Degradation Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles from Kappaphycus alvarezii Derived Carrageenan for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

The present study investigates the synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles embedded in carrageenan matrices derived from green and brown strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii. The CuO-carrageenan nanoparticles (CuO-CRGg and CuO-CRGb) exhibit distinct absorption peaks at 295 nm and 301 nm, respectively suggesting variations in particle size distribution and crystallinity. Morphological analysis through SEM reveals the agglomerated structures with average particle sizes of 93 nm for CuO-CRGg and 106 nm for CuO-CRGb. FTIR analysis indicates the presence of functional groups including 3,6-anhydrogalactose from carrageenan, whereas the XRD analysis shows the average crystalline sizes of 26 nm and 27 nm for CuO-CRGg and CuO-CRGb, respectively. The energy levels associated with CuO-CRGg and CuO-CRGb nanoparticles are confirmed with a characteric peak at 4.20 and 4.12 eV, respectively suggesting wide bandgap semiconductor properties. The CuO-CRGb nanoparticles demonstrate higher photocatalytic efficiency under UV light (89.76%) compared to visible light (55.21%), with rate constants of 0.035 min–1 and a half-life of 4.04 min. Whereas CuO-CRGg nanoparticles exhibit efficiencies of 86.87% under UV light and 64.38% under visible light, with a rate constant of 0.033 min–1 and a half-life of 4.12 min under UV light and 0.011 min–1 and a half-life of 5.15 min under visible light.

Optimization of methylene blue dye degradation using heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with Fe3O4 nanoparticles/PVDF macrospheres: A response surface methodology approach

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognised for their significant impact on the environment and human health. Understanding MPs is crucial to grasp their widespread presence in various environmental areas. The unique properties of MPs, such as their small size, durability, and potential to adsorb and transport environmental pollutants, underscore the necessity of studying their characteristics. This study aims to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of polypropylene microplastics (PPMPs) and address the dispersion stability issues associated with them. The PPMPs were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a surface structure marked by cracks, fractures, and a rough texture. The PPMPs were observed as irregularly shaped, white particles. Their size distribution spans from 14 to 96 µm, with a mean size of 50.00 µm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of polypropylene functional groups, specifically identifying characteristic peaks at 2952-2846 cm-1 and 1456 -1376 cm-1, indicating C-H stretching and bending vibrations, respectively, with additional peaks suggesting degradation. The effect of different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on PPMPs dispersion indicated that 5% SLS led to superior dispersion of PPMPs, thereby addressing the stability issue. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the physical and chemical attributes of PPMPs and their dispersion stability, offering a foundation for informed environmental assessments and the development of effective mitigation strategies.

Investigation of methylene blue dye degradation using green synthesized mesoporous silver-titanium

In this study, we synthesized mesoporous silver-titanium (Ag/TiO2) through green synthesis approach using mangosteen pericarp extract, which subsequently can act as both adsorbent and photocatalyst materials. Additionally, we investigated and compared the degradation of methylene blue (MB) using mesoporous Ag/TiO2 under dark conditions, visible light irradiation, and both dark-light conditions to analyze the adsorption-photocatalysis activity. The achieved mesoporous structure in this study offers distinct advantages as an adsorbent. Moreover, the addition of silver (Ag) to titanium dioxide (TiO2) shows promise in enhancing photocatalytic activity in MB degradation, which enhances photocatalytic activity in the visible light region due to its localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which excites more electrons, resulting in increased MB degradation. The highest degradation percentage of 97.08 % was obtained using a dark-light degradation mechanism, demonstrating that the synthesized mesoporous Ag/TiO2 has potential as an effective integrated adsorbent-photocatalyst material for MB dye degradation.

Fabrication of a dual Z-scheme Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 ternary nanocomposite for effective degradation of methylene blue dye

Fabrication of a dual Z-scheme Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 ternary nanocomposite for effective degradation of methylene blue dye

Investigating the effect of nickel concentration on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO photocatalysts for methylene blue dye degradation prepared via facile green synthesis method

The current work used soursop fruit extract as a green stabilizing and reducing agent to synthesis ZnO and 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.15 M Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The produced nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated a typical crystallite size range of 38–45 nm, as assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validated the NPs’ cubic morphology. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy was used to determine which functional groups stabilized and sealed the ZnO-NPs. As Ni doping increased, the bandgap decreased from 3.27 eV and was 2.85 eV for samples with 0.15 M Ni@ZnO, 2.97 eV for samples with 0.10 M Ni@ZnO, and 3.04 eV for samples with 0.05 M Ni@ZnO. A comprehensive investigation was conducted into the antibacterial efficiency of the produced NPs. The ZnO-NPs’ strong photocatalytic capabilities were further demonstrated by their remarkable 94.29 % degradation efficiency for methylene blue dye in just 50 min.

Visible LED-light driven photocatalytic activity by a novel magnetically separable CoFe2O4/Mn3O4 nanocomposite

A novel magnetic separable CoFe2O4/Mn3O4 semiconductor catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel-cum-hydrothermal method, successfully. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and Fourier transformed infra-red spectrometers were used to characterize the prepared samples. Mn3O4 and CoFe2O4 exhibit in tetragonal and cubic phases, respectively. The obtained direct optical band gap of the samples belongs to the visible region. These catalysts were employed in photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under an LED visible light. Coupling of CoFe2O4 with Mn3O4, which formed type-II heterojunction, enhances the photocatalytic efficiency, provides magnetic separable features, and prevents the charge carriers’ recombination. Synthesized CoFe2O4/Mn3O4 nanocomposites show excellent photocatalytic activity with a high value of rate constant ∼ 0.03889 minute−1. The scavenging test reveals that the holes and superoxide radicals were dominant reactive species in the degradation of dye. Magnetic separable feature of nanocomposite helps to recover the catalysts from degraded MB dye solution for the next photo-degradation cycles.

Dual sustainability of rGO/CuCoO2 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial insights

New growth and photocatalytic activity of CuCoO2 and rGO/CuCoO2 nanocomposites were demonstrated for model organic pollutant (dye) and antibacterial studies. The rGO/CuCoO2 nanocomposites were designed by hydrothermal technique. CuCoO2 and rGO/CuCoO2 materials were investigated and characterized by several instrumental techniques like FT-IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), DRS-UV Visible spectroscopy, HRTEM, FESEM analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET investigations. XRD confirmed the CuCoO2 cubic phase structure. It seems to have been evaluated for FT-IR and the Raman results were better than anything else that should be satisfied. Hence, Cu–O or Co-O (M−O−M) modes were confirmed peaks at 400 to 900 cm−1. We proposed CuCoO2 and rGO/CuCoO2 ((25/75), (50/50) & (75/25)) composite materials band gap energies at 2.8 eV to 2.0 eV. So, these results are also one of the benefits in the application area. A Sedum morganianum Burrito − Burro’s plant’s tail-like morphology was obtained in the pure CuCoO2 materials, and different weight percentages of rGO composites were also identified in FESEM-analysis as wood fungi, rods, and sheets-like structures. The rGO/CuCoO2 sheet-like morphology was confirmed by HRTEM measurements. The elemental composition of materials was investigated by EDX spectroscopy. We can prepare to suggest that the synthesis potential in the prepared matter is tbepensumed Bache formulation and much less explored, first-time declared phases and novelty of the synthetic designs, new morphologies, and bandgap energies. The synthesized rGO/CuCoO2 materials were achieved by 94 % Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation in photocatalytic applications, in which case composites were more efficient with environment-friendly when compared to CuCoO2 nanoparticles. The role of the rGO composite can be divided into three different principles such as absorbance, charge separator, and photosensitizer. This rGO material can reflect a big absorption capacity depending on the dye to rGO, with parallelly obeyed for π-π interactions. Hence, it’s favored for catalytic improvement. Secondly, rGO degradation was improved to the charge separation and may be foiling for the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Finally, transform their wide bandgap semiconductor into the catalyst to facilitate parameters. The rGO/CuCoO2 composite materials have performed well in reusability and radical abilities. The antimicrobial activity of the CuCoO2 nanoparticle was investigated on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus &Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli &Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strain. As promised rGO/CuCoO2 and CuCoO2 materials were examined for better degradation activities and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial efficacy studies play a major innovative role in the present work and have not been previously published. Hence, we have selected this kind of material.

Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesizing Techniques on Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye”

Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesizing Techniques on Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye”

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous media using magnesium-substituted copper ferrite as a magnetic catalyst

In this study, copper nanosized ferrites substituted with magnesium ions were synthesized using the sol-gel self-combustion method, with polyethylene glycol (MW 2000) serving as both fuel and chelating agent. Structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that all samples crystallized as cubic spinels with space group Fd3m. Optical studies showed band gaps increasing from 1.51 eV for CuFe2O4 to 1.62 eV for MgFe2O4, suggesting modifications in electronic structure due to magnesium substitution. Photocatalytic studies revealed that CuFe2O4 exhibited the most efficient degradation of Methylene Blue dye, with near-complete degradation at 160 minutes. Magnesium-substituted samples (x = 0.4 and x = 0.6) also showed significant degradation, though at a slower rate compared to pure CuFe2O4. Photocatalytic performance, particularly in degrading Methylene Blue, was evaluated using various kinetic models such as First- and Second-Order Kinetics, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the two-parameter Weibull distribution.

Study of Fe3O4 and Cu2+ doped modified Fe3O4 nano catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and eriochrome black-T dyes: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial assessment

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of undoped Fe3O4 and 3% Cu-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a cost-effective and environmentally friendly co-precipitation method. A comprehensive suite of nanomaterial characterization techniques, including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was employed to confirm the elemental composition, structural parameters, and chemical states of the prepared materials. Additionally, fragmentation analysis using LC–MS illustrated the structural stability and breakdown of the nanoparticles under specific conditions. Both the materials were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for investigating the magnetic, and surface characteristics respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards methylene blue and eriochrome black T dyes. A systematic investigation of various parameters, including the pH of the dye solution, dye concentration over time, catalyst dose, dye concentration versus degradation, catalyst reusability, and kinetic study, was conducted to understand the factors influencing the photocatalytic activity of both undoped and Cu-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The LC-MS analysis predicted the probable degradation pathways of MB and EBT dyes. This work provides insights into the sustainable synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and practical application of Fe3O4-based nanoparticles for water treatment applications, highlighting their potential as efficient and environmentally benign Photocatalyst for wastewater remediation. An investigation was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of both undoped and doped nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined against the bacterial strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, as well as the fungal strains C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus.

Construction of Magnetic Ag3PO4/Fe3O4/Chitosan Polymer Composite with Enhanced Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic Activity for the Methylene Blue Dye Degradation

Construction of Magnetic Ag3PO4/Fe3O4/Chitosan Polymer Composite with Enhanced Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic Activity for the Methylene Blue Dye Degradation

ZnO/carbon quantum dots nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera gum: An improved catalytic vitiation of methylene blue dye

The present study reports on the enhanced photocatalytic and chemocatalytic performance of ZnO/carbon dots (CDs) nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Carbon quantum dots were prepared by employing Moringa oleifera gum powder as a carbon source through the hydrothermal process. ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites were synthesized by dispersing ZnO nanoparticles into carbon quantum dot solution. The obtained samples were characterized by using techniques like FTIR, UV, and SEM with EDX analysis. When the methylene blue (MB) dye was exposed to visible light at room temperature, the ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites photocatalyst exhibited more photocatalytic and chemocatalytic activity than the pure ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic assay of ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites were also investigated. In addition to protecting the environment, the purpose of this research is to create a new visible-light photocatalyst for the effective treatment of organic wastewater.

Copper Oxide-Nickel oxide nanocomposites synthesized via Allium cepa peel extract for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Phyto-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials is attractive for its simplicity, non-toxicity, and eco-friendliness. This study focused on synthesizing copper oxide/nickel oxide nanocomposites (Cu-NiO NCs) using Allium cepa peel extract and their efficacy was evaluated against methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. Phytochemical investigation of the plant extract exposed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins, which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. Characterization using Ultraviolet Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies, and scanning electroscope microscopy (SEM) revealed band gaps of 3.55, 3.38, and 3.02 eV and particle sizes of 6.15, 6.89, and 7.73 nm for NiO NPs, 2 % Cu-NiO NCs, and 5 % Cu-NiO NCs, respectively. Besides, the degradation efficiencies of MB were 86.48 %, 94.92 %, and 97.36 %, using the most optimum catalyst under visible light source in 70 min. Finally, the reusability of the photocatalysts was evaluated in three consecutive cycles, which showed a decrease in degradation efficiency of only 21.58 %, 7.17 %, and 7.95 % for NiO NPs, 2 % Cu-NiO NCs, and 5 % Cu-NiO NCs catalysts, respectively indicating good reusability of the catalysts. The study highlights Cu-NiO NCs as promising photocatalysts for MB dye degradation.

Visible/solar light active transparent BiB3O6 glass- ceramics multi-catalysis

Borate based non-centrosymmertic crystals are known for their non-linear optical properties. This study reports BiB3O6 glass-ceramics for photocatalysis and piezocatalysis applications. These were fabricated via. melt-quench technique and yellow transparent glass samples were made. Effectiveness of a bismuth-triborate glass-ceramic (BiB3O6) in degrading methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) dye undergoing photocatalysis in the presence of visible light and solar light for MB dye was studied. Degradation observed in photocatalysis was ∼62 % and ∼50 % for MB and MV dye respectively in 240 min whereas, ∼72 % of MB dye was degraded under solar light. Piezocatalysis was examined to assess the extended potential of this material, resulting in approximately ∼76 % degradation of MB dye. Moreover, in synergistic photo-piezocatalysis degradation of ∼88 % was observed. Phytotoxicity was also assessed using the germination index (GI) showing ∼76 %, using heat treated sample.

A Comparative Study of the individual and Mixed Oxide Nanostructures on Sunlight Driven Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antimicrobial Efficacy

A Comparative Study of the individual and Mixed Oxide Nanostructures on Sunlight Driven Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Sphere-like Nb2O5 nanoparticles by waste Brassica oleracea leaf extract for lead removal and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Currently, water-soluble pollutants such as hazardous chemicals and pigments create severe environmental hazards. Heavy metals such as lead, chromium, mercury, and arsenic were dangerous to living beings even at very low levels. To overcome this limitation, Nb2O5 nanoparticles were created utilizing a novel green approach. Based on plant components, green technique is a low-cost, safe, and environmentally good solution. In the present inquiry, we employ phytonutrients from waste Brassica oleracea leaf juice as a capping and reducing component. The product was evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, UV, SEM, and TEM techniques. The findings showed that the produced Nb2O5 NPs had a sphere-like geometry having a median particle dimension of 9 nm confirmed by XRD analysis. SEM study reveals ultrafine, homogeneous morphological agglomerations and uniform granules in TEM analysis, 10–15 nm particles predicted by crystallography, orthorhombic Nb2O5 (001) planes matching 0.39 nm lattice edge measurement error, and a clearly defined SAED diffract signal implying polycrystalline calcined powder. Excitation absorbance bands at 350 nm may be caused by charged balancing in the Nb–O–Nb architecture increasing oxygen concentration confirmed by UV–Vis analysis. The Nb2O5 nanosphere has a surface area of 120 m2/g, 0.592 cm2/g of pores, and a mean pore dimension of 15.2 nm, determined using Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH). A sequential Adsorption capacities assay shown that it is an effective absorber used to eliminate Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Adsorbents was able to be readily removed from the resultant fluid and recycled repeatedly. The produced Nb2O5 Nanoparticles are capable of removing toxic heavy metals and synthetic colors from polluted waterways.

The influence of operational factors on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous Sr-Au-ZnO suspensions under UV-A light

Any of several processes that break down dyes, ideally into harmless chemicals, is referred to as industrial dye degradation. Water waste discharges various colors, particularly those used in the textile industry like methyl red and methylene blue, into ecosystems, leading to significant pollution of the water supply. Under UV-A irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of a commercial heterocyclic aromatic chemical molecule called methylene blue (MB) has been investigated using an aqueous solution of Sr-Au-ZnO as a photocatalyst. Research has been done on how different process characteristics affect the degradation process. For the mineralization of MB dye under UV-A light, it was found that the optimized Sr-Au-ZnO was more effective than commercial catalysts (ZnO and benchmark photocatalyst Degussa P25), single metal dopants (Sr-ZnO, Au-ZnO), and prepared ZnO. The effects of operational parameters, such as the quantity of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and starting pH, on the photo-mineralization of MB are analyzed before optimal values are given. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements have confirmed that MB is mineralized. Using GC–MS analysis, the intermediates produced during photodegradation were predicted, and an appropriate degradation pathway was suggested. This procedure can be used for treating wastewater from sewage since optimized Sr-Au-ZnO is reusable.

Nanostructured hexagonal S-doped CeO2 for effective Rh-B and MB dye degradation

The photocatalytic efficiency of CeO2−xSx (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5) hexagonal nanoparticles (HNPs) prepared through the hydrothermal method were tested by performing the degradation of Rhodamine-B and Methylene blue dyes under UV light irradiation. These compounds were thoroughly characterised using XRD, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, XPS, ESR, FTIR, Raman, UV–vis DRS, BET and PL techniques. XRD analysis verified the cubic crystal structure of S-doped and pure CeO2 HNPs. HRTEM images clearly affirmed that S-doped CeO2 is made from HNPs. Over 94 % of Rh-B and 72 % of MB dyes were degraded by S-doped CeO2 for 180 min under UV light exposure, demonstrating its efficacy towards the photocatalytic activity (PCA). S-doped CeO2 HNPs have enhanced the PCA due to the reduction in the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, the rise in oxygen vacancy (Ov) and the narrowed optical band-gap. The photoluminescence findings clearly validated the increased PCA of S-doped CeO2. The scavenger tests confirmed the OH• and •O2− radicals participation in the quick degradation of both Rh-B and MB dyes.

Green synthesis of Zn-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes under sunlight

Green synthesis of Zn-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes under sunlight

Plant extract mediated synthesis of BiFeO3 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Plant extract mediated synthesis of BiFeO3 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye