Abstract
The advent of ICIs has significantly improved outcomes for many types of cancer treatment, including advanced melanoma that cannot be respected. Among melanoma patients, there is clear evidence that Ipilimumab, the first monoclonal antibody approved for CTLA-4 targeting, as well as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which concentrate on PD-1, have led to increased overall survival. Combination therapy with other therapies shows better efficacy with ICI compared to monotherapy (e.g., a combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors). This article will explore recent research on the therapies of advanced melanoma, investigate the pathways of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 and their application as single therapy or combination with other therapies such as PD-1 drugs, in addition to other therapeutic methods, and the current application of TCM treatment. In addition, this review will discuss drug resistance to ICI treatment and explore potential biomarkers associated with ICI response in advanced melanoma patients and future prospects for ICI treatment.
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