Cuprous Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effect of temperature on the growth of Cupric and Cuprous Nanoparticles in a wet chemical synthesis

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO) particles were synthesized using a wet chemical surfactant free method at different synthesis temperatures from 25 °C to 60 °C. Morphology, size, and chemical composition of the prepared Cu2O particles were analyzed by FESEM, PXRD, and UV-vis. We discovered that the chemical composition of the Cu2O particles remained unaffected by the synthesis temperature. However, morphology and size of the particles showed a strong temperature dependency. This could be attributed to the temperature induced formation of CuO species from the copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) precursor which also functions as copper precursor for the Cu2O particle growth. The cupric oxide species was determined to be the main cause for the formation of micrometer sized particles, whereas with the Cu(OH)2 precursor species for the Cu2O particles nanocubes with smaller edge lengths as well as octahedrons were obtained.

Electroosmotic microchannel flow of blood conveying copper and cupric nanoparticles: Ciliary motion experiencing entropy generation using backpropagated networks

AbstractA novel mathematical model for a hybrid (Cu–CuO/blood) Jeffrey nanofluid passing a vertical symmetric microchannel along with an electroosmosis pump is presented. The focuses on the advancement of mathematical modeling techniques, its comprehensive analysis of microfluidic system dynamics, and its potential to inform the optimal design of devices using nanofluids with broad applications in various fields. Arrhenius's law is used to analyze endothermic–exothermic reactions and activation energy. The governing partial differential equations of the fixed frame are transformed into ordinary differential equations of the wave frame using self‐similarity transformations. Low Reynolds number and long‐wavelength approximations helped to find solutions of the equations by applying a suitable BVP solver in MATLAB. The fluid's velocity, temperature, concentration, and electroosmosis properties are studied graphically. Two‐dimensional contour plots of fluid velocity and three‐dimensional surface plots of fluid properties are discussed. Physically significant quantities of mass transfer rate, skin friction coefficient, entropy generation, and heat transfer rate are studied using contour plots. Artificial neural network simulation using Bayesian regularization backpropagation algorithms is analyzed for training state, error histogram, fit, performance, and regression plots. Conclusively, the comprehensive analysis of the fluid dynamics, entropy generation, mass and heat transfer, and in the microchannel, coupled with the successful implementation of artificial neural network simulation, contributes to an improved understanding of the system's behavior. Entropy generation was raised for enhanced Brownian motion number and reduced values of thermophoresis, activation energy, and endothermic–exothermic reaction parameters. This study's results can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of microfluidic devices used in fields as diverse as electrical cooling and medicine delivery.

Investigation the activities of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes and inducing genotoxicity of cucumber seedling exposed to copper oxides nanoparticles stress

The anthropogenic increment of metallic nanoparticles in the agricultural environment may contaminate vegetables through foliar uptake. This study investigates the impact of cuprous and cupric nanoparticles (100, 200 and 400 mg L–1) on the early growth stages of cucumber plants and assessed their phenotypical and physiological effect. The potential phytotoxic effect of copper oxides NPs, as air-induced stress, was studied on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant systems in Cucumis sativus L. in addition to assessing inducing genotoxicity. The results showed that the foliar application of both Cu2O and CuO nanoparticles causes a decrease in seedling height, root length, average leaf area and RWC. Chlorophylls contents and nitrogen percentage on cucumber leaves were reduced while chlorophyll ratio, carotene content, electrolyte leakage, Fe and Cu contents were increased in the leaves by exposing them to Copper NPs. While Cu-NPs inhibit SOD and POD activities, CAT and MDA activities are promoted by applying copper oxides. At the same time, just the maximum doses of both oxides decreased APX activity. CuO nanoparticles induce genotoxicity and negatively affect cucumber seedlings' growth and physiological processes more than Cu2O.

The synthesis of cuprous nanoparticles using chemical reduction method

This research’s purpose was to synthesis Cu nanoparticles by chemical reduction method. Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate was used as the precursor and starch as a capping agent. Ascorbic acid was then added as a reductor. Sodium Hydroxide was slowly added and as the pH goes up, the yellow solution will turn ocher as a sign that Cu nanoparticles were formed. Afterwards, the Cu nanoparticles were characterized with XRD, SEM and UV-Vis. The XRD results shows the formation of cubic Cu2O nanocrystals with the mean crystal size of 134.76 nm, the UV-vis absorbance spectra were recorded highest between 311-446 nm and the FTIR spectra shows that the functional groups existing inside the synthesized NPs are vibrating Cu–O, stretching O–H, bending O–H, and carbon traces which were stretching C–H and bending C–O, caused by impurities from starch.

Single-chain polymer nanoparticles carried cuprous catalysts

A feasible method to prepare single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) loading metal catalysts via intramolecular collapse of the linear polymers is proposed. Styrene sulfonyl azide/acrylonitrile copolymers are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Acrylonitrile moieties in the copolymers can adsorb cupric ions and form SCNPs via the thermal decomposition of pendant sulfonyl azide and subsequent intramolecular cross-linking. Then L(+)-ascorbic acid sodium salt is used to reduce these cupric ions into cuprous nanoparticles in SCNPs. The mean diameter of composite SCNPs is in the range of 10–30 nm, in which cuprous moieties (diameter 5–10 nm) are implanted. The size of SCNPs has significant influences on the diameter of loaded cuprous moieties. It is indicated that these single-chain polymer nanoparticles carried cuprous exhibit better catalytic properties for the click reaction of alkyne and azide.

Further Discussion on the Significance of Quartic Autocatalysis on the Dynamics of Water Conveying 47 nm Alumina and 29 nm Cupric Nanoparticles

Improvement of product performance, efficiency, and reliability is a major concern of experts, scientists, and technologists dealing with the dynamics of water conveying nanoparticles on objects with nonuniform thickness either coated or sprayed with the catalyst. However, little is known on the significance of quartic autocatalysis as it affects the dynamics of water conveying alumina and cupric nanoparticles. In this study, comparative analysis between the dynamics of water conveying 29 nm CuO and 47 nm $$\hbox {Al}_2\hbox {O}_3$$ on an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution is modeled and presented. In the transport phenomena, migration of nanoparticles due to temperature gradient, the haphazard motion of nanoparticles, and diffusion of motile microorganisms were incorporated into the mathematical models. Due to the inherent nature of the thermophysical properties of the two nanofluids, viscosity, density, thermal radiation, and heat capacity of the two nanofluids were incorporated in the mathematical model. The nonlinear partial differential equations that model the transport phenomenon were transformed, non-dimensionalized and parameterized. The corresponding boundary value problems were converted to an initial value problem using the method of superposition and solved numerically. The concentration of the catalyst increases significantly with buoyancy at a larger magnitude of space-dependent internal heat source in the flow of 29 nm CuO–water nanofluid. Negligible migration of nanoparticles due to temperature gradient decreases the concentration of the fluid throughout the domain.

Evidence of Cu(I) Coupling with Creatinine Using Cuprous Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Polyacrylic Acid Gel-Cu(II) in Facilitating the Determination of Advanced Kidney Dysfunctions.

An electrochemical-based sensor created for creatinine detection has been developed for early point-of-care (POC) of diagnosis of renal illnesses. Useful information for the preventive diagnosis and clinical treatments of congenital disorders of creatinine mechanism, advanced liver and kidney diseases, and renal dysfunction can be obtained by the noninvasive evaluation of the creatinine levels in urine. The direct detection of creatinine can be achieved using the modified nanocomposite of cuprous nanoparticles encapsulated by polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel-Cu(II) fabricating on a screen-printed carbon electrode. Here, we report that the degree of kidney dysfunction failure can be determined by an amount of Cu(I) bound with the creatinine through the adsorptive mechanism on the modified electrode. Under cyclic voltammetry scans, the amount of creatinine was measured from the adsorptive signals of the redox peak current identifying the Cu(I)-creatinine complex with a natural logarithm of the creatinine concentration ranging from 200 μM to 100 mM. For this detection range, the theoretical calculation was postulated to describe experimental behaviors of the adsorptive mechanism as creatinine diffused to adsorb on the composite-modified electrode to reduce oxidized copper nanoparticles and transformed to Cu(II)-creatinine complexes. Interestingly, there was evidence that anodic peak potentials had been reduced in magnitudes and shifted negatively by natural logarithm during the formation of the Cu(I)-creatinine complex. For practical usage in POC technology, the creatinine detection in interference was carried out using differential pulse voltammetry to solely determine faradaic currents of creatinine-copper formation. With the interference of urea, glucose, ascorbic acid, glycine, and uric acid in artificial urine, the sensor showed promising results of the interference-free determination with 99.4% sensitivity efficiency, whereas for human urine interference, this sensor showed 85% sensitivity efficiency in detecting creatinine. This shows that this composite-modified sensor (PAA gel-Cu(II)/Cu2O NPs) has great potential for use in the next-generation devices for creatinine sensing to determine the progression in kidney dysfunctions.

Observing Growth and Dissolution of Cuprous By Liquid Cell TEM

Metal oxides has attracted great attention due to the widely applications, which are commonly used in semiconductor industry due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Also, it exhibits variety of structures. Among various metal oxides, cuprous (Cu2O, copper (I) oxide) is regarded as one of the most promising materials. It is cheap, earth-abundant, and nontoxic; therefore, it can be applied in catalysis, sensor, solar cell and p-type semiconductor. However, the redox reaction of cuprous is still uncertain, which strongly influent its size, morphology, and nanostructure. In this work, the growth and dissolution of cuprous were observed via in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study of cuprous nanoparticles formation, such as kinetics analysis, nucleation, growth, and reduction reaction in liquid phase can be achieved. In the cuprous growth, dendrite shape agglomeration dispersed everywhere inside the chip at the beginning. Few minutes later, the accumulation of copper ions resulted in a rapidly growth of cuprous nanostructures. The results indicated that the electron beam reduced the precursor which led the copper ions transfer into copper (I) oxide. Whereas in the cuprous dissolution, the cubic shape dissolved in specific {100} planes, and finally fully disappeared. The dissolution is resulted from the higher dose of electron exposure, the radiation-damage-caused vacancies accumulated and formed porous checkerboard-like nanostructure. The growth/dissolution results were systemically analyzed through the viewpoint of kinetics and dynamics. The direct observation of the dynamic process sheds light on the preparation of metal oxide by redox reaction method and extends the study of reaction kinetics. Figure 1

A novel one-step synthesis method for cuprous nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high catalytic activity

Cuprous nanoparticles (NPs) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by the room-temperature-ionic-liquid-assisted sputtering deposition. The obtained hybrids were systematically characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The supported Cu2O-MWCNTs hybrids were highly catalytically active for reduction of 4-nitrophenol with a degradation efficiency of 100% after reaction time of 12min, a high level competitive with the reported noble metal catalysts. It is significant for practical catalysis since the non-precious metal-based catalysts can be easily prepared by the present approach.

Fabrication of cuprous nanoparticles in MIL-101: an efficient adsorbent for the separation of olefin–paraffin mixtures

Cu+-doped MIL-101 was synthesized, and its application in the separation of olefin–paraffin was investigated for the first time.

Synthesis of High Concentration Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles by Modified Polyol Process

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles at high concentration (up to 0.3M) were successfully synthesized by modified polyol process. The redispersion stability could be controlled by optimizing various conditions like polymer concentration, temperature, reductant, and catalyst. Reductant and catalyst play a crucial rule in redispersion of cuprous nanoparticles. Under poor conditions, particles grow to larger sizes due to aggregation of nanoparticles. This modified polyol process allows monodispersed cuprous oxide to be obtained on gram scale in a single reaction and make possible a high synthetic yield of more than 80%.