Degradation Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

Carbon nitride effect on La2NiO4 and La2CuO4 structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties

The sol-gel method was used to prepare La2NiO4, La2CuO4, and La2NiO4/g-C3N4 and La2CuO4/g-C3N4 nanoparticles. The structural and surface morphology of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of metal-oxygen bonds (M-O). The bandgap from the Tauc plot was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Synthesized materials were used as photocatalysts to degrade methylene blue dye as a function of medium pH (2–12). The photocatalyst potential was compared for La2NiO4/g-C3N4 and La2CuO4/g-C3N4 and maximum photocatalytic activity was observed in the basic medium. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is due to effective charge transfer between VB and CB in the presence of g-C3N4 which resultantly enhanced the formation of reactive species (•OH and -•O2) that are responsible for the degradation of methylene blue dye. Hence, it is concluded that fabricated nanoparticles could be employed for the removal of toxic pollutants from industrial effluents.

Plasmonic Au-MoS2 Nanohybrids Using Pulsed Laser-Induced Photolysis Synthesis for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Dye Degradation.

The Au-MoS2 nanocomposites (NCPs) exhibit excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity and potential applications in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. In this study, an Au-MoS2 heterojunction structure with Au nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on MoS2 nanosheets was synthesized via the pulsed laser-induced photolysis method. The influence of Au content on the photocatalytic performance was systematically investigated, and the working mechanism under visible light excitation was elucidated. The optimal Au-MoS2 NCPs exhibited efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, mainly attributed to the plasmon resonance effect of Au NPs which facilitated the visible light harvesting and hot electron injection. The Au/MoS2 interface promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The electrostatic adsorption between positively charged MB molecules and the negatively charged MoS2 surface favored the affinity toward active sites. Furthermore, the photogenerated electrons and holes participated in generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, which initiated the oxidative degradation of MB. The PLIP-introduced Au NPs not only endowed the material with excellent visible light responsivity but also possibly modulated the electronic structure and photocatalytic active sites of MoS2 through an intrinsic effect, providing new insights for further enhancing the photocatalytic performance of Au-MoS2 NCPs.

Synthesis of alginate capped aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Abstract In the presence scenario, dye pollution has become a serious issue in present environment protection which need extensive attention of the scientific community. Methylene blue (MB) has been known for its toxic nature and widely used in various industries. In the present work, we reported the green synthesis of alginate capped alumina (Al2O3) nanocomposite (NC). The synthesized Alg@Al2O3 NC have been verified by various sophisticated characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–vis TEM, FTIR, and XPS). The synthesized Alg@Al2O3 NC have been used as photocatalyst for the degradation of MB dye. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity of the Alg@Al2O3 NC has been studied under ultraviolet (UV) light. The obtained results exhibited excellent photocatalytic properties of the Alg@Al2O3 NC. The effect of photocatalyst doses (0.1–5 g l−1), pH−1 (1–10), MB dye concentration (50–120 ppm), and irradiation time (5–135 min) of UV light were also optimized. The highest efficiency of 99.2% has been observed for MB degradation via Alg@Al2O3 NC. The investigations of kinetics demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation proceeded along a pseudo-first-order pathway in accordance with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The Alg@Al2O3 NC also exhibited excellent reusability for 4 cycles and suggested that Alg@Al2O3 NC can be used for various cycles. In this study, we proposed the cost-effective green synthetic method for the preparation of Alg@Al2O3 NC and its application as photocatalyst for the removal of MB dye under UV light.

Functional designed S-doped FeWO4 hybrid for efficient mebendazole electro-oxidation and photodegradation of Methylene Blue

Sulfur-doped FeWO4 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation followed by the calcination method. The prepared samples were characterized by various techniques such as XR, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and CV. The XRD analysis confirmed the characteristic suggesting the monoclinic phase of the S doped FeWO4. In contrast, the flower like rod like morphology found from SEM and TEM. Additionally, the study determined the optimal parameters for achieving maximum degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The most significant degradation percentage occurred when utilizing 50 mg of S-doped FeWO4 nanoparticles per 100 mL of MB solution, exposed to visible light for 70 min. Subsequently, the Mebendazole (MBZ) drug was detected using differential pulse voltammetry, employing an S-doped FeWO4 modified GCE as working electrode. Linear responses to the MBZ drug within the absorption collection of 0.1 × 10-8 to 12.4 × 10-9 M were observed, showing a sensitivity of 4.563 µA/10-8M. The detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) were calculated as 5.11 nM µA-1 and 17.54 nM µA-1, respectively, with signal-to-noise ratios of S/N=3. Finally, it shows that s-doped FeWO4 esterification process, the S-doped FeWO4 catalyst was effectively functional to create benzoic acid and convert it to ester from benzoic acid, ethanol, and H2SO4 acid for organic heterogeneous catalyst.

Fabrication, catalytic activity, metal sensing ability and electrochemical evaluation of nano silver particles for supercapacitor applications

In this work, stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (MAgNp) were prepared via a green synthesis method using flowers of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). This flower is abundant in phytochemicals such as saponins that can be utilized as reductants to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using a variety of physico-chemical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV–VIS spectrometer. EDX study confirmed the crystalline and face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgNP. The majority of particles are present with a higher percentage intensity at an average size of 58.77 nm as revealed in the TEM image, PDI was found to be 0.055. MAgNPs demonstrated perfect activity in the catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (88 %) and para-nitrophenol (98 %), both anthropogenic pollutants. These nanoparticles were further used as plasmonic sensors to detect heavy metals like Fe(II) and Hg(II) in an aqueous solution. The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.2 mM for Hg(II) and 10 μM for Fe(II) with good linearity. The electrochemical properties of MAgNPs were studied using a carbon supercapacitor electrode coated with MAgNPs. Results from cyclic voltammetry were also determined, and they showed a high specific capacitance of 41 F/gm at 5 mV/s scan rate.

A maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) incorporated activated carbon photocatalytic nanocomposite fabricated via Co-precipitation utilized against degradation of methyl orange

The γ−Fe2O3/ACP has been synthesized in different ratios by facile co-precipitation method to degrade the methyl orange dye. In order to check the stability and potential of photo activated catalyst, UV, PL, SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR and Zeta Potential are discussed here. The bandgap has been reduced from 2.06 eV to 1.86eV. Here, 1:3 γ−Fe2O3/ACP sample showed maximum reduced bandgap of 1.86 eV. The PL spectroscopy showed that 1:3 sample has less intensity, which in turn have 94 % photo degradation of methyl orange dye in 180min. The 1:3 sample showed 87 % degradation of methyl blue dye at 125mins light irradiation and proved as an optimal concentration of ACP in maghemite at pH of 11. The inclusion of carbon into maghemite enhances the overall properties by reducing the charge recombination rate. No impurity has been found in the final synthesized samples confirmed through EDX. The XRD and SEM revealed that size of crystallites and particle size increases, which confirms that bandgap is reduced. While trapping techniques and recycling techniques has been employed on the optimal concentration sample to check its stability towards degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. The photo catalysis through such nanocomposite is not reported before. The 1:3 sample showed promising potential towards pollutants degradation in waste water treatment.

Facile construction of ZnWO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction for the improved photocatalytic degradation of MB, RhB and mixed dyes

This study presents the construction of binary ZnWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite via a facile hydrothermal approach to enhance the photocatalytic performance under the visible light irradiation. The proposed ZnWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst shows excellent photodegradation towards organic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). The optimal loading of ZnWO4 and g-C3N4 leads to the synergistic effect which plays a predominant role in inhibiting the fast electron-hole pairs recombination rate at the interface of ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The degradation rates of MB and RhB is achieved around 92.9 % and 88.8 % under the visible light irradiation for 120 min. According to our findings, the radical quenching experiments suggested that the ●OH radicals played a positive impact in the photodegradation process. Since, our proposed photocatalyst exhibit superior photocatalytic activity towards the individual MB and RhB degradation. The ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst were further applied to demonstrate the degradation of mixed dyes (MB and RhB) at an irradiation time of 180 min. In the mixed dye solution, the ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst achieved a highest reaction rate of 0.010 min−1 for MB and 0.012 min−1 for RhB with the degradation rate of 87.8 % and 83.3 % for RhB and MB, respectively. For the mixed dyes, the radical quenching experiments confirmed that the ●OH radicals are responsible for the fast photodegradation. Additionally, the practicality of the proposed ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst towards the degradation of MB, RhB and the mixed dyes were examined in the tap water samples. Furthermore, the plausible photodegradation mechanism of ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst was proposed in detail. This study provides a new insight for the simultaneous degradation of mixed chemical pollutants using our proposed ZnWO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst.

Influence on the effect of Gd rare earth doped WO3 nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities: A nanoplate like morphology

Optimizing the photocatalytic antibacterial properties of nanomaterials by defect engineering is becoming a significant tool. The synthesis and characterization of Gd- doped tungsten oxide (Gd:WO3) nanoparticles for potential applications in wastewater treatment and antibacterial activity. Synthesis of the Gd:WO3 nanoparticles were prepared using the co-precipitation method, known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness in producing nanomaterials. Samples were characterization by XRD confirmed the monoclinic crystal system of all samples and the incorporation of Gd ions into the WO3 lattice. SEM and TEM revealed a nanoplate-shaped morphology of the synthesized nanostructures. EDS confirmed the composition of Gd:WO3. FT-IR verified the presence of functional groups. XPS investigated the effect of Gd doping on the valence states of Gd:WO3, revealing the location of Gd ions within the WO3 lattice. UV-Vis showed increased absorption in the visible region and a decrease in the band gap with increasing Gd concentration up to 5 wt%, indicating potential photocatalytic properties. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity, achieving a 98 % degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light exposure. Among them, the Gd (5 wt%) nanoparticles exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance within 120 min. Additionally, these Gd (5 wt%) nanoparticles showed the greatest antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 20 mm. Moreover, the study demonstrates the potential of Gd-doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles as efficient and environmentally friendly materials for wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications.

Synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ Magnetic Using Artocarpus altilis Leave Extract for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antibacterial Applications

The green synthesis method is an economical and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing materials. This study effectively synthesized magnetic NiFe2O4 by Artocarpus altilis extract leave for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and exhibited antibacterial properties. The phytochemical compounds found in plants act as agents for reducing and stabilizing NiFe2O4. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The variables in degradation include solution pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The synthesized NiFe2O4 has a 12.4 nm crystallite size, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 44.56 emu/g, and a band gap of 1.68 eV. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was 98.2% under the following conditions: a solution pH of 10, a concentration of 10 mg/L, a dose of 0.1 g/L, and an irradiation time of 90 min. The degradation mechanism of Methylene blue dye may be accurately described by pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a kapp value of 0.0443 min-1. NiFe2O4 has high stability; after five degradation cycles, the degradation efficiency decreased by 4.45%. Additionally, NiFe2O4 demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

CaAl1.5Fe0.5O4/6%Ni-ZnO nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and effective photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

This study focuses on synthesizing and analyzing properties of calcium aluminate photocatalytic nanoparticles using the microwave (MW) combustion method by following the rules of green chemistry and investigates their effectiveness in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye which is a crucial contaminant that enters water resources. The synthesized nanoparticles, including CaAl2O4 (CAO), CaAl1.5Fe0.5O4 (CAFO), 6 %Ni-ZnO (NZO), and CaAl1.5Fe0.5O4/6%Ni-ZnO (CAFONZO) composites, were characterized using various techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of spinel structures in all samples. The crystallite size and lattice constants were determined, showing a reduction in Crystallite size of CAO from 45.98 nm to 37.55 nm after Fe3 + doping. Then, with the formation of CAFONZO Crystallite size 13.99 nm was obtained. FT-IR analysis revealed the chemical interactions between atoms in the spinel structures Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to determine the specific surface area of nanoparticles, pore volume, and pore size. Specific surface area of CAO, CAFO, and CAFONZO are 1.637, 1.745, and 9.903 (m2/g), respectively. SEM and TEM images provided insight into the morphology and size of the nanoparticles. According to TEM images, after Fe3 + doping, the size of particles decreased from 85 to 32 nm. UV-DRS was performed to determine the optical band gap energy of the photocatalysts. The calculated band gap values of pure CAO, CAFO, and NZO nanoparticles were 3.2 eV, 2.5 eV, and 2.7 eV, respectively. Mott-Schottky analysis indicated the type of semiconductors and the energy levels of the conduction and valence bands. Valence band (VB) values of CAFO and NZO are 2.86 eV and 2.03 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated by degrading MB under visible light illumination. The adsorption studies were conducted by varying the dosage, pollutant concentration, and pH. The results showed that CAFONZO nanoparticles exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 96 % degradation of MB within 120 min. The combined photocatalyst demonstrated improved efficiency compared to the individual components.

Facile synthesis of Fe/W co-doped MoO3 nanomaterial for proficient photocatalytic, enhanced sensing, superior luminescence and antioxidant activities

We report a new, easy and environment friendly defects engineered approach to develop defect-rich Fe/W co-doped MoO3 nanoparticles (Fe,W-MoO3 NPs) for a variety of applications. The solution combustion process entails using Millettia peguensis flowers extract as a unique fuel for the synthesis of Fe,W-MoO3 NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized by various physical techniques. As prepared NPs were well examined for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye degradation, electrocatalytic nitrite sensing, antioxidant and luminescence performances. Under visible light irradiation, Fe,W-MoO3 NPs exhibit outstanding photocatalytic performance towards MB dye degradation. Complete degradation of MB dye was demonstrated by the photocatalyst within a short span of 30 min. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry studies were carried out to assess the electrocatalytic performance of as synthesized NPs. The Fe,W-MoO3 fabricated electrode manifested substantial nitrite sensing activity with LOD of 23.36 ± 1.17 µM. Fe,W-MoO3 nanoparticles demonstrated significant DPPH antiradical properties with IC50 of 394.33 ± 19.17 μg/mL. Also, as synthesized NPs exhibited significant luminescence activity portraying it as an efficient luminescent material. Thus, the current work manifests an inexpensive and sustainable green synthetic approach for large-scale synthesis of multifaceted Fe,W-MoO3 NPs.

Elucidating the photocatalytic mechanism of biomass-derived carbon dots nanocomposite for efficient degradation of MB and CR dyes: Insights into protein binding applications

This study introduces an environmentally sustainable method for synthesizing a nanocomposite using carbon quantum dots derived from green tea waste and zinc oxide. The single-step hydrothermal process not only addresses waste management but also yields a versatile nanocomposite with diverse applications. Rigorous characterization reveals its morphology, crystallinity, phase identification, structural behavior, optical properties, and chemical composition. Incorporating carbon quantum dots into the zinc oxide matrix reduces the band gap to 1.87 eV, enhancing charge separation and light-harvesting. This modification significantly boosts photocatalytic activity, achieving degradation efficiencies of 95.16 % for methylene blue (MB) and 93.21 % for congo red (CR) under visible light. The effects of pH, contact time, and photocatalyst concentration on dye degradation were explored. The nanocomposite, exhibiting both adsorption and photocatalytic performance, is poised for broad applications. Fluorescence quenching studies with lysozyme protein provide insights into potential applications across diverse fields, highlighting its environmentally friendly and multifunctional attributes.

Pectin functionalized with Cu/Fe nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of methylene blue from wastewater

IntroductionIn the present study, citrus pectin-stabilized copper/iron bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalyst has been used for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in wastewater produced from the food industry.MethodsThe P@Cu/Fe composites were synthesized by co-precipitation and the sol–gel methods.Results and discussionThe characterization of the composites was carried out using UV, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques, revealing that P1@Cu/FeNPs synthesized through co-precipitation had a particle size of 150–35 nm with an irregular spherical and hexagonal shape. P2@Cu/FeNPs, synthesized using the gel combustion method using triethylamine as fuel, proved to be a better nanocatalyst with spherical particles having a uniform structure and size distribution of 105–23 nm. The mean zeta potential value of P1@Cu/FeNPs was found to be between 0 and 5mv, showing the composite to be less stable and 13 mv for more stable P2@Cu/FeNPs. The degradation of MB by P1@Cu/FeNPs was recorded up to 23.57% after 35 min and the nanocomposite synthesized by the sol–gel method exhibited 97.28% degradation in 30 min. The P2@Cu/FeNPs performed the best degradation due to their synergistic impact. In essence, this research represents a step toward the synthesis of bimetallic NPs using a biomaterial (citrus pectin) with improved synergistic photocatalytic potential that can induce different features in nanomaterials. Pectin-functionalized NPs using different metals should be synthesized and tested for different catalytic applications.

Hydrothermally Grown Globosa-like TiO2 Nanostructures for Effective Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and LPG Sensing.

The rapid expansion of industrial activities has resulted in severe environmental pollution manifested by organic dyes discharged from the food, textile, and leather industries, as well as hazardous gas emissions from various industrial processes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-nanostructured materials have emerged as promising candidates for effective photocatalytic dye degradation and gas sensing applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. This study investigates the development of a photocatalyst and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor using hydrothermally synthesized globosa-like TiO2 nanostructures (GTNs). The synthesized GTNs are then evaluated to photocatalytically degrade methylene blue dye, resulting in an outstanding photocatalytic activity of 91% degradation within 160 min under UV light irradiation. Furthermore, these nanostructures are utilized to sense liquefied petroleum gas, which attains a superior sensitivity of 7.3% with high response and recovery times and good reproducibility. This facile and cost-effective hydrothermal method of fabricating TiO2 nanostructures opens a new avenue in photocatalytic dye degradation and gas sensing applications.

TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized on graphene nanosheets with varied crystallinity for photocatalytic degradation of MB dye

The incorporation of graphene into titania enhances photocatalytic activity, although the role of graphene remains debated. This study reconciles conflicting explanations in the literature and elucidates the improved photocatalytic behavior of titania nanoparticles supported on graphene sheets with varied crystallinity for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. Specifically, crystalline graphene (ExG) and near-amorphous graphene (rGO, Ex-rGO), derived through physical and chemical methods, respectively, were employed as templates during the synthesis of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles. The rGO and Ex-rGO exhibited fewer graphene layers (∼3) than ExG (∼47 layers). The resulting TiO2/Ex-rGO and TiO2/rGO nanocomposites demonstrated significantly higher MB dye degradation (92.1 % and 79.2 %) than the unmodified TiO2 (60.5 %) and TiO2/ExG (70.7 %) after 2 hours of UV exposure. This study identified alterations in the mesoporous network of titania upon the incorporation of graphene, characterized by widely open pores in TiO2/rGO and TiO2/Ex-rGO with large average pore diameters of 12.99 nm and 13.78 nm, respectively, compared to the nearly blocked pores with a narrow diameter of 7.89 nm in reference TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity in graphene-templated titania was attributed to rapid intra-porous molecular diffusion, a previously unreported factor. Additionally, nearly-amorphous rGO was identified as a superior template over ExG due to crystalline/amorphous heterojunctions in TiO2/rGO and TiO2/Ex-rGO, leading to reduced electron-hole recombination. Finally, a proposed computational approach estimated ‘accessible’ porosity, and Knudsen diffusion coefficients for the synthesized photocatalysts (reference-TiO2: TiO2/ExG: TiO2/rGO: TiO2/Ex-rGO as 1.05: 1: 1.48: 1.72), justifying the observed trends in MB dye degradation.

Analysing the efficacy of TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrid electrospun membranes for visible-light photocatalytic water purification

The significance and reliability of membrane-based water purification in wastewater recycling are emphasized in this study. Hydrophilic cellulose acetate and hydrophobic polycaprolactam membranes incorporated with TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids were fabricated by electrospinning. Synthesis of TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids employed a sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method, while g-C3N4 through fractional thermal polymerization of acetic acid-modified melamine. The optimized photocatalytic hybrid exhibited methylene blue degradation by a 1.5-fold increase in photoactivity compared to pristine TiO2 and a 3-fold increase compared to g-C3N4. Upon incorporation into electrospun membranes, the hybrids demonstrated effective degradation of Methylene blue dye by photocatalysis, and the membranes exhibited excellent stability over multiple cycles.

Photocatalytically active layered double hydroxide-PVDF composite membranes for effective remediation of dyes contaminated water

In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) intercalated CuFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) membranes were fabricated and investigated for UV-LED/persulfate degradation of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), methyl orange (MO), and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes from water. The PVDF-CuFe membrane exhibited improved heterogeneity, surface functionality (CuO, Fe–O, Cu–O–Fe), surface roughness, and hydrophilicity. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, and maximum MB removal (100%) was achieved within 45.22–178.5 min at MB concentration (29.45–101.93 mg/L), PP concentration (0.5–2.41 g/L) and catalyst dosage (1.84–1.95 g/L). The degradation kinetics was well described by a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.982) and fast reaction rate (0.029–0.089/min). The MB dye degradation mechanism is associated with HO·/SO4•− reactive species generated by Fe3+/Fe2+ or Cu2+/Cu+ in PVDF-CuFe membrane and PP dissociation. The PVDF-CuFe membrane demonstrated excellent recyclability performance with a 12% reduction after five consecutive cycles. The catalytic membrane showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (100%), methyl orange (79%), and Eriochrome black T (60%). The results showed that UV-LED/persulfate-assisted PVDF-CuFe membranes can be used as a recyclable catalyst for the effective degradation of dye-contaminated water streams.

Facile construction of efficient WO3/V2O5 coupled g-C3N4 ternary composite photocatalyst for environmental emergent aqueous pollutant degradation: Stability, degradation reaction pathway and effect of pH evaluation.

Currently, one of the primary challenges that human society must overcome is the task of decreasing the amount of energy used and the adverse effects that it has on the environment. The daily increase in liquid waste (comprising organic pollutants) is a direct result of the creation and expansion of new companies, causing significant environmental disruption. Water contamination is attributed to several industries such as textile, chemical, poultry, dairy, and pharmaceutical. In this study, we present the successful degradation of methylene blue dye using g-C3N4 (GCN) mixed with WO3 and V2O5 composites (GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite) as a photocatalyst, prepared by a simple mechanochemistry method. The GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite revealed a notable enhancement in photocatalytic performance, achieving around 97% degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB). This performance surpasses that of the individual photocatalysts, namely pure GCN, GCN/WO3, and GCN/V2O5 composites. Furthermore, the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite exhibited exceptional stability even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. The exceptional photocatalytic activity of the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of metal-free GCN and metal oxides, resulting in the alteration of the band gap and suppression of charge recombination in the ternary photocatalyst. This study offers a better platform for understanding the characteristics of materials and their photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions.

Eco-friendly synthesis of CuO/NiO nanocomposite and their enhanced photocatalytic organic dyes degradation, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and antioxidant applications

In this study, Macroptilium lathyroides leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent to prepare the biogenic CuO-NiO nanocomposite. The synthesized samples were analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Dynamic light scattering, and Zeta potential. The structure, surface morphology, elemental compositions, and stability of the particles were determined. The average size of the particles from TEM was found to be 10.6 nm with a cubic structure. Furthermore, CuO-NiO nanocomposite was used to study the methylene blue dye degradation when exposed to sunlight for 90 min, about 98.1 % of the dye degraded. The nanocomposite showed high antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (20 mm) and Gram-negative strains Klebsiella pneumonia (16 mm), Escherichia coli (18 mm) at 30 µg/mL. The antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride (14 mm), Candida albicans (13 mm) and excellent antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 184.52 µg/mL were observed. Furthermore, it shows potent cytotoxic effects against the lung cancer cell line A549, and breast cancer cell line MCF 7 with an IC50 value of 59.8 µg/mL, 42.90 µg/mL, respectively.

First-Principles Calculations on Electronic, Optical, and Phonon Properties of γ-Bi2MoO6.

The wide band gap γ-Bi2MoO6 (BMO) has tremendous potential in emergent solar harvesting applications. Here we present a combined experimental-first-principles density functional theory (DFT) approach to probe physical properties relevant to the light sensitivity of BMO like dynamic and structural stability, Raman and infrared absorption modes, value and nature of band gap (i.e., direct or indirect), dielectric constant, and optical absorption, etc. We solvothermally synthesized wide band gap Pca21 phase pure BMO (≳3 eV) for two different pH values of 7 and 9. The structural parameters were correlated with the stability of BMO derived from elastic tensor simulations. The desired dynamical stability at T = 0 K was established from the phonon vibrational band structure using a finite difference-based supercell approach. The DFT-based Raman modes and phonon density of states (DOS) reliably reproduced the experimental Raman and infrared absorption. The electronic DOS calculated from Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof HSE06 with van der Waals (vdW) and relativistic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) corrections produced a good agreement with the band gap obtained from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The optical absorption obtained from the complex dielectric constant for the HSE06+SOC+vdW potential closely resembled the DRS-derived absorption of BMO. The BMO shows ∼43% photocatalytic efficiency in degrading methylene blue dye under 75 min optical illumination. This combined DFT-experimental approach may provide a better understanding of the properties of BMO relevant to solar harvesting applications.