Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Research Articles

Internal combustion engine diagnostics using statistically processed Wiebe function

The aim of the article is to present the concept of an indirect diagnostic method using the assessment of the variability of the amount of released heat (mass fraction burn) and the heat release rate. The Wiebe function for the assessment of variability has been used. The Wiebe function parameters from the course of the high-pressure indication in the cylinder of internal combustion engine using linear regression have been calculated. From a sufficiently large number of measured samples, the upper and lower limits of the Wiebe function parameters have been statistically determined. Lower and upper limits characterize variability of the heat release process not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of heat release rate. The assessment of variability is thus more complicated than using one integral indicator, typically the mean value of amount of the released heat. The procedure enabling a more accurate estimation of heat generation beginning has been shown. For the combustion process variability assessment of the engine, statistical test of relative frequencies has been used.

Variability of Surface Strengthening of Aluminum Cylinders of Internal Combustion Engines

This article discusses the ways of intensification of the oxidation process with the formation of surface properties necessary to increase the service life of one of the parts of an internal combustion engine - a cylinder made of cast aluminum alloy. A brief overview of existing technologies for hardening the aluminum surface is presented. Environmentally friendly options are proposed for using the potential of processes that have accumulated energy within an electrolytic cell by activating the interelectrode gap and forming an oxide with desired properties. The main difference from the existing model approaches of oxide formation lies in the parallel excitation of the main participant in the process, oxygen, in order to dominate it over other, oxygen-containing donors. Ways of using the energy of cavitation phenomena due to acoustic resonance in an electrolytic solution are proposed. Redistribution of the field potential by replacing a flat cathode with a pointed one changed the conductivity conditions in the interelectrode gap as a result of the electroconvective action. The structure of the oxide layer, phase changes, and physical properties confirming the originality of oxide coatings have been investigated.

Investigation of the Effects of Uneven Plateau Grinding on Friction, Wear Rate, and Localized Surface Damage on Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Liners

Investigation of the Effects of Uneven Plateau Grinding on Friction, Wear Rate, and Localized Surface Damage on Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Liners

Possibility of using gas lubricant in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of transport vehicles

The prospects of using the gas-static suspension of the internal combustion engine piston in transport vehicles and power plants are considered. The diagram of the piston and the method for calculating the stiffness and bearing capacity of the gas layer surrounding the piston are presented, as well as the results of experiments that showed the relevance of this method. The possibility of gas and static centering of the engine piston is confirmed. Keywords: internal combustion engine, piston, gasstatic suspension, stiffness, bearing capacity, gas medium. lysenkojo@mail.ru

HONING EXACT HOLES Continuation

The processes of finishing the surfaces of cylindrical and conical holes (including those up to 6 meters deep and up to 350 millimeters in diameter) are considered. These processes allow to obtain through holes with an accuracy of 6th grade with surface roughness Ra  0.32 microns) of special pipes, hydraulic cylinders, landing gear of aircraft and cylinders of internal combustion engines.

Thermal analysis of fin materials for engine cylinder heat transfer enhancement

In automobiles the internal combustion engine cylinder is one of the major component which is subjected to high thermal stresses and temperature variations. Engine cylinders come up with fins or extended surfaces. The heat transfer enhancement from engine cylinder is mainly depends on fin material and shape. We can use different fin materials and fin geometries in order to increase heat transfer rate. In this work heat transfer rate through fins with different materials was evaluated. The fin geometries such as the rectangular fins attached to the cylinder block. In this analysis different physical and thermal properties along with cost associated with the fin materials are considered. The 3D model of geometries are created using CATIA-V5, and thermal properties are analyzed using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT 2020 R1. From the results of steady state thermal analysis of engine cylinder it is found that the value of heat flux increased through cylinder block to the surroundings. The weighted point method applied to find performance of fins based on material that is best suited for manufacturing of fins.

HONING EXACT HOLES

The processes of finishing the surfaces of cylindrical and conical holes (including those up to 6 meters deep and up to 350 millimeters in diameter) are considered. These processes allow to obtain through holes with an accuracy of 6th grade with surface roughness Ra £ 0.32 microns) of special pipes, hydraulic cylinders, landing gear of aircraft and cylinders of internal combustion engines.

CFD Port Flow Simulation of Air Flow Rate in Spark Ignition Engine

In the early stages of development of internal combustion engine (ICE), limitations such as speed, range, and lifespan led to series of researches resulting in the reduction or elimination of these limitations. Combustion in ICE is a rapid and controlled endothermic reaction between air in oxygen and fuel which is accompanied by significant increase in temperature and pressure with the production of heat, flame and carbon particle deposits. This combustion process is a phenomenon that involves turbulence, loss of air-fuel mixture during inflow and outflow into the cylinder. The objection of this study is to perform port flow analysis on ICE to determine flow rate and swirl at different valve lift under stationary engine parts.Methodology employed to analyze and solve the ICE port flow simulation is the use of CFD software that uses the finite volume method of numerical analysis to solve the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations governing the air medium in the internal combustion engine cylinder. The model geometry for the analysis was generated using the Ansys Design Modeller for one cylinder, one suction port and one exhaust port, and two valves. The domain considered is internal combustion engine suction port with 86741 nodes and 263155 elements. Study results revealed that air mass was more concentrated around the valve and inlet port cross-section with swirling motion seen, air stream experienced turbulence as it flowed downwards inside the cylinder, air stream spread was turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion, swirling air stream moves towards the cylinder wall where it experienced tumbling and turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion. From the simulation it was revealed that mass flow rate of inlet air increases with valve lift.

The issue of improving the efficiency of nitrogen oxide neutralization systems in diesel internal combustion engines

The most effective method of reducing nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust gas is selective purification by the SCR-NH3 method. The method uses ammonia released during thermolysis and hydrolysis of a urea solution when it is injected through a nozzle into a neutralizer. This method has a relatively low efficiency of cleaning the exhaust gas from nitrogen oxides. The main factor hindering the achievement of high efficiency of the NOx neutralization system is the insufficiently high temperature during the implementation of this process. The article analyzes various ways to increase the efficiency of the neutralization process and proposes a new method for neutralizing NOx by using urea injection into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine at the expansion stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine. Efficiency can be achieved due to a higher exhaust gas temperature in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and an increase in the time of the process of thermolysis and hydrolysis of urea. The kinetics of the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, the process of NH3 oxidation, and the calculation of temperature conditions in the cylinder of a diesel internal combustion engine at the exhaust cycle are considered. The experience of neutralization of NOx contained in the flue gases of thermal power plants, where NOx purification takes place at high temperatures without the use of a catalyst, is analyzed. It is shown that the modernization of the SCR-NH3 process, due to the injection of urea at the exhaust stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine, will simplify the existing method of NOx neutralization and at the same time obtain additional advantages for a modern high-speed engine.

Забезпечення енергоефективності трансмісій автомобілів і тракторів при модернізації зі зміною числа циліндрів ДВЗ

The article investigates the energy efficiency of motor-transmission units when using internal combustion engines with different numbers of cylinders. Transmissions, those in a unit with piston internal combustion engines are loaded with uneven torque, which is the cause of torsional vibrations of their parts. Torsional vibrations create additional dynamic loads on the transmission elements, and also reduce its efficiency. To ensure a high level of energy efficiency of the engine-transmission unit, the elastic-inertial parameters of the transmission must be matched with the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the torque of the installed engine. When replacing a serial internal combustion engines with an engine with output characteristics different from the prototype, it is necessary to assess the vibration resistance of the modernized engine-transmission unit, which was done in this work. As a criterion for vibration resistance of the modernized machine unit, the cyclic elastic efficiency of the transmission was used. This factor takes into account the natural frequency of the transmission input shaft, as well as the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the engine torque. The decisive influence on the vibration characteristics of the engine is exerted by the rotational speed of its crankshaft and the number of cylinders. When conducting a comparative assessment of the energy efficiency level of the modernized engine-transmission unit, it was assumed that before the modernization the transmission was in a unit with a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. As a result of the study, the conditions for ensuring the vibration resistance of engine transmission units have been determined, a method has been developed for comparative analysis of the energy efficiency indicators of engine transmission units with different numbers of internal combustion engine cylinders, and possible ways to increase the energy efficiency of engine units of cars and tractors during modernization with a change in the number of internal combustion engine cylinders are indicated.

CFD Port Flow Simulation of Air Flow Rate in Spark Ignition Engine

In the early stages of development of internal combustion engine (ICE), limitations such as speed, range, and lifespan led to series of researches resulting in the reduction or elimination of these limitations. Combustion in ICE is a rapid and controlled endothermic reaction between air in oxygen and fuel which is accompanied by significant increase in temperature and pressure with the production of heat, flame and carbon particle deposits. This combustion process is a phenomenon that involves turbulence, loss of air-fuel mixture during inflow and outflow into the cylinder. The objection of this study is to perform port flow analysis on ICE to determine flow rate and swirl at different valve lift under stationary engine parts.Methodology employed to analyze and solve the ICE port flow simulation is the use of CFD software that uses the finite volume method of numerical analysis to solve the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations governing the air medium in the internal combustion engine cylinder. The model geometry for the analysis was generated using the Ansys Design Modeller for one cylinder, one suction port and one exhaust port, and two valves. The domain considered is internal combustion engine suction port with 86741 nodes and 263155 elements.
 Study results revealed that air mass was more concentrated around the valve and inlet port cross-section with swirling motion seen, air stream experienced turbulence as it flowed downwards inside the cylinder, air stream spread was turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion, swirling air stream moves towards the cylinder wall where it experienced tumbling and turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion. From the simulation it was revealed that mass flow rate of inlet air increases with valve lift.

FEATURES OF LIQUID GAS SPRAYING PROCESS SIMULATION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the spraying process a propane-butane liquefied mixture. The aim of the work is to develop a numerical model of the thermohydrodynamic process of liquefied gas spraying and to determine the thermophysical and geometric parameters of the spray torch in order to improve the existing fuel supply scheme of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The main theoretical aspects of the liquefied gas spraying process and the main thermophysical parameters required for numerical calculations of the studied phenomenon are presented in the paper. A numerical simulation method based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes equation is used, and the model is tuned using the finite volume method. Numerical experiments were performed by injecting a liquefied propane-butane mixture into the air stream for a period of time sufficient for combustion in the internal combustion engine cylinder. The dependence of the depth of penetration of the fuel stream into the flow of oxidizing oxide, depending on the gas supply pressure, is established. Profiles of velocities, temperatures and concentrations of the injected mixture and gas phase are obtained. Theoretical estimation of the average droplet size of the sprayed liquid is carried out.

Reduction of Crankshaft Stress By Using of the Torsional Vibration Damper

Abstract This paper deals with the stress analysis of crankshaft of a 4- cylinder internal combustion engine. The crankshaft is during its operation subjected to static and dynamic load. High frequency dynamic cyclic loading can lead to material fatigue and eventually fracture. To reduce this dynamic loading a new type of torsional vibration damper built in the crankshaft counterweight will be analyzed with the use of numerical simulation. After defining boundary conditions and applying loads, Von Mises stress analysis will be performed using the finite element method.

Analysis of material removal rate in magnetic assisted abrasive honing process

Honing is a machining process in which abrasive particles are used for finishing purpose, it is used specifically for internal finishing of cylinder of internal combustion engine. The non-conventional manufacturing process has been used for mass finishing of products where ultra-smooth surface is paramount. In present research work, three independent variables i.e. work piece rotation, magnetic flux density and process duration were varied in a selected range and their effect was realized in terms of percentage change in material removal rate. Regression and Genetic algorithm are used to formulate an objective function and to find best fitness function.

Дослідження процесу теплопередачі в циліндрах двигуна внутрішнього згоряння

The article analyzes scientific publications and literary studies of heat transfer processes in cylinders of internal combustion engines. The research of temperature fields in engines during their operation at different modes with the use of a software package and calculation module is presented. The results of modeling and thermo-metering in homogeneous and laminated engine cylinder liners are analyzed. Graphic dependencies and temperature distribution by cylinder wall thickness at maximum and minimum temperature on cylinder surface are given. On the basis of researches it is established that at laminating and pressing of inserts temperature fields in the engine cylinder change, temperature on an internal surface of the cylinder increases at laminating on 6,5 °С, and at pressing - on 4,5 °С. This is explained by the fact that the contact layer during plastification is in the zone of non-stationary mode, and when pressing the contact layer is in the zone of stationary mode and thus increases the thickness of the cylinder by 2 millimeters. It is established that the difference of minimum and maximum temperatures on the inner surface of the cylinder practically remains the same as that of a homogeneous cylinder. Thus, modeling becomes the most effective scientific tool in the development and implementation of long-term evaluation of options for improving ICE.

Simplification of the Model of Piezoelectric Actuator Control Based on Preliminary Measurements

This article describes a mathematical model simplification, designed to automate the iterative process of non-circular drilling with a precise shape. This model has been optimized for systems that already have experimental data for processing and analysis. Additionally, using optimization steps, the model can be used for systems with insufficient experimental data with a self-learning opportunity. The high-end model can be used for drilling systems represented as a “black box” without knowing of any parameters of the system. The simplification and assumptions algorithm is based on controlling the input signal for non-circular drilling in the cylinders of internal combustion engines using a drilling machine controlled by 8 piezoelectric actuators. The total dynamics of this system is unknown and consists of the dynamics of electrical converters, piezo-kinematics, and mechanics. Simplification is carried out starting from the methods of diacoptics for a complex system with different process-flow rates, and ending with one or the sum of linear models valid for a given system of assumptions.

Effect of Strain Rate on the Deformation Behaviour of A356-T7 Cast Aluminium Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Internal combustion engine downsizing and powertrain electrification trends in recent years have led to higher thermal loads on the cylinder head materials with an increased number of engine start–stop thermal load cycles. This requires designing cylinder heads that are resilient against thermomechanical fatigue damage. To reduce the developmental costs, reliable numerical models for use in computer-aided design approaches are required. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the material deformation behaviour under loads mimicking in-service conditions is desired to make better engineering decisions. This study examines the effect of strain rate on the cyclic deformation behaviour of the A356-T7 + 0.5% Cu aluminium alloy commonly used in modern internal combustion engine cylinder heads. Samples extracted from the valve bridge areas of the cylinder heads are tested in strain-controlled fatigue tests. Samples are tested at strain rates of 1% s−1 and 10% s−1 at room temperature, 150 and 200 °C. The material exhibits increased isotropic hardening and softening rates and an increased number of cycles to failure at 10% s−1. The strain rate has a dramatic influence on the mean stress development at room temperature. The role of silicon particles in the fracture mechanism is investigated using electron microscopy techniques.

Thermal barrier and photocatalytic properties of La2Zr2O7 NPs synthesized by a Neem extract assisted combustion method

The La2Zr2O7 NPs photocatalyst was selectively prepared by bio-mediated combustion method by using green extract (Neem extract) and characterized by spectral techniques. The average crystallite size was found to be in the range of ~14 nm by means of XRD analysis. The coating of prepared material in IC engine by plasma spread coating method showed good thermal barrier property, which reduces the heat transfer in Internal Combustion (IC) engine cylinder. SEM photographs show that surface morphology of the La2Zr2O7 photocatalyst by the concentration of Neem extract. La2Zr2O7 photocatalyst shows UV induced photodegradation activity for the decomposition of Methylene blue (MB). Electrochemical investigation was conducted to study the redox-peak current in 0.1 M KCl with Carbon- La2Zr2O7 electrode paste and its performance in chemical sensor activity. These reported studies are proposing some new insight to improve nanomaterials for thermal barrier coating and dye degradation applications.

Emission flame characteristics for cyclic combustion of liquid fuels

The paper considers issues related to the emissivity of the flame generated in the cylinder of a high-speed piston internal combustion engine and, in particular, diesel and the effect of soot particles formed during the combustion of motor fuel on this process. The factors determining this process are presented, the data of various researchers involved in these processes are analyzed. Data are presented that establish the relationship between the amount of soot particles formed and the emission characteristics of the flame, on which the thermal loading of the parts of the cylinder-piston group depends.

Design Analysis of Reciprocating Piston for Single Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine

In this study, CAD model was developed for reciprocating piston of an IC engine using SOLIDWORKS (2017 version) modelling tool and was simulated at a speed of 600-3000 RPM. Reaction forces and linear velocity at different combustion time, thermal stresses, equivalent strains, resultant and displacement on the piston were determined. At an engine speed of 3000 RPM and 224NM torque, maximum displacement of 8.03x10-1mm, maximum equivalent strain of 2.152x10-2 and maximum thermal stress of 24.465N/mm^2. The maximum thermally induced stress value fell below the yield strength (460 N/mm^2) of the low alloy steel piston material, indicating that the material still has the capacity to accommodate stresses and deformations before its yield strength is exceeded. It was observed that the higher the engine speed, the higher the reaction forces and resultant displacements on the piston. The highest deformation value was recorded as 13,004.927 N/mm^2 which occurred at the point where the piston pin and one end of the connecting rod interlocks. Specific attention should be given to the selection of piston material and the intricate environment it operates, as it serves as the heart of a given IC engine.