Abstract
Objective: In the present study, a new method for the production of anticancerous compound podophyllotoxin (PTOX) was developed for Bridelia scandens Wild. by feeding coniferyl alcohol.
 Methods: The production of anticancerous compound PTOX through leaf explant derived calli of B. scandens. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) induced luxuriant mass of callus growth. Suspension culture was initiated by sterile MS media fortified with 0.1–1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1–1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. and growth product was analyzed by the high-pressure liquid chromatography method.
 Results: Phytochemical analysis of the B. scandens leaf and leaf calli showed the presence of PTOX at the concentrations of 0.69 and 1.81, respectively. The callus cell suspension was established with the same callogenic media also it is augmented with 10–70 mg/l of coniferyl alcohol to elicit the biosynthesis of PTOX. Successive cultures of the calli suspension yielded stable production of PTOX of 3.91 mg/g dry cell weight at 50 mg/l coniferyl alcohol in the media. The biosynthesis of PTOX was ideal when plant cells were cultivated in the dark with an agitation speed of 100 rpm.
 Conclusion: The growth and production of PTOX were found to be better with glucose than with sucrose as the medium carbon source. The harvesting of the secondary metabolite from the in vitro grown leaf calli of B. scandens is a better way to stop the exploitation of medicinal plants.
Highlights
Many clinically useful prescription drugs have originated from traditional medicinal plants
Since there are many traditional medicinal plants widely used by society, it is worth subjecting these plants to investigate for the discovery of drugs with anticipation of obtaining new bioactive substances [1]
The leaf explants of B. scandens proliferated into callus mass on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media fortified with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D subculturing of the calli on to the same media-induced luxuriant proliferation of the fleshy callus mass
Summary
Many clinically useful prescription drugs have originated from traditional medicinal plants. Since there are many traditional medicinal plants widely used by society, it is worth subjecting these plants to investigate for the discovery of drugs with anticipation of obtaining new bioactive substances [1]. The acquisition of secondary metabolites from natural or field-cultivated plants by extraction depends greatly on the growing environment, which significantly affects the quality and quantity of chemical compounds. The method allows the growth of plant materials that otherwise would be difficult to grow in nature because of geographic, climatic, or seasonal restrictions. The production of secondary metabolites can be manipulated in vitro, which can lead to overproduction of compounds of interest, or the production of chemicals not originally found in native plants [1]
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