Abstract
The significance and reliability of membrane-based water purification in wastewater recycling are emphasized in this study. Hydrophilic cellulose acetate and hydrophobic polycaprolactam membranes incorporated with TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids were fabricated by electrospinning. Synthesis of TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids employed a sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method, while g-C3N4 through fractional thermal polymerization of acetic acid-modified melamine. The optimized photocatalytic hybrid exhibited methylene blue degradation by a 1.5-fold increase in photoactivity compared to pristine TiO2 and a 3-fold increase compared to g-C3N4. Upon incorporation into electrospun membranes, the hybrids demonstrated effective degradation of Methylene blue dye by photocatalysis, and the membranes exhibited excellent stability over multiple cycles.
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