global socio-cultural transformations. The relevance of the study is about determinating of great changes in social and cultural life in the world in a global context. The article deals with the issues of cultural communication and social processes in society. The mechanisms of interaction and inter-influence of culture and communication are deferred and scientific approaches that reflect a large number of aspects in different directions in the field of cultural and communication researches are characterised. On the basis of an analysis of the modern process of cultural and social development in the world, it has done an attempt to determine the place of Ukraine in this process and the ways of cultural and social changes in Ukraine.The use of new technologies for Ukraine has contributed to the expansion of the national information area, to the involvement of broad sections of the population in the world cultural and information processes, to the progressive acquisition of new scientific knowledge, and cultural and leisure practices, to the democratization of society as a whole. However, the openness of the national information space leads to the spread of standardised forms of culture and extremely powerful foreign information flows, which poses a threat to Ukraine’s national security in the context of its very weak presence in the world media. The study has also concluded that the great importance of European experience in different areas of communication, especially in connecting national and cosmopolitan aspects in social life in Ukraine.

Essays of Sofia Rusova: Factors Influencing the Choice of Genre Form of Publications

Introduction. During the entire period of her creative activity, S. Rusova published about 500 publications, which are quite diverse in their genre embodiment – from scientific monographs, educational and methodological textbooks and manuals to literary and critical reviews, reviews, notes, articles, biographical, historicalethnographic and travel essays, etc. Relevance of research. Analyzing the life and creative path of the educator, it can be seen that the author’s choice of genre form for her own publications often depended on several important factors that significantly influenced this choice: the specific historical period of S. Rusova’s life, the publishing platforms with the financial support of which the works were published, the audience for which the publishing product was intended; a topic that the author sought to raise in her publications. The purpose of scientific research is to find out how the factors outlined above influenced S. Rusova’s choice of the genre form of the essay for her own publications. The object of the study was the journalistic heritage of S. Rusova, in particular, the works that corresponded to the essay genre in their form. Research methods. The main method is comparative-historical, which is used to examine social and cultural phenomena in the context of the era (mid-19th – early 20th centuries), their relationships with the history of the people, socio-political and economic life. The discursive method helped to determine the connections between a specific publication by S. Rusova and the socio-political situation in the country in a certain historical period. The methods of information selection and its classification were used to select from the entire array of S. Rusova’s journalistic heritage publications written in the essay genre and classify them according to intra-genre varieties – biographical (portrait), historical-ethnographic (problematic) and travel. A problem-thematic analysis of their content was also carried out. The methods of synthesis and generalization made it possible to draw conclusions and outline the prospects for research on a similar topic. Conclusions. Having analyzed the creative heritage of S. Rusova, we can state that the author’s journalistic, and even more so, publishing activity is often directly related to the historical and economic conditions of the time, the state of public opinion, the level of democratization of society, etc. If journalism can be influenced by emotional moments, mental state, appropriate mood, then mostly economic factors contribute to or hinder the implementation of a publishing project. Under the conditions of strict censorship, which prevailed in Right-Bank Ukraine at that time, the young, inexperienced author had to maneuver, searching for and choosing the optimal forms of presenting information. Such an “optimal form in the literary process of the 19th-20th centuries. became essays.

On the problems of cultural communication in the context of world development

The article is devoted to identifying the main trends in the development of communication processes in Ukraine in the context of global socio-cultural transformations. The relevance of the study is about determinating of great changes in social and cultural life in the world in a global context. The article deals with the issues of cultural communication and social processes in society. The mechanisms of interaction and inter-influence of culture and communication are deferred and scientific approaches that reflect a large number of aspects in different directions in the field of cultural and communication researches are characterised. On the basis of an analysis of the modern process of cultural and social development in the world, it has done an attempt to determine the place of Ukraine in this process and the ways of cultural and social changes in Ukraine.The use of new technologies for Ukraine has contributed to the expansion of the national information area, to the involvement of broad sections of the population in the world cultural and information processes, to the progressive acquisition of new scientific knowledge, and cultural and leisure practices, to the democratization of society as a whole. However, the openness of the national information space leads to the spread of standardised forms of culture and extremely powerful foreign information flows, which poses a threat to Ukraine’s national security in the context of its very weak presence in the world media. The study has also concluded that the great importance of European experience in different areas of communication, especially in connecting national and cosmopolitan aspects in social life in Ukraine.

Training of Military Chaplains for the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Conditions of the Invasion by the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the comprehensive training of military chaplains for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The legislative basis of chaplaincy, and the methods and state of its implementation are characterized. The problems that can befall a military chaplain are identified, in particular the contradiction in the combination of military service and pacifism. The development of chaplaincy in Ukraine is outlined. Active assistance to the chaplaincy began only after the Orange Revolution (2004-2005). The following year, a legislative act was made through the directive “On streamlining issues of meeting the religious needs of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.” Later, a sector for work with religious organizations was created under the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The relationship between the gradual democratization of society and the development of chaplaincy is examined. In 2021, the Law of Ukraine “On the military chaplaincy service” was adopted, which became the basis for this study. After Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the outbreak of war in the East of Ukraine, the institute of chaplaincy began to develop more systematically and dynamically, which is not typical of the previous period. The accumulation of military force by the Russian Federation on the borders of Ukraine, and the real danger of a military invasion, became catalysts for accelerating the quality of registration and functioning of the chaplaincy. The processes of training military chaplains were intensified by volunteer clergy, who joined the Ukrainian Armed Forces since 2014. As a result of the study, the current algorithm for training chaplains for service in the Ukrainian army was determined. The results are presented in a table. It has been established that, in the implementation of this algorithm, several urgent inaccuracies and problems have been identified. Conflicts and misunderstandings mainly arise because of the multi-confessionalism of Ukrainian Christianity, as in those between representatives of the Ukrainian and Russian Orthodox churches. Often, soldiers do not know the difference between these institutions, and, sometimes, battalion commanders do not allow Orthodox or other chaplains to serve because of their own religious beliefs.

Some aspects of the Russian language democratization in modern media

The article is of an overview and theoretical nature, and its subject is the active processes in the language of modern Russian mass media, caused by the democratization of society, especially in connection with the restructuring of the state and political system that took place in the countries of Eastern Europe in the 1990s. Based on scientific publications, as well as on empirical material (modern journalistic text), the authors systematize socio-cultural processes (within the framework of the general trend towards democratization) that have influenced and continue to influence the language of the media: the social construction of reality and the engagement of the media, the polarization of social groups and formations, the displacement of the transmission model of media functioning by the interaction model, the phenomenon of echo chambers. In connection with the influence of the socio-political factor, the authors note the most important dynamic processes in the language of the media, such as depatetization of the language clichs of the era of totalitarianism, neosemantization, the growth of vocabulary related to the sphere of consumerism, the activation of means serving the sphere of dialogical relations, overcoming an overly complex nature the language system, etc. It has been shown that the transition to a model of interaction between the media (with political, religious, public organizations, corporations - on the one hand, and the consumer community - on the other hand) caused the social engagement of media discourses, which in its the queue has caused the growth of labeling, evaluative and expressive text elements. Another important trend is associated with the phenomenon of echo chambers - its reflexes in the language of the media are the specialization of vocabulary and a decrease in the degree of grammaticalization of messages. The aspects of democratization of the language of the media presented in the article in the future can serve as parameters in accordance with which media monitoring can be carried out, including elements of a linguo-critical nature.

Białoruski protest z 2020 r. w sieci

The development of information technologies and social networks makes it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of the mechanisms of social self-organisation and politicisation of wider social masses, thus influencing the processes of democratisation of societies and political systems. This particularly applies to post-Soviet states. The development of the socio-political crisis that began in Belarus in August 2020 can be a very valuable subject for research into the impact of modern digital tools (messengers, social networks, crowdfunding, and so on) on the dynamics of changes in post-Soviet transforming systems. The main objective of this article is to systematise and present the impact and influence that modern digital tools have had on the nature and dynamics of the ongoing Belarusian political crisis and social protest.

Formation of Transversal Competences of Future Economists in the Conditions of Digital Space

The article emphasizes the importance of economic education as a part of general education, in terms of market transformations and democratization of society. Modern requirements for professional training of future economists are analyzed; the meaning of the concepts "competence", "cognizance", "transversal competences", "digital space" is specified. It is established that the concept of "transversal competence" is not sufficiently developed by European scientists, but on the other hand, a slightly larger number of scientific works on the study of this concept the domestic scientists have, and it is evidenced by the results of inquiries in Ukrainian - 3620 exceptions.

TRANSFORMATION OF HOLIDAYS DURING THE DEMO-CRATIC TRANSIT OF SPAIN AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DEMOCRATIZATION OF SOCIETY

The article analyzes the impact of democratic transit on the transformation of historical memory in Spain. For a more detailed study, the author chose the holiday as an object that can be changed due to the widespread democratization of society. The author emphasizes that he considers the holiday as an element that contributes to the preservation of historical memory. The study confirms that the holiday is indeed an important element in the process of not only preserving historical memory, but also in the process of its transformation. In the article, the author divides the holidays into national, religious and regional in accordance with the impact on the functioning of society. The study shows that regional holidays are most vulnerable in conditions of democratic transit, as they are not always dedicated to "democratic" episodes of the history of Spain. Also, the regional holiday mostly reflects the national identity of the region, while the national holiday promotes the integration and universalization of world values. At the end of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the holiday is a kind of identifier of the depth of transformations in society: the more serious and dynamic the transformations, the greater the changes are subject to regional traditional holidays. The discourse that has developed around some of the fundamental provisions of the regional holidays speaks of a conflict between the adherents of the" old "and"new order". According to the study, the emerging discourse has achieved changes in the external regulations of traditional holidays in accordance with the standards of a democratic society. In conclusion, the idea is that the introduced external changes can in the future affect the perception of history by younger generations, which will steadily lead to the deepest changes in the formation of the historical memory of Spain.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: A POLITICAL ANALYSIS

Political participation as an institution of the political system of modern society correlates with the concept of the democratization factor of state life. The architecture of political participation - the activity of people, their political actions aimed at exercising control over power or exerting pressure on power, is the main criterion for evaluating the political process. The purpose of this article is a political science analysis of the conceptual aspects of the institution of political participation of citizens in the context of globalization. The aim predetermined the main directions and ideas of the present research: political participation as an object of political science analysis is analyzed in the paradigm of historical concepts of foreign scientists from developed democracies, taking into account their transformation in the political processes of young democracies. The global transformation of political systems has had a significant impact on the development of the institution of political participation as a factor in the democratization of society. The challenges of globalization cause the urgent need to modernize the process of transformation of the political systems of modern states. On the basis of modern scientific methods and a wide range of foreign sources and carried out an analysis of the worldwide discussion about the essence and importance of political participation for the development of democracy. Application of general scientific and special methods allowed to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the process of political participation in the context of democratization of society in different states at all stages of the evolution of the object under study. The results of the study expand the boundaries of scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of political development, value and behavioral aspects of political transformation. The materials of the study can serve as the basis both for conceptualizing the theoretical basis for specific practical political decisions, and for modeling the general scenario of development in modern states of the political process in general, and political participation in particular. Keywords: political participation, political process, transformation, political science analysis, democracy, globalization.

Playful Trajectories and Experimentations

Abstract The main goal of this work is to discuss the place and role of video games in contemporary societies and their impact on individual relationships. It analyses how the development of video games is a sign of and a factor in the democratization of modern societies. It explores how video games contribute to the moral and political socialization of children and teenagers. The work is structured into two parts. The first explores the methodological, ethical and epistemological implications of Games Studies, and shows how the development of an independent field of research on video games can be analyzed as a sign of democratization. The second part focuses on youth identity experimentations and how video games can contribute to the democratization of social relations. Play inequalities are discussed, but it is also shown how video games are reconfiguring family and peer relationships, thereby influencing the movement of democratization of societies.

Temple Uspenija of the Virgin as a means of influence on the formation of national identities of Ukrainians

Based on the analysis of the development of Christianity on the example of Zolotonosha (Left Bank Dnieper) the history of Orthodox churches is studied. The place of the Zolotonosha Assumption Cathedral in the spiritual and moral life of the Ukrainian people is substantiated. The role of the church in increasing the social activation of the Orthodox Christian personality and social development of Zolotonosha region is proved.
 The object of research: the Temple Uspenija of the Virgin as a historical, architectural and spiritual monument of Ukraine, its impact on public consciousness in the formation of the national identity of Ukrainians.
 Investigated problem: the development of Ukrainian Orthodoxy on the example of Zolotonosha as an effective means of forming the national identity of Ukrainians and a significant factor in the democratization of society on the basis of Christian values, which increases the morality and spirituality of the people.
 The main scientific results: the integral history of orthodox churches of Zolotonosha region is analyzed on the basis of data of researchers and local historians, archival church documents. The place of Zolotonosha sanctuary as one of the largest temples of Central Ukraine in the formation of the spiritual culture of the Ukrainian people is substantiated. The role of the Holy Dormition Cathedral in increasing the social activation of the Orthodox Christian personality and social development of Zolotonosha region during its history is revealed.
 The area of practical use of the research results: the results of the study can be used by public administration and local government in determining public policy in the field of religion, mechanisms for solving its current problems, during the development and teaching of courses on public administration, history of religion, world history and history of Ukraine.
 Innovative technological product: on the basis of fragmentary data of researchers and local historians, numerous archival church materials and documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, a significant gap in ideas about the holistic picture of the history of Zolotonosha Assumption Cathedral as a historical, architectural and spiritual monument of Ukraine was filled for 70 years had been prohibited. The place of the Temple Uspenija of the Virgin in the spiritual and moral life of an Orthodox Christian is substantiated. The role of the Zolotonosha Church in the formation of the national identity of Ukrainians is highlighted.
 Scope of the innovative technological product: theoretical research, the practice of forming the national identity of Ukrainians, a means of influencing religiosity to increase the morality and spirituality of people, the implementation and improvement of the system of state regulation by religious organizations.