Successful Culture Research Articles

Ease of market entry of Indian startups: formal and informal institutional influences

PurposeThe purpose of this study offers a theoretical model, hypotheses and empirical analyses of how formal and informal institutions influence the ease of market entry of startups in the context of India.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model based upon institutional and market entry theories is presented with hypotheses. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsResults of the study suggest that college preparations and a culture of creativity and innovation are positively related to ease of market entry by Indian startups. A culture of personal success is negatively related to ease of market entry. Government assistance related to ease of market entry is not significant.Originality/valueThis paper offers a new perspective, linking formal and informal institutional influences to startup ease of market entry. In addition, informal institutions are viewed from the cultures of personal success and creativity/innovation within the entrepreneurial domain, which is also new to the literature. This paper offers specific insights in the context of India startups and offers some interesting findings that can contribution to the literature, policy and practice.

A Service Dominant Logic 鈥? based Crisis Management: Collaborative, Dynamic, Iterative, and Holistic

Covid-19 pandemic has affected the world’s economy severely that businesses has been struggling to survive. Only if businesses, especially SMEs are more prepared to face the unprecedented, the impact might be damped into the lowest possible level. SDL-based crisis management offers enterprises, especially SMEs, a dynamic, iterative, and holistic approach to evaluate current crisis handling while planning for the next future. It emphasizes on collaboration between and among biotic entities e.g. stakeholder and abiotic entities e.g. technology and information. As a result, cognition, co-learning, continuous learning, and relevance of crisis management overtime could be achieved. © 2021, Success Culture Press. All rights reserved.

РОЛЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ РФ

This article discusses the current state and main trends in the development of innovative activities of the enterprise. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards the formation of divisions by enterprises in order to secure an innovative development as well as departments for the development of innovative projects and the creation of Lin laboratories. Implementation of such innovative projects and introduction of innovations in enterprises is the main factor of market competition. It is determined that the intensity of innovative developments and improving the quality of human resources increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise. Still a significant factor in the innovation activity of the enterprise is the proper need of the enterprise for innovations and the desire to implement them. It is worth focusing on organizational innovations in more detail, since that is the area where the largest decrease in the share of organizations by 0.6% in 2018 compared to 2015 is observed. It is exactly the type of innovations that affects the process of personnel management to a greater extent. Organizational innovations are subject to the fashion fluctuations, and companies are increasingly trying to implement the principles and methods of managing the turquoise organizations as innovative changes. A significant sign of the company’s innovative activity is the proper need of the company for innovations and the desire to implement them. The most common issues of innovative development of Russian enterprises are considered. For example, a key issue of implementing organizational innovations is the discrepancy between fashionable new trends and corporate culture. It is worth noting that at each stage of the company’s development, there is a change in the type of culture. In practice, Russian companies are at the stage of a culture of strength: few of them, while maintaining a culture of strength, have skipped the stage of rules and discipline and are implementing their activities with elements of a culture of success. Methods and tools of personnel management should be used taking into account the specifics of the type of culture in the enterprise. Examples of successful and unsuccessful implementation of innovations in the enterprise are given, taking into account the specifics of the type of culture, as well as the consequences of using these innovations. It is considered as completely unacceptable if an organization uses tools that are not appropriate for the next level of corporate culture, but for an even higher level. It is worth noting that the introduction of innovations is impossible without defining the strategy, goals and concept of development at the enterprise.

Древняя металлургия Восточного Синьцзяна

This paper examines the form and chemical composition of metal artifacts of three successive cultures of the Hami region. The metal artifacts of the Tianshanbeilu culture are rather diverse in both type and material; body ornaments are dominant, whereas tools and weapons are quantitatively modest. The typological composition and the predominance of body ornaments made of tin bronze, pure copper, and arsenic copper are reminiscent of the Karasuk culture in the Minusinsk Basin and the Siba culture in the Hexi Corridor. Apart from the bulk metal types, there are gold, lead, and antimonial copper. The metal artifacts of the succeeding culture of Yanbulake are morphologically derived from Tianshanbeilu. In the subsequent Heigouliang culture, apart from old types of metal artifacts inherited from the Yanbulake culture, there are a number of new types of artifacts that are morphologically derived from nomadic cultures in the Eurasian steppe. In the cultures of Yanbulake and Heigouliang, the use of tin bronze, arsenic copper, and pure copper prevailed. The source of minerals, especially tin, which is used throughout the three successive cultures, awaits further investigation. Keywords: Xinjiang, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, metallurgy, Eurasia

Figs S1-S3 & Tables S1-S2

Fig. S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: culturing history of the type and successful ex-type culture attempts (ATT 4) and a new isolate (ATT 1102) from the type location established approx. 30 years later. Both pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC) are shown with dates of establishment and voucher numbers for samples that yielded specimens for preservation in herbaria. Sun bags are item B7062, Sigma Aldrich (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com). Location of cultures: Forestry Commission Northern Research Station or other localities in UK; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL); Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). Gel refers to a small portion of substrate from a parent ROC, with a single spore, several spores, or root fragments (usually with attached mycelium).Fig. S2. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Rhizophagus species and isolates characterised for the SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA region, with Sclerocystis as outgroup. Bootstrap (BS) values below 60 % and BS values of terminal sister relations are not shown. “Rhizoglomus venetianum” (= R. irregularis) sequences are marked in red, sequence variants characterised in a Rhizophagus irregularis genome project are marked in blue. Sequences of Rhizophagus intraradices cultures derived from the ex-type culture FL 208, including the epitype (voucher W 5719 from MUCL 52327 = ATT 4-83), are shown in green and sequences of the new isolate collected from the type locality (MUCL 49410 = ATT 1102-12) in brown.Table S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: lengths and widths (µm) of extra- and intraradical spores from two strains, ATT 4 and ATT 1102 spores with inferential statistics (number of spores observed (n), minimum value (Min), first quartile of the data (Q1), median, third quartile of data (Q3), maximum value (Max), mean, standard deviation (SD) and % coefficient of variation (CV %)). Table S2. Rhizophagus intraradices: spore colours from two strains (ATT 4 – type and ex-type) and ATT 1102 (new culture from type locality) from pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC). Where possible, colours were matched with charts from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Munsell, or Methuen Handbook of Colour.

Teaching Military Cultural Competency to Clinicians and Clinical Students: Assessing Impact and Effectiveness

Military members, veterans, and their families belong to a unique American subculture. Studies have identified the need for mental health professionals to attain military cultural competency to practice more effectively within this subculture. As an 88-year-old counseling and training agency with a record of service to the military/veteran communities, it was appropriate that Council for Relationships commit to providing training in military culture for its therapists and students. From 2017 to 2019, the course highlighted in this paper was part of an approved Institutional Review Board (IRB) study intended to assess the success of graduate-level instructional activities focused on promoting participants’ military and veteran-related cultural competency. This article includes an evaluation of the 2013–14 four-day training on military culture that preceded the course. In both, the unique cultural factors associated with military and veteran service were addressed within the context of evidence-based behavioral health treatment. A survey of the four-day participant training and qualitative interview follow-ups revealed that information about the military and its impact on veterans and families promoted changes in attitudes, knowledge, and clinical practice for both experienced and newly trained clinicians. These findings were replicated in the three-year evaluation results. This assessment provides valuable insight about military culture training for practicing and future mental health clinicians. Since there is very little information available in the literature on successful military culture competency training, sharing these results with the broader military and academic communities will give others information on the important components of effective training programs for clinicians, thus, potentially improving therapeutic services to these populations.

ВЗАЄМОЗВ'ЯЗОК МІЖ КУЛЬТУРОЮ ПРАЦІ ТА ПОВЕДІНКОЮ НА РОБОТІ: КРОС-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The increase in the scale of economic activity in the process of expanded reproduction and development, the intensive use of factors of production lead to an exacerbation of not only socio-economic contradictions but also sharply raise the question of the need to solve the qualitative problems of economic growth. In order to form modern thinking as a prerequisite for the formation of a “road map” to ensure sustainable development, the authors revealed the nature of such a phenomenon today as the culture of labor. Which in the future allows to produce both new opportunities and new constraints and challenges in the field of social and labor development. The culture of work affects the general and individual economic behavior, for example, the propensity to entrepreneurship and willingness to delegate authority to subordinates. Trusting people are more likely to become entrepreneurs. At the same time, a high level of interpersonal trust increases their chances of being deceived, and a low level threatens to lose profits. Trusting business leaders give creative freedom to subordinates by delegating authority to them, while low-trust managers, on the other hand, try to keep power in their hands. As a result, there will be contradictions between formal, quantitative, and substantive indicators, spiritual motives and values, the inequality of the dominant parameters of the culture of labor in different sectors of the economy. That is why the study of the impact of cross-cultural aspects in management processes is becoming increasingly important. The article is devoted to the study of the system of influence of personal aspects of human development related to ethnicity, national culture, customs, traditions, etc., on behavior in a homogeneous environment. The mechanisms of formation of cross-cultural interaction of all participants of the management process are highlighted and the role of individual human characteristics in the process of economic activity is revealed. The necessity of introduction of measures of formation of successful organizational culture in the activity of subjects of managing is characterized.

Patient safety attitude and associated factors among nurses at Mansoura University Hospital: A cross sectional study

BackgroundPatient safety is a high priority for the healthcare system worldwide. It is considered an indicator of the quality of care. ObjectiveThis research assesses Egyptian nurses’ attitude to patient safety and the factors that affect their attitude. MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the staff information form and safety attitudes questionnaire. The study population was 350 nurses working in Mansoura University Hospital. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Chi squire test, and ANOVA tests using SPSS. ResultsNone of the six domains of safety attitude – job satisfaction, teamwork, safety climate, the perception of management, stress recognition, and working conditions – were awarded a positive mean score above 75. 51.4% of the nurses had a neutral attitude toward patient safety. The main associated factors were educational level, experience, and attending training courses related to patient safety, which had a high effect on nurses’ attitude (p-value < 0.01); age and marital status had a slight effect (p-value < 0.05), while gender and working unit had no significant relationship (p-value > 0.05). ConclusionsThe attitude of nurses towards patient safety at Mansoura University Hospital was neutral, and strongly associated with educational level, years of experience, and attending training courses on patient safety. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to develop strategies towards an increasingly successful patient safety culture.

Microorganisms Resistant to White Phosphorus

We present preliminary results on the successful culturing of different microbial taxonomic groups on media containing white phosphorus (P4) as the sole source of phosphorus. The increase in culture resistance resulting from targeted selection was demonstrated. The highest concentration of P4 used in the study exceeds the threshold limit concentration of P4 in wastewater mud by 5000 times. Putative metabolites of P4 were also investigated.&#x0D; Keywords: biodegradation; white phosphorus; Aspergillus niger; Streptomyces sp. A8

Growing cattle embryos beyond Day 8 – An investigation of media components

The growth of viable cattle embryos in culture to stages beyond the hatching blastocyst is of interest to developmental biologists wishing to understand developmental events beyond the first lineage decision, as well as for commercial applications, because a lengthening of the culturing time allows more time for diagnostic tests on biopsies, whereas extended survival can be used as a better assay system for monitoring developmental potential. We here report on a novel extended culture medium for embryo growth until embryonic day (Day) 12. We used a non-invasive morphological characterisation system that scored viability, inner cell mass (ICM) grade, hatching and embryo and ICM diameter. The basal medium was based on published uterine fluid concentrations of amino acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes. Addition of fetal bovine serum was necessary and the additive ITSX greatly improved culture success. We tested the inclusion of a seven-growth factor cocktail consisting of Activin A, Artemin, BMP4, EGF, FGF4, GM-CSF/CSF2 and LIF, as well as omission of individual components of the cocktail. In the context of the growth factor cocktail, Artemin and BMP4 provided the greatest benefit, while FGF omission had more positive than negative effects on embryo characteristics. Lastly, replacement of ITSX by B27-additive led to the most successful culture of embryos, in all media permutations.

Continuous biohydrogen production by a degenerated strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Degenerated strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum lack the ability to produce solvents and to sporulate, allowing the continuous production of hydrogen and organic acids. A degenerated strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum was obtained through successive batch cultures. Its kinetic characterization showed a similar specific growth rate than the wild type (0.25 h−1), a higher butyric acid production of 6.8 g·L−1 and no solvents production. A steady state was reached in a continuous culture at a dilution rate of 0.1 h−1, with a constant hydrogen production of 507 mL·h−1, corresponding to a volumetric rate of 6.10 L·L−1 d−1, and a yield of 2.39 mol of H2 per mole of glucose which represents 60% of the theoretical maximum yield. These results suggest that the degeneration is an interesting alternative for hydrogen production with this strain, obtaining a high hydrogen production in a continuous culture with cells in a permanent acidogenic state.

Fluroquinolone drug resistance among MDR-TB patients increases the risk of unfavourable interim microbiological treatment outcome: An observational study

ObjectivesSputum culture conversion at the end of the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment is a key predictor for successful treatment outcome. This observational study was undertaken to assess the interim microbiological outcome of a cohort of rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB patients with variable resistance to second-line drugs. MethodsDuring Jan–Apr 2018, we consecutively enrolled 100 RR-TB patients, who underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) to assess baseline resistance to second-line drugs. Following RR-TB diagnosis, these patients were started on MDR-TB treatment. After 6 months of treatment, sputum culture conversion status was determined. Data were analysed to assess the impact of resistance to second-line drugs on culture conversion. ResultsDST of 100 RR-TB patients showed a high resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs; levofloxacin 56%; moxifloxacin 44%) followed by kanamycin (8%) and capreomycin (6%). None of the patients were resistant to the other drugs tested (amikacin, clofazimine and linezolid). At 6-month treatment follow-up, 28 patients had been lost to follow-up and eight had died. Microbiological outcome was obtained from the remaining 64 patients, but successful culture conversion was achieved in only 62.5% of the patients. FQ resistance was found to be a strong predictor (P<0.001) for unfavourable microbiological outcome. ConclusionThe rate of FQ resistance in RR/MDR-TB is high and has strong association with unsuccessful interim microbiological outcome of conventional MDR-TB treatment.

Adapting Drosophila melanogaster Cell Lines to Serum-Free Culture Conditions.

Successful Drosophila cell culture relies on media containing xenogenic components such as fetal bovine serum to support continuous cell proliferation. Here, we report a serum-free culture condition that supports the growth and proliferation of Drosophila S2R+ and Kc167 cell lines. Importantly, the gradual adaptation of S2R+ and Kc167 cells to a media lacking serum was supported by supplementing the media with adult Drosophila soluble extract, commonly known as fly extract. The utility of these adapted cells lines is largely unchanged. The adapted cells exhibited robust proliferative capacity and a transfection efficiency that was comparable to control cells cultured in serum-containing media. Transcriptomic data indicated that the S2R+ cells cultured with fly extract retain their hemocyte-specific transcriptome profile, and there were no global changes in the transcriptional output of cell signaling pathways. Our metabolome studies indicate that there were very limited metabolic changes. In fact, the cells were likely experiencing less oxidative stress when cultured in the serum-free media supplemented with fly extract. Overall, the Drosophila cell culture conditions reported here consequently provide researchers with an alternative and physiologically relevant resource to address cell biological research questions.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРНО- ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНЫХ И СПОРТИВНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ КАК СРЕДСТВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Nowadays fitness and health and sport activities organized for co-workers are an important tool to create and strengthen corporate culture. However, ways to assess effectiveness of such activities are still poorly explored. As we can see from theoretical and applied researches by the article authors during planning and organization of corporate physical and sport activities, companies rarely try to generate metrics allowing to track effectiveness of those activities and adjust program for development of corporate culture. The article analyzes possibilities of sociometric procedure, Event ROI methodology, criterial approach to assessing effectiveness of fitness and sport activities, provided by the organization. The authors come to a conclusion that when implementing practices of corporate sport and fitness programs for co-workers it is necessary to develop metrics for effectiveness assessment, create a balanced system of metrics as a system for strategic management of employees’ health. It is claimed, that in order to create successful and strong corporate culture, the fitness and sport activities should be regular, they should have a systemic approach and provide a well-organized system for monitoring and management.

Evaluation of treatment response in active tuberculosis using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide and despite the progress recently made in TB control at a global level, the decline in its incidence is still slow. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the performance of new tools for monitoring of TB treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to tuberculosis treatment using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) kit. Blood samples of 100 patients with active TB were taken before treatment and after three months, if treatment was successful and sputum culture was negative. Whole blood was incubated in the presence or absence of the TB antigens, TB1 and TB2-specific antigens, and the production of IFN-γ was determined using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and statistical significance was assessed at a two-tailed P value of 0.05. The median values of IFN-γ released following stimulation with TB1 peptides decreased slightly after treatment (2.5 IU/mL (IQR: 0.9-5.3), compared to the baseline (3.4 IU/mL (IQR: 0.5-6.6)). Also, with respect to the TB1 antigen, 38 out of 45 patients were positive for the QFT test before treatment (84.4%) and 37 cases after treatment (82.2%). On the other hand, the median values of IFN-γ determined with the TB2 test declined marginally after treatment (2.7 IU/mL; IQR: 0.95-5.8), as compared to pretreatment (3.0 IU/mL; IQR: 0.7-8.9). Thirty-nine out of 45 patients (86.7%) before initiation of treatment and 37 cases following a 3-month treatment (82.2%) were had positive values. Moreover, the median values of IFN-γ of TB2 minus TB1 before and after treatment were 0.17 (IQR: 0-1.0) and 0.03 (IQR: 0.0.48), respectively; however, these differences were not significant (p value=0.29). Conclusion: The results of this study show no significant differences between the IFN-γ release in TB patients prior to and after treatment. However, more extensive studies are needed in different populations with higher sample sizes to validate these results.

Leadership at Godrej: a treasured heirloom transformed into a valuable brand

Purpose The purpose of this study is to bring out the success of the Godrej Group, focusing on their leadership styles and discussing how authentic and ethical leadership leads to value-based leadership (VBL), which has its eminence in the post-COVID-19 world. Design/methodology/approach The case study has been designed based on secondary published sources and few informal interactions with the leaders associated with the Godrej Group. Findings It was found that VBL is derived from authentic and ethical leadership and Adi Godrej, Chairman of Godrej Group, managed to sail through all these years successfully by adopting the authentic, ethical and VBL style, thereby transforming the family business into a global business and a valuable brand. Originality/value The case study is based on secondary published sources and informal interactions with the Godrejites. The different elements and eminence of authentic, ethical and VBL styles are explored. These values will play a significant role in the post-COVID-19 world. Value-based leader inculcates a clear, honest, empathetic and simple approach to employer–employee communication as the COVID-19 situation evolves. This case will therefore be of value to anyone using or considering a value-based approach to developing a successful leadership culture. These include Masters of Business Administration students, entrepreneurs, professional practitioners, etc.

Preclinical In Vitro Assessment of Submicron-Scale Laser Surface Texturing on Ti6Al4V.

Loosening of orthodontic and orthopedic implants is a critical and common clinical problem. To minimize the numbers of revision surgeries due to peri-implant inflammation or insufficient osseointegration, developments of new implant manufacturing strategies are indicated. Ultrafast laser surface texturing is a promising contact-free technology to modify the physicochemical properties of surfaces toward an anti-infectious functionalization. This work aims to texture Ti6Al4V surfaces with ultraviolet (UV) and green (GR) radiation for the manufacturing of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). The assessment of these surface modifications addresses key aspects of topography, morphology and chemical composition. Human primary mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were cultured on laser-textured and polished Ti6Al4V to characterize the surfaces in terms of their in vitro biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and metal release. The outcomes of the in vitro experiment show the successful culture of hMSCs on textured Ti6Al4V surfaces developed within this work. Cells cultured on LIPSS surfaces were not compromised in terms of their viability if compared to polished surfaces. Yet, the hMSC culture on UV-LIPSS show significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase and titanium release into the supernatant compared to polished. Thus, the presented surface modification can be a promising approach for future applications in orthodontics and orthopedics.

The Success Rate of Two Explant Types of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in Various Sterilant Formulas

This study aims to determine the effect of interaction between several sterilants and types of explants and determine the best interaction with stevia culture's success rate. This study was designed using a Factorial Complete Randomized Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is sterilant formulas i.e: fungicide 3% + alcohol 70% + Bayclin 5%; fungicide 3% + bactericide 6% + 70% alcohol + Bayclin 5%; sublimate 0.1% + 70% alcohol + Bayclin 5%; and fungicide 3% + bactericide 6% + sublimate 0.1% + alcohol 70% + Bayclin 5%. The second factor is explant types, i.e., stevia nodes and leaves. The variables observed are the percentage of contamination (%), percentage of alive explants (%), and browning percentage. The interaction between sterilants and explant types only had a significant effect on the percentage of alive explants. The best interactions of sterilant formulas and explant types on the percentage of alive explants are 0.1% sublimate + 70% alcohol + 5% Bayclin and leaf explants.

BRIDELIA SCANDENS WILD. A NEW SOURCE FOR PODOPHYLLOTOXIN PRODUCTION IN VITRO BY FEEDING CONIFERYL ALCOHOL

Objective: In the present study, a new method for the production of anticancerous compound podophyllotoxin (PTOX) was developed for Bridelia scandens Wild. by feeding coniferyl alcohol.&#x0D; Methods: The production of anticancerous compound PTOX through leaf explant derived calli of B. scandens. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) induced luxuriant mass of callus growth. Suspension culture was initiated by sterile MS media fortified with 0.1–1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1–1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. and growth product was analyzed by the high-pressure liquid chromatography method.&#x0D; Results: Phytochemical analysis of the B. scandens leaf and leaf calli showed the presence of PTOX at the concentrations of 0.69 and 1.81, respectively. The callus cell suspension was established with the same callogenic media also it is augmented with 10–70 mg/l of coniferyl alcohol to elicit the biosynthesis of PTOX. Successive cultures of the calli suspension yielded stable production of PTOX of 3.91 mg/g dry cell weight at 50 mg/l coniferyl alcohol in the media. The biosynthesis of PTOX was ideal when plant cells were cultivated in the dark with an agitation speed of 100 rpm.&#x0D; Conclusion: The growth and production of PTOX were found to be better with glucose than with sucrose as the medium carbon source. The harvesting of the secondary metabolite from the in vitro grown leaf calli of B. scandens is a better way to stop the exploitation of medicinal plants.

About success in education. Paradoxes, tensions, irreducible contradictions

Success holds a special place in the modern world. It is treated as one of the most and commonly desired goods. The desire for success is also related to the educators. In the article the author indicates sources, symptoms and consequences of this specific culture of success. and refers to various theoretical approaches to education, including to the discussion on its purposefulness. In this context, the author points to the immeasurability of education and, consequently, to the causes of the difficulties in defining what is educational success. The author also specifies suggestions that allow educators to cope with this indelible difficulty in determining success in education and indicates the directions of self-education activities.