Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is drug used to treat cancer by blocking immune checkpoint molecules and activating the immune system to attack tumor cells. ICI has limitations, including varying patient immune tolerance, immune-related adverse events, and unclear biomarkers. However, it is currently the most widely used, versatile, and highly effective immunotherapy drug. By comparing the efficacy of ICI with other treatment methods and citing examples of its breakthrough role in different cancers, the superiority of ICI is demonstrated. At the same time, it still has great potential and clinical value in the field of immunotherapy, and there is great room for development in both the design of new targets and the new application of known targets. This article discusses the advantages of ICI, particularly when combined with radio chemotherapy and chemotherapy, in cancer treatment. The summary outlines its mechanism of action, current applications, achievements, and limitations in the field further needed to be addressed.
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