Current Applications Research Articles

A Novel 6500 V SiC Trench MOSFET with Integrated Unipolar Diode for Improved Third Quadrant and Switching Characteristics.

A 6500 V SiC trench MOSFET with integrated unipolar diode (UD-MOS) is proposed to improve reverse conduction characteristics, suppress bipolar degradation, and reduce switching loss. An N type base region under the trench dummy gate provides a low barrier path to suppress hole injection during the reverse conduction operation. The reverse conduction voltage VON is reduced to 1.11 V, and the reverse recovery charge (QRR) is reduced to 1.22 μC/cm2. The gate-to-drain capacitance (CGD) and gate-to-source capacitance (CGS) of the UD-MOS are also reduced to improve switching loss due to the thick oxide layer between the trench gate and dummy gate. The proposed device exhibits an excellent loss-related figure of merit (FOM). It provides a high-voltage SiC MOSFET prototype with potential performance advantages for voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current applications.

瑶族民间美术资源在幼儿园环境创设中的应用

Folk art is an important component of national culture, with a long history and abundant resources. This study takes Kindergarten A in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County as an example to focus on exploring the problems and optimization strategies of Yao folk art resources in the application of kindergarten environment creation. This article first elaborates on the current application status of Jinxiu Yao folk art resources in kindergarten environmental design, points out the existing problems, and then proposes a series of effective optimization strategies.

Potentialities and Challenges of Project-Based Method in Pedagogy

Project based method is one of the most effective processes in pedagogy. Learning by doing theory is implemented by this method. The prime objectives of this study are to investigate the benefits and challenges of project based method and contribute in pedagogical process through new findings. Its findings will support to teachers to develop theirs professional skills and accordingly it helps to develop the learners’ intellectual as well as social skills. The target populations were selected from school students and campus lecturers for its findings. Purposeful sampling method was administered to select the sample population. Semi structured questionnaire, focused group discussion and observation were administered to collect the data from the respondents. Mixed approach is applied in this study. Previous literatures and present application condition of project method were methodologically analyzed. After its analysis, previous literatures and current application conditions of the project based method were traced similar.

Mechatronics in modern industrial applications: Delving into the integration of electronics, mechanics, and informatics

This study delves into the integration of electronics, mechanics, and informatics within the realm of mechatronics, emphasizing its pivotal role in modern industrial applications. The primary objective is to dissect the synergistic interplay of these disciplines and assess their collective impact on various industrial sectors. Employing a systematic literature review as the core methodology, the research draws on a wide array of peer-reviewed articles and academic journals, focusing on publications from the last two decades to ensure relevance and contemporaneity. Key findings reveal that mechatronics has significantly evolved from its conceptual inception to a cornerstone technology in industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and healthcare. The study highlights the advancements in mechatronic systems, including the integration of AI and IoT, which have led to enhanced efficiency, precision, and adaptability in industrial processes. Furthermore, the research identifies the economic, technological, and environmental impacts of these systems, underscoring their role in driving innovation and sustainability. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders and policymakers, emphasizing the need for continuous investment in R&D, workforce training, and the development of ethical standards and regulations. It also proposes future research directions, particularly focusing on the scalability, sustainability, and long-term societal impacts of mechatronic systems. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of mechatronics in the industrial domain, offering insights into its current applications and future potential.

Students’ Acceptance of Drones Using the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (KAP) Model

Currently, drones are used for commercial, public safety, recreational, and scientific research purposes. Both short-term and long-term projections indicate the extensive adoption of drones in numerous industries. However, it is uncertain whether future generations will tolerate this high potential for drone congestion. This quantitative survey study investigated students' approval of drones by employing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practise (KAP) model and reducing uncertainty with statistical analysis. A recent survey utilised the KAP model to determine the public's perception of drones. This survey instrument was completely redesigned to better comprehend students' knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions regarding forty distinct drone applications. The practise section was also redesigned to better comprehend how students use drones on a personal and academic level. The results indicated that drones are currently approved. Commercial and recreational uses are not permitted. Students view drones as a potentially dangerous technology that directly invades their privacy. Furthermore, students are unaware of the majority of prospective and current drone applications. The survey was disseminated to college and high school students to represent the younger generation of the population (113 completed surveys). Additionally, students must be informed about these strategies via the media and educational institutions. This may assist in transforming the perception of drones from destroying machines and privacy invaders to a technology beneficial to society

Engineered Dynamic Hydrogel Niches for the Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Osteoporosis and Degenerative Endocrine Diseases.

Osteoporosis and degenerative endocrine diseases are some of the major causes of disability in the elderly. The feedback loop in the endocrine system works to control the release of hormones and maintain the homeostasis of metabolism, thereby regulating the function of target organs. The breakdown of this feedback loop results in various endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as osteoporosis, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. The direct regulation of redox homeostasis is one of the most attractive strategies to redress the imbalance of the feedback loop. The biophysical regulation of redox homeostasis can be achieved through engineered dynamic hydrogel niches, with which cellular mechanics and redox homeostasis are intrinsically connected. Mechanotransduction-dependent redox signaling is initiated by cell surface protein assemblies, cadherins for cell-cell junctions, and integrins for cell-ECM interactions. In this review, we focused on the biophysical regulation of redox homeostasis via the tunable cell-ECM interactions in the engineered dynamic hydrogel niches. We elucidate processes from the rational design of the hydrogel matrix to the mechano-signaling initiation and then to the redox response of the encapsulated cells. We also gave a comprehensive summary of the current biomedical applications of this strategy in several degenerative endocrine disease models.

A Review of Current Metaverse Applications as a Tool for Reshaping Human Behaviour in Health Communication

In line with the objectives of Industry 4.0, the Health 4.0 initiative promotes the integration of cutting-edge technology into medical practice. The Health 4.0 concept includes virtual reality (VR) as a component that has the potential to play an important role. Even though VR in the medical field is a hot issue right now, there is still a lack of understanding about VR-assisted treatment from a broad viewpoint. The combination of healthcare with the metaverse will result in more efficient resource distribution and usage within the healthcare system. The data pertaining to healthcare in the metaverse are kept on a public server, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based devices are used to retrieve it. Through the use of metaverse's healthcare systems, patients get a diagnosis in a timely manner. Because the metaverse is meant to be used for specific things, its effects on society, the economy, and culture are also determined by those things. The main findings of this review are to highlight the metaverse's goal of encouraging connectivity, collaboration, and new experiences directly affects how people interact, work, and interact with digital environments and how important it is for responsible and ethical development to make sure that all of these elements work well together. This analysis is going to be broken down into two distinct categories, the first two of which are purpose and impact. In conclusion, the findings of this research will help to improve strategic decision-making as well as policy-making processes in order to pursue the creation of commercial opportunities via the deployment of a metaverse service in healthcare and other comparable contexts.

Using digital twins in education from an innovative perspective: Potential and application areas

Despite existing for two decades, digital twin technologies have failed to catch up with similar emerging technologies. The education sector is one area that could use the functionalities provided by digital twins. Defined as virtual replicas of physical reality, digital twins mirror the real objects they represent, including components, infrastructure, architecture, and functionality. Therefore, one should expect a virtual lab to look like a physical one. Educational institutions fast-tracked the digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic, as all industries and sectors did. As such, online and distance learning received much hype from stakeholders. However, many institutions failed to utilize digital twins in designing the new digital educational systems. However, similar technologies featured prominently, including virtual reality and artificial intelligence. As outlined in this research, digital twin technologies could encompass all technologies used to design and deploy distance, virtual, or online learning. Current applications illustrate that many institutions focus on developing a digital platform for learners and, in some cases, educators. The full potential of digital twins is yet to be fully realized, meaning that digital twins could develop further to help the education sector reach the necessary evolutionary milestones.

Grant writing

Grant writing is the process of responding to an application for a financial grant from institutions such as research organisations, government agencies, corporations, foundations, trusts, and international funding organisations. The skills required to write successful grants are referred to as grantsmanship. Over the past few decades, the process of applying for grants has become increasingly complex and highly competitive. Therefore, the grant proposals must be based on innovative ideas, capable of advancing the current status of knowledge, compelling, and well-written. Types of Research Grants Collaborative research grants are usually interdisciplinary, multicentre, and multicountry. These are led by senior researchers with a team of co-investigators including post–doctoral fellows, and postgraduate students. Fellowships are individual research grants that provide the fellow who obtains the grant the time to focus on the research project for a stipulated time. Targeted grants are for early-career, mid-career, or senior researchers. The grant announcement for these indicates the category of researchers who are eligible to apply. Networking grants are aimed at developing teams and establishing teams of academic and research collaborators for a particular research topic. These grants provide funding for researchers to engage in discussions regarding potential research ideas. Small grants fund small research projects or preliminary research that provide initial data for larger research projects in the future. Travel grants are usually for professional development and are provided by disciplinary specialist organisations. The researcher is supported to travel to institutions that have resources or opportunities that are not available at their home institution. Knowledge transfer grants or industrial partnerships are grants aimed at promoting collaboration and knowledge exchange between academic and non-academic collaborators. The funds can also be used for proof of concept, pilots, and getting new products to the market. Conference grants are used to disseminate research findings or host research conferences. Grant proposals The proposals should conform to the guidelines indicated in the funding opportunity announcement. Funders have guidelines regarding the sections of the proposals, font type, and font sizes to be used, sections of the proposal, page limits for each section, and the overall proposal. Project narrative This section provides the most comprehensive description of the proposed project. The main areas are the background and literature review that identify research gaps. It contains the research problem and questions/aims and objectives and documents the proposed research methods. Other areas addressed are the project management and delivery plan, which may require work packages. The budget and budget justification are also addressed in this section. Other documents required are: The curriculum vitae of the investigators detailing their previous research and how it relates to the current application. Well-written letters of support from collaborators and collaborating institutions that address the roles and responsibilities of team members are essential. This is particularly important for collaborative research that involves various partners from other universities, non-academic organisations, and industry. These partners should provide signed letters of support that indicate the specific contribution of the collaborator and commitment research project, and the contribution in cash or in-kind.

Application and management of healthcare industry 4.0 for unsafe food: Irradiation processing

Radiation technology is widely adopted in the healthcare industry 4.0 for food due to its advantages in insecticidal sterilization, reducing product microbial levels, and extending shelf life. The irradiation processing of health food mainly focuses on raw material irradiation, with less involvement in finished product irradiation. Although the national regulatory authorities have issued various regulations and standards, they still cannot meet regulatory needs. The interpretation of unsafe food should be combined with food safety standards, using a functionalist interpretation method to distinguish between substantive and non-substantive standards. This study analyzes the current application status, application basis, and regulatory policies of irradiation technology in Pakistan's health food industry, and proposes the main problems and work suggestions from the perspective of standardization. It can provide reference for the subsequent revision of national food safety standards and the construction of standard systems. This study also overviews the new innovations in industry 4.0 for food healthcare and management. Following this interpretation and application method not only helps to achieve legislative objectives, but also ensures fairness in individual cases.

Advancements in artificial intelligence technology for improving animal welfare: Current applications and research progress

AbstractThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various sectors has led to significant advancements, with the animal industry being no exception. This review aims to investigate the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of AI technology in improving animal welfare. First, it examines the role of AI in understanding animal behaviors and emotions, providing deeper insights into their well‐being and sources of stress. Next, the paper explores how AI can revolutionize animal nutrition through innovative algorithms and data analytics. The health aspect emphasizes the ability of AI to identify and manage illnesses through intelligent systems. This review also highlights the application of AI in improving animal living conditions, with a focus on environmental management and automated cleaning and disinfection systems. In conclusion, the review emphasizes AI‐driven techniques for early prediction, close monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of animal diseases, ensuring healthier and more sustainable livestock management. By leveraging its advantages, addressing limitations, and exploring future directions, AI has the potential to significantly enhance animal welfare, sustainable agriculture, and veterinary practices.

CRISPR Technology in Infectious Disease Management: Principles, Applications, and Future Challenges with Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HBV

Retroviruses and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses enter cells by integrating their genetic materials into host DNA. During this period, the virus stays dormant and can escape host immune surveillance, which is difficult to detect and kill clinically. Thus, viral diseases, especially those caused by RNA viruses, pose a huge threat to public health. Currently, more research shows that clearing the genome of the virus has become a direct and effective way to treat viral diseases. However, viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 exhibit significant genetic diversity, with over 300000 mutants discovered, covering the entire genome of the virus, which greatly limits the traditional gene editing techniques for diagnosing and clearing the virus sequence. CRISPR-Cas can target multiple regions, exhibiting stronger catalytic activity compared to other gene editing methods. At present, it has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases. Therefore, understanding the principles of CRISPR-Cas technologies and identifying their potential applications in viral diseases is of great significance. This paper reviews the principles of this technology and its current applications in three aspects, COVID-19, HIV, and HBV. Additionally, this paper summarizes the difficulty in applying CRISPR-Cas technology and future expectations.

The Current Achievements and Existing Shortage of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is drug used to treat cancer by blocking immune checkpoint molecules and activating the immune system to attack tumor cells. ICI has limitations, including varying patient immune tolerance, immune-related adverse events, and unclear biomarkers. However, it is currently the most widely used, versatile, and highly effective immunotherapy drug. By comparing the efficacy of ICI with other treatment methods and citing examples of its breakthrough role in different cancers, the superiority of ICI is demonstrated. At the same time, it still has great potential and clinical value in the field of immunotherapy, and there is great room for development in both the design of new targets and the new application of known targets. This article discusses the advantages of ICI, particularly when combined with radio chemotherapy and chemotherapy, in cancer treatment. The summary outlines its mechanism of action, current applications, achievements, and limitations in the field further needed to be addressed.

ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OF RARE-EARTH ISOTOPES AT THE WWR-K RESEARCH REACTOR: PROMISING THERAPEUTIC RADIONUCLIDES

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are a group of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, including lanthanides and scandium and yttrium. These elements have unique physical and chemical properties that make them valuable in various industries, including electronics, magnets, and catalysts. However, radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements also possess effective nuclear physical properties that make them promising for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes. These radioactive isotopes have unstable atoms with excess nuclear energy, and they undergo radioactive decay, which can be utilized for medical applications.The nuclear physical properties of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements make them suitable for therapeutic purposes in medicine. For example, technetium-99m, a radioactive isotope of technetium, is widely used in diagnostic nuclear medicine due to its outstanding physical-chemical characteristics. Other radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements, such as holmium-166, have been established for a broad spectrum of medical applications. These isotopes can be used in targeted radiation therapy to treat various diseases, including cancer. The unique properties of these radioactive isotopes allow for precise targeting and delivery of radiation to specific tissues or cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.The potential of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements for therapeutic purposes extends beyond the current applications. Ongoing research and innovations in the field of radiopharmaceuticals continue to explore the use of underutilized lanthanoid radionuclides for theranostic purposes. For example, astatine, a rare and highly radioactive element, exhibits multiple isotopes that can be potentially utilized in targeted therapy. The development of new radiopharmaceuticals using radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements holds promise for advancing medical treatments and improving patient outcomes. With further research and advancements, these isotopes may play a crucial role in the future of therapeutic medicine.This research work makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of obtaining REE such radioisotopes as: 90Y, 141Ce, 147Nd, 153Sm, 165Dy, 166Ho, 169Tm, 175Yb, 177Yb, 177Lu by reaction (n, γ) at the WWR-K reactor.

Current Clinical Application of the CAR-T Cell Therapy

In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy as a novel approach to treating hematological diseases, including multiple myeloma, large B-cell lymphoma, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using the patient's genetically altered T-cells, this novel strategy precisely targets antigens linked to cancer. Even with the encouraging outcomes of using bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors to stop tumor antigen evasion, difficulties still arise, especially when dealing with solid tumors. There are several challenges because of the intricate interactions among many elements in the tumor microenvironment, such as immunosuppression, hypoxia, decreased T-cell infiltration, elevated reactive oxygen species, and the erratic nature of tumor-associated antigens. This study examines current efforts to find reliable tumor-associated antigens in an attempt to address issues impeding the efficacy of CAR-T treatment. The fundamental objective is to create CAR-T cells that are economical while being adapted to the distinct characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. By means of a comprehensive analysis of the course of the therapy, the study explores its potential therapeutic uses for a range of tumor types, including solid and hematological malignancies. This work not only sheds light on the enormous obstacles to obtaining precision medicine in cancer treatment, but it also advances our knowledge of the promise that the specific therapy has. The presented results open the door for future developments in the field and provide a nuanced viewpoint on the revolutionary role that the treatment has played in the contemporary cancer scene.

The Representation of the Body in new media, TikTok

The representation of the body in new media appears to be focused on navigating gendered norms of the body image, particularly those of masculinity and femininity, and perceived ideals of beauty as a sign of sexual attraction. The goal of this study is to examine how social networks contribute to the development of stereotypes that rely on body visibility. TikTok is one of the most current social networking applications (SNAs) that allow users to create, modify, and share short form films. The research technique offers a self-representation focused content analysis of sample videos. Such analysis examines the impact SNAs have on the formation and expression of users’ notions of beauty and gender through their digital representations of the body.

Lean User Experience (Lean UX) Approach in the Redesign of the SOBAT BPS Application

SOBAT BPS is a service provided by BPS to be used by partners and prospective partners of BPS throughout Indonesia. Alongside the utilization of the SOBAT BPS application, user reviews and assessments become significant elements in measuring the quality and success of this application. Feedback obtained from these assessments indicates that a redesign of the SOBAT BPS application is necessary to provide a better user experience. Prior to redesigning the SOBAT BPS application, a preliminary survey was conducted to understand user perceptions of the current system using heuristic evaluation and the user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Based on the preliminary survey results, there are issues related to the implementation of heuristic principles in the SOBAT BPS application, and only the UEQ stimulation scale received a good ranking. Therefore, the aim of this research is to redesign the SOBAT BPS application using the Lean UX method and to evaluate the redesigned results using heuristic evaluation and UEQ. The evaluation results of the redesigned SOBAT BPS application indicate that the redesign is superior to the current SOBAT BPS application.

Monitoring Emissions over Coastal Regions of Pakistan: Current Status and Applicable Techniques

Shipping operations have an environmental impact both in ports, as well as in the immediate vicinity of the coast. These impacts are due to the fuel burning exhaust from the ship’s main and auxiliary engines which contain gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and machinery used for loading and unloading, in addition to particulate matter and dust from the handling of materials such as grain, coal and sand. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is an efficient tool being used worldwide for the monitoring of environmental problems. Response of Earth’s atmosphere or surface to electromagnetic radiation can be mapped through RS for the status of changes in the natural environment. Smart sensors developed for detection of air pollutants is an emerging technique to monitor emissions for real time monitoring and management of air pollution in distant regions. In the current study, satellite data is used to investigated concentrations of key emissions from shipping operations at ports to analyse the status of air pollutants over coastal regions of Pakistan. The pollutants investigated in this study through RS and GIS technique include CO2, SO2, NO2, CO and Particulate Matter (PM). These emission trends can be used to determine the efficacy of mitigatory measures to reduce emissions at ports and monitor the air quality of coastal areas. Furthermore, use of scientific technology and current trends in the measurement and monitoring of shipping emission have been studied for their applicability in Pakistan.

Application of CRISPR-Cas 9 system in cancer therapy

There are several gene editing technologies under the background of that time, such as ZFN and TALEN which are hard to use and have high cost. On the contrary, the efficiency and accuracy of CRISPR-Cas system has attracted the attention of scientists. CRISPR is a Short palindromic repeat sequence, and it is widespread in many prokaryotes. The first CRISPR was cloned in E. coli by scientists in 1987, and several other sequences were subsequently cloned. The Cas is a nuclease, then two of them cooperate to become the CRISPR-Cas system. It is not only an acquired immune defense mechanism of prokaryotes against virus, but also a tool for gene editing. As an emerging gene editing technology in recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely applied to the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review focused on the application of this technology in cancer. This review systematically introduced the working principle and immune mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 and compared CRISPR-Cas9 technology with two previous generations of gene-editing technology, current application of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, elaborating it with relevant examples, and finally pointed out the challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, looking forward to the development of this technology in the future. The purpose of the paper is to introduce and popularize CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and to provide a direction for future cancer treatment.

Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Melanoma

The advent of ICIs has significantly improved outcomes for many types of cancer treatment, including advanced melanoma that cannot be respected. Among melanoma patients, there is clear evidence that Ipilimumab, the first monoclonal antibody approved for CTLA-4 targeting, as well as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which concentrate on PD-1, have led to increased overall survival. Combination therapy with other therapies shows better efficacy with ICI compared to monotherapy (e.g., a combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors). This article will explore recent research on the therapies of advanced melanoma, investigate the pathways of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 and their application as single therapy or combination with other therapies such as PD-1 drugs, in addition to other therapeutic methods, and the current application of TCM treatment. In addition, this review will discuss drug resistance to ICI treatment and explore potential biomarkers associated with ICI response in advanced melanoma patients and future prospects for ICI treatment.