Successful Culture Research Articles

Abstract 5123: Establishing circulating tumor cell-derived xenografts following a period of in vitro culture

Abstract Cancer metastasis—the spread of cancer cells from a primary node to a distant site—is responsible for as much as 90% of all cancer-associated deaths due to treatment resistance and increased tumor burden. Once established, metastatic nodules oftentimes exhibit distinct molecular phenotypes from their original primary tumor, undermining gold-standard methods for determining treatments for patients, which typically rely on molecular characterization of the primary tumor. Unfortunately, a lack of robust, scalable, and appropriate models for studying differences in patient-derived primary and metastatic tumors has hindered progress in identifying metastasis-specific therapies. Previously, we reported the ability to establish in vitro cultures of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a unique precursor population of cells that exhibits an ability to escape the primary tumor but not yet fully complete metastasis. We have since expanded the application of this GU-CTC platform to culture CTCs from the blood of patients diagnosed with a variety of metastatic cancers, resulting in the successful culture of 31 unique patient-derived CTC cell lines. Furthermore, following an initial short-term culture period, we also performed subcutaneous injection of mixed CTC cultures into immunocompromised mice, resulting in not only primary tumor formation, but also systemic metastatic nodule formation in as short as 3 months. These resulting CTC-derived xenografts (CDXs) have been demonstrated using metastatic pancreatic, colorectal, and lung adenocarcinoma-derived CTCs. Encouragingly, all CDX models also exhibited replicable metastatic patterns upon reimplantation, reinforcing the important role of CTCs as precursors to metastasis. Bulk RNA-sequencing of patient-matched whole blood, cultured CTCs, and CDX-derived primary tumor and metastatic tissues further identified enrichment of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as several cancer-specific gene signatures consistent with an invasive phenotype. This extended GU-CTC platform therefore enables not only the robust and rapid expansion of CTCs through both in vitro and in vivo methods, but also offers an avenue for personalized drug screens in the effort to target cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Jerry Xiao, Richard Schlegel, Seema Agarwal. Establishing circulating tumor cell-derived xenografts following a period of in vitro culture [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5123.

Captive Rearing of Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys: First Attempt of Weaning Cultured Juveniles to Dry Feed.

Simple SummaryLongfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys is an imperiled estuarine species in California, USA. A captive culture program is currently being developed; however, prior to this study, longfin smelt have only fed on live prey in the hatchery. Here, we report on our first successful attempt to wean cultured juveniles onto a dry commercial pellet feed. A subset of F1 fish was switched to a mixed diet of reduced Artemia and dry feed for 62 days, with growth, survival, and body condition compared between feeding treatments. Our results highlight that juvenile longfin smelt can utilize dry feeds while maintaining a healthy body condition.The rapid decline of longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys, a threatened euryhaline forage fish in California, is a serious concern for scientists and resource managers. To recover and conserve this species, a captive culture program was initiated, focusing on the collection, captive rearing and breeding of wild broodstock, and the rearing of their offspring. Although progress has been made in the collection of broodstock and the production and culturing of larvae, no studies have evaluated the rearing of juvenile life stages in captivity. The present study examines methodological considerations for culturing F1 juvenile longfin smelt, specifically, the first efforts toward weaning juveniles to a dry commercial pellet feed. Cultured juvenile longfin smelt were fed live Artemia only or co-fed Artemia and dry feed for 62 days, and the effects of feed type on juvenile survival, growth, body condition, and fatty acid profiles were examined. No significant differences were observed between feeding treatments, despite an 80% reduction in Artemia in the co-feeding treatment. Furthermore, examination of fish stomach contents at the end of the trial confirmed the transition to dry feed. This is the first study to indicate successful feeding by longfin smelt on dry commercial pellets, and suggests that juvenile longfin smelt can be fully weaned onto dry feeds. Results of this study are critical for closing the lifecycle of longfin smelt in captivity and developing a successful conservation culture program for this imperiled species.

Effect of Dietary Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on the Growth and Physiological Responses of Pearlspot Fingerlings, Etroplus suratensis

Background: Successful and sustainable culture of finfish and shellfish depends on the use of nutritionally balanced, low-cost and eco-friendly feeds. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on the growth and physiological responses of juvenile pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis. Methods: Fingerlings with an average initial body weight of 8.7±0.04 g were distributed to the 300 L FRP tank (n=30 pieces/tank). The pearl spot fingerlings were fed with isonitrogenous (25% Crude protein) feeds supplemented with methionine (1.8, 2.2 and 2.6 g/100 g of diet) and lysine (0.5, 0.9 and 1.3 g/100 g of diet). The growth performance and physiological response of the fishes were assessed. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 60 days. Result: The methionine supplemented diets at 2.2 g/100 g (T2) and Lysine supplemented diet at 0.9 g/100 g (T5) yielded the best results within the treated groups in terms of average body weight gain, FCR (feed conversion ratio), SGR (specific growth rate), PER (protein efficiency ratio) and FER (feed efficiency ratio). The maximum mean body weight gain recorded in methionine supplemented diet was 20.68±0.20 g in T2 and the maximum mean body weight gain recorded in lysine supplemented diet was 19.6±0.15 g in T5. The mean body weight gain in control was recorded as 12.12±0.20 g. The present study revealed that methionine incorporation at 2.2 g/100 g (T2) and lysine incorporation at 0.9 g/100 g (T5) resulted in better growth performance of the pearl spot Etroplus suratensis fingerlings. Results of challenge tests confirmed that V. anguillarum could act as a primary pathogen for pearlspot reared in freshwater. In the present study, the Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were also affected by dietary methionine and lysine supplementation and were found significantly (p less than 0 .05) higher in fish fed methionine at 2.2% and lysine at 0.9% of diet, indicating that dietary methionine and lysine supplementation activates immune response and promotes fish health. Second-order polynomial regression analysis of weight gain against dietary methionine and lysine levels indicated that the optimum dietary methionine and lysine requirement for maximum growth and feed utilization of pearlspot fingerlings was methionine at 2.2% and lysine at 0.9%.

Injury Characteristics, Infection and Resistance Pattern of Open Fracture Tibia in Tertiary Orthopaedic Centre

Background: Open fractures are a frequent occurrence in the in accident and emergency department that requires immediate care. As a pedal bone, the tibia is very prone to accidental injury, easily becomes bare following the trauma and very prone to infection. Updated knowledge about microbial aspects of open tibia fracture infection is essential for proper management. Objective: This study evaluated the injury characteristics and resistance patterns of microorganisms involved in the infection of open fracture tibia in a single-centred study. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on a total of 384 patients presented at the emergency department with open fractures of the tibia (all Gustilo types) from January 2020 to July 2020 at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangladesh. Three successive culture sensitivity tests were carried out-one at the emergency room (surveillance culture), 2nd at the emergency theatre after debridement and third at ward after 1 week (7 to 10 days). Results: Average age of the patients was 36.2± 15.5 years, with motor vehicle accidents being the predominant cause (72.9%). Gustilo III fractures were most prevalent (54.4%). The maximum infection rate was in Gustilo IIIB Fractures (40.4%). There was a significant difference in contamination rate between on admission culture (37.0%) and post debridement culture (26.3%). The infection rate from the ward samples was 44.5 %, where the postdebidement contamination was less only 26.3%. But from the ward sample, it again increased to 44.5%. Among the patient entering the ward after debridement with no contamination (73.7%) became infected in 34.62% cases, which indicates hospital-acquired infection. The bacterial resistance patterns from the ward samples were more virulent with multidrug resistance, predominantly Pseudomonas spp. and Kliebsiella spp. Conclusion: The present study provided insight into the injury characteristics and infection patterns of open fractures of the tibia. Early debridement reduced the contamination, but there was still hospital-acquired infection with more virulent multidrug resistance phenotypes. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 205-211

Successful Culture of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Over Time: A Continuous Supply of the Holoplanktonic Jellyfish for Research and Industrial Applications

The scyphozoan Pelagia noctiluca has potential value for research and a wide variety of industrial applications. However, its holoplanktonic life cycle makes it difficult to maintain a permanent stock in aquaculture, unlike the continuous supply of newly-released ephyrae from jellyfish species with a benthic life stage. We investigated optimal feeding conditions for the captive breeding of P. noctiluca, monitoring total body diameter, morphological development, survival rate, and instantaneous growth rate. Diets of different items encapsulated in gelatin or non-motile prey were not suitable for successful growth of the early stages (ephyra and metaephyra), whereas rotifers were a sufficient food source for healthy growth. Fertilized eggs from sexually-mature jellyfish were obtained at 84.5 ± 2.1 and 87.0 ± 9.9 days post-fecundation in the presence and absence of gelatinous prey (Aurelia sp.), respectively. In contrast with the general consensus, we demonstrate that the incorporation of medusivorous prey was not essential for proper growth and closure of P. noctiluca life cycle. Instead, we recommend the inclusion of white shrimps (Acetes sp.) for the formation and maturation of gonads and production of eggs. Instantaneous growth rates (57.0% d-1), the highest reported to date for this species in captive conditions, were higher during the early stages. A third generation of cultured P. noctiluca was obtained for the first time (169 – 179 experimental days), demonstrating the durability of the culture, providing permanent stock and halving the production time of mature individuals compared to previous studies. Finally, we validated the use of captive-bred specimens through quantification of the hemolytic area after the sting process using the tentacle skin blood agarose assay methodology.

Evaluation of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cell Niche – Implications on Obesity‐Induced Sympathoexcitation

The newly discovered hypothalamic neural stem cell niche is emerging as a key player in the regulation of systemic homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that inflammation‐associated degenerative processes in the hypothalamic neural stem cell niche impairs central regulation of metabolism and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome in obesity. In addition to energy homeostasis, hypothalamic nuclei specifically paraventricular nucleus, is a well‐known player in the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and in turn cardiovascular function. How obesity‐induced degeneration of neural stem cell niche affects sympathetic regulation of blood pressure is still not understood. In the present study, we aim to characterize the neural stem cell population from the hypothalamic niche. In this pilot study, 3‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice fed with standard diet were sacrificed and brains were collected for further processing. Hypothalami were freshly isolated and minced. After series of enzymatic dissociation, washing and filtration, NSCs were cultured. On 14th day of culturing, neurospheres were observed without any changes in their structural integrity. Neurosphere counts were recorded, and cells were collected for RNA extraction to perform RT‐PCR analysis for characterization. Our PCR analysis confirmed the expression of NSC markers like nestin, SOX1 and SOX2 suggesting successful isolation and culturing of NSCs in our lab. Earlier studies in our lab, suggest that HFD‐induced obesity causes cellular senescence in the PVN, a region adjacent to the neurogenic niche of hypothalamus. Senescent cells are known to impair the regenerative potential of stem cells by impairment of tissue microenvironment through their secretome. Having established these techniques, future studies will investigate the link between hypothalamic neurogenesis, senescence (in the PVN) and sympathoexcitation in obesity.

Cell Lines of Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is Known and What Needs to Be Resolved.

The importance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is well recognized. However, the biological characteristics of CTC in the bloodstream have not yet been examined in detail, due to the limited number of CTC cell lines currently available. Thirty-nine CTC cell lines were reported by 2021. For successful cell culturing, these CTC cell lines were reviewed. Previous studies on short-term cultures of CTC also analyzed approaches for establishing the long-term culture of CTC. Negative selection, hypoxic conditions, three-dimensional conditions, and careful management are preferable for the long-term culture of CTC. However, the establishment of CTC cell lines is dependent on the specific characteristics of each cell type. Therefore, a method to establish CTC cell lines has not yet been developed. Further efforts are needed to resolve this issue.

Are There Ovarian Responsive Indexes That Predict Cumulative Live Birth Rates in Women over 39 Years?

Objective: Ovarian response indexes have been proposed in assisted reproductive technology (ART) in order to optimize live birth rates (LBR), adjusting ovarian stimulation (OS), and minimizing risks. Gonadotropin doses are commonly adjusted according to ovarian reserve parameters, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The retrospective assessment of ovarian responses allows one to identify three primary indexes: (i) follicular output rate (FORT), the ratio of the number of pre-ovulatory follicles obtained at OS completion over AFC; (ii) follicle oocyte index (FOI), the ratio of oocytes retrieved over AFC; (iii) ovarian sensitivity index (OSI), the ratio of oocytes retrieved over the total gonadotropin dose administered. In recent publications, these indexes were reported to predict ART outcome. In the present study, we assessed the ability of these indexes to predict cumulative ART outcome in women ≥39 years. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study. All patients ≥39 years who performed their first ART cycle with an antagonist protocol in our center between 01/2018 and 04/2020 were included. Patients with basal FSH > 20 IU/l, AMH < 0.1 ng/mL and severe male factors (azoospermia with testicular biopsy) were excluded. All patients received both recombinant FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). Cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included: the number of MII oocytes, cumulative implantation (cIR), and usable blastulation rates. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the predictive values of FORT, FOI, and OSI in cLBR and embryo culture success. For each parameter, the ability of the logistic regression models to predict embryo culture success was quantified by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Only the significant findings related to FORT, FOI, and OSI were included in the multiple logistic regression model. Linear regression models were performed between cIR, cLB, FORT, FOI, and OSI. Each statistic model was adjusted for age. Concerning OR for OSI, values were multiplied *100 due to the very low value. Results: 429 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 298 obtained usable blastocysts after ART treatment. Age-adjusted OSI was significantly associated with cLBR [OR = 17.58 95% CI (5.48–56.40), AUC = 0.707 95% CI (0.651–0.758)) and cIR (beta = 30.22 (SE: 7.88), p < 0.001, R2= 0.060). Both FOI (OR = 6.33 95% CI (3.27–12.25), AUC = 0.725 95% CI (0.675–0.771), R2 = 0.090, p < 0.001) and OSI (OSI*100; OR = 1808.93 95% CI (159.24–19,335.13), AUC = 0.790 95% CI (0.747–0.833), R2 = 0.156, p < 0.001) were independently, when age adjusted, associated with embryo culture success. OSI showed a main performance to explain successful embryo culture than FOI (R2 = 0.156 vs. R2 = 0.090, p < 0.001). In the age-adjusted linear regression model, FOI (R2 = 0.159, p < 0.001), OSI (R2 = 0.606, p < 0.001), and FORT (r2 = 0.030, p < 0.001) were predictive of the number of MII oocytes collected. Furthermore, for OSI (r2 = 0.759, p < 0.001) and FOI (r2 = 0.297, p < 0.001), the correlation with the number of metaphase II oocytes collected was significantly higher in the non-linear regression model. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the best index, among those analyzed, to predict cIR and cLBR, is OSI. Both OSI and FOI predict embryo culture with success, but OSI is more accurate. OSI, FOI, and FORT are significantly related to the number of MII oocytes obtained.

Joint Research Mentoring Through the Community of Young Research Peers: A Case for a Unifying Model for Research Mentorship at Higher Learning Institutions.

BackgroundMentorship is pivotal for sustainability of a successful research culture at higher learning institutions. Various models have been proposed for provision of research mentorship in health sciences but are challenged by utilizing predominantly hierarchical mentoring, as well as being centred on one discipline or one institution. This paper describes the approach and successes of an inclusive mentorship model employed in a resource-limited setting in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThrough the NIH-funded Transforming Health Professions Education in Tanzania (THET) project, a consortium of three prominent health sciences higher learning institutions in Tanzania (MUHAS, CUHAS and KCMUCo) and two collaborating US institutions (UCSF and Duke University) was formed. Within THET, the Community of Young Research Peers (CYRP) was constituted, comprised two cohorts of undergraduate students and young faculty (fellows), and senior scientists. Besides mentorship and research training, fellows received funded research awards and in turn mentored undergraduate students.ResultsBy the first quarter of project year four, the number of fellows and mentored undergraduate students had increased from 12 to 24 and from 41 to 67, respectively. Fellows in the second cohort (junior fellows) included medical doctors, nurses, dentist, biomedical scientist, sociologist and education psychologist. In fostering peer-to-peer mentoring, the cross-institutional pairs of fellows from the first cohort (senior fellows) were assigned to reciprocal pairs of junior fellow mentees and took a leading role in research training. Furthermore, the senior fellows had made significant strides, including eight enrolled in PhD programmes, eight publications from mentored research projects, and six small to medium-size research grants won.ConclusionThe unifying model of research mentorship employed by the CYRP has been demonstrated as an effective model for joint research mentorship of the diverse group of young investigators from collaborating higher learning institutions in Tanzania. This model is recommended for scale-up, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK DI SMAN I SEUNAGAN NAGAN RAYA ACEH

ABSTRACT&#x0D; School culture is a tangible form of the implementation of religious character in schools. It was to familiarize the religious character of the learner. school culture can manifest itself through islamic values, character, activity and religious symbols combined with other educational components.The study to discover: the form of school cultural programs, the administration of school cultures and the impact of school culture's success in building religious character. Research use a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Data collection with observation, interviews and documentation. Analysis used reduction, verification, presentation. Research: school culture program to building the religious character of participants that is: Reading Yasin's surah in the morning, pray dhuha and dzuhur, commemorating day of Islam, the performance talent, the performance of school culture to building religious character through Islamic values, Islamic activities and Islamic symbols and the success of the school's implementation of religious character.

Investigate the Relationship between Corporate Entrepreneurship with Financial Performance in Pakistan: An Empirical Study

The main purpose of this research is to look into the link between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance in Pakistani manufacturing firms. Corporate entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular among huge corporations. The idea is employed in major corporations to stimulate innovation or to improve the company's performance. Existing companies' new ventures confront numerous obstacles, and data suggests that the majority of them fail. For large corporations, corporate entrepreneurship is very important. This is a quantitative study that used a questionnaire research methodology since it was deemed appropriate for this type of research.The respondents were chosen from the manufacturing sector of the Lahore Chamber of Commerce using simple random sampling. The study's target population was managers in Pakistan's manufacturing industry. This study employed a sample size of 307 people from a population of 10,000. The validity and reliability of the research instruments utilised in the study were tested in a pilot study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the study's findings (SPSS version 21). For assessing associations between variables, the researchers utilised the Pearson-Correlation Coefficient and the Multiple Linear Regression Model.The study established that corporate entrepreneurship dimensions (innovation, new business ventures, strategic renewal, pro-activeness, risk-taking, and autonomy) were found to have a statistically significant link with financial performance in the study. Strategic renewal and autonomy were also found to have a high relationship with financial performance in the study. According to the findings, corporate entrepreneurship features such as innovation, new business ventures, risk-taking, strategic renewal, pro-activeness, and autonomy have a favourable impact on manufacturing companies' financial performance in Pakistan.The report suggests that managers in Pakistan's manufacturing sector concentrate on corporate entrepreneurship characteristics. You'll need a goal and a plan if you want your corporate entrepreneurship attempts to succeed. Open to risk, encourage partnerships, create skills and expertise, offer management assistance, allow access to critical resources, maintain a supportive organisational structure, and set realistic performance targets are all characteristics of the most successful entrepreneurial cultures. For the best results, don't forget to analyse your entrepreneurial environment on a frequent basis.

Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells Can Be ExpandedSuccessfully from Primary Uveal Melanoma after Separation from Their TumorEnvironment.

PurposeTo evaluate whether expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be obtained from primary uveal melanoma (UM) for potential use as adjuvant treatment in patients at risk of developing metastatic disease.DesignExperimental research study.ParticipantsFreshly obtained primary UM from 30 patients.MethodsThree different methods were used to expand TILs: (1) direct culture from small fragments of fresh tumor tissue, (2) single-cell tissue preparation by enzymatic digestion and subsequent enrichment of mononuclear cells, and (3) selection of CD3+ T cells using magnetic beads. Surface expression of costimulatory and inhibitory T-cell markers and T-cell reactivity against autologous tumor cells was assessed. Clinical, histopathologic, genetic, and immunologic characteristics of the tumors were compared with the capacity to expand TILs and with their reactivity against autologous tumor cells.Main Outcome MeasuresThe feasibility of expanding TILs from primary UM, testing their reactivity to autologous UM cells, and evaluating the impact of an immunomodulatory environment.ResultsDirect culture of tumor parts led to successful TIL culture in 4 of 22 tumors (18%), enrichment of mononuclear cells gave rise to TILs in 5 of 12 tumors (42%), while preselection of CD3+ T cells with magnetic beads resulted in TIL expansion in 17 of 25 tumors (68%). In 8 of 17 tumors (47%), the TIL cultures comprised UM-reactive T cells. The presence of UM-reactive T cells among TILs was not related to clinical, histologic, genetic, or immunological tumor characteristics. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analysis showed that approximately half of the UM tumors displayed an increased expression of immunomodulatory molecules related to T-cell suppression, such as galectin 3, programmed death-ligand 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, and lymphocyte activating 3, potentially explaining why T cells require optimal removal of tumor components for expansion.ConclusionsThe need to separate TILs from their tumor microenvironment for their successful expansion and the presence of UM-reactive T cells among TILs suggests that these UM-reactive T cells are strongly suppressed in vivo and that UM is immunogenic. These findings indicate that adoptive TIL therapy could be an option as an adjuvant treatment in primary UM patients at high risk of developing metastatic disease.

Entrepreneurship dexterity and small business success culture in Nigeria

The study focuses on the effect of entrepreneurship dexterity on small business success culture in Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine the effect of entrepreneurship innovativeness on small business success culture, determine the effect of entrepreneurship creativity on small business success culture and determine how entrepreneurship risk-taking affect sme accomplishment. The population consists of 100 staff in the selected microfinance banks in three senatorial districts in Delta State. The findings of the study showed that entrepreneurship innovativeness has a significant effect on small business success cultures, entrepreneurship creativity has a significant effect on small business success culture, and entrepreneurship risk-taking has a significant effect on small business success culture. The study concluded that innovativeness influences small business success as innovation will enable the firm to improve on current lines of products, bring into the market new products and use better production techniques or equipment that will enhance productivity. The study recommended that innovativeness dexterities increase the likelihood that a firm will realize first-mover advantage and capitalize on emerging market opportunities and generate extraordinary economic performance.

Beatrice Mintz (1921-2022): an innovator in embryo research and cancer biology

Beatrice Mintz (1921-2022): an innovator in embryo research and cancer biology

Knowledge and Practices of Medical Officers on Medical Near Misses in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Sri Lanka

Background: Near misses are the most crucial and valuable elements in the prevention of potentially unintentional harm in patients service provision. Reporting incidents is an essential component in inculcating patient safety culture. In developed countries medical services are now focused on vigilance on such near misses. This paradigm shift of medical service provision paved the way for patient safety domain in medical service design. Patient safety has now become one of the six constituents of service quality. Continuous vigilance for possible near misses will disclose them beforehand. This will avoid triggering the chain reaction that bring about disastrous patient outcomes. Favorability of existing practices and knowledge on near misses are two key determinants of the successful safety culture initiatives.

Baseline sensitivity and resistance risk assessment of Stemphylium solani to fluxapyroxad

Fluxapyroxad, a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, can control plant pathogens on many crops. However, no data about the fungicidal activity of fluxapyroxad against Stemphylium solani and its resistance risk are available. In this study, the mycelial growth inhibition method was used to determine the sensitivity of 99 S. solani strains to fluxapyroxad. The EC50 values ranged from 0.0183 to 0.3017 μg/mL, with an average EC50 value of 0.0839 ± 0.0051 μg/mL. The results indicated that fluxapyroxad exhibited an excellent inhibitory efficacy against S. solani. Six resistant mutants were obtained by laboratory fungicide taming. The resistance ratio of each mutant was greater than 50 and the resistance of the mutants to fluxapyroxad was steadily inheritable through 10 successive culture transfers to fungicide-free PSA plates. We found that fluxapyroxad resistance not only affected mycelial growth in S. solani, but was also temperature dependent. Moreover, fluxapyroxad resistance caused markedly decreased virulence of S. solani on detached tomato leaves, indicating that the resistant mutants suffered a fitness penalty. Cross-resistance analysis showed that no cross-resistance was observed between fluxapyroxad and fludioxonil, iprodione, azoxystrobin or fluazinam, while a positive cross-resistance was observed between fluxapyroxad and pydiflumetofen. We concluded that the resistance of S. solani to fluxapyroxad was moderate risk. Therefore, fluxapyroxad is recommended as a potential candidate for controlling tomato gray leaf spot caused by S. solani.

Research on Teaching Evaluation System Based on Machine Learning

Teaching evaluation, as a written measure of teachers’ teaching work achievements, can motivate teachers to teach rigorously and work hard. However, the existing teaching evaluation system in China lacks sound standards and approaches. On the one hand, scientific research projects, funding, papers, etc. have become the criteria for measuring a teacher’s performance, and this situation has contributed to the culture of quick success; on the other hand, the current teaching evaluation system is based on indicators of teaching quality achievements or subjective judgments of experts and subject groups, and these evaluation methods can only respond to some teaching quality from a one-sided perspective and cannot make a comprehensive, systematic, and scientific. The analysis and judgment of teachers’ work cannot be made comprehensively, systematically, and scientifically. A good teaching evaluation system can not only help teachers distinguish the shortcomings of the current course teaching but also motivate them to make further efforts and devote themselves to the teaching tasks. In this paper, we hope to find a reasonable way to evaluate teachers’ teaching work based on the proportion of different indicators and different influencing factors from machine learning, in view of the current unscientific evaluation methods that differentiate teachers’ performance of various work indicators. Through experiments, it can be found that using gradient descent methods, we can obtain such a scientific model that can make a positive contribution to teaching evaluation.

Wisdom: Concept, Dimensions, Measurement

This study aimed to present the historical development of the concept of wisdom, through philosophical and psychological studies during successive civilizations and cultures. The study also focused on defining the conceptual framework for the proposed models of wisdom and methods of measuring them, and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these models while trying to present a newly developed proposal. The study used the descriptive and analytical method to address this issue. The study concluded that the topic of wisdom is complex and still needs more research. The study has also presented a new framework that has assumed some consensus among scholars in the field of wisdom studies, especially from the positive psychology perspective. Furthermore, the study classified the measures of wisdom into three categories according to specific theoretical frameworks and a comparison between them was made. There are prospects for future research on wisdom that can have a wide range of purposes and methods in investigating differences in the ways of defining and measuring wisdom, taking into consideration cultures and religions as well as the results of this study.

Wisdom: Concept, Dimensions, Measurement

This study aimed to present the historical development of the concept of wisdom, through philosophical and psychological studies during successive civilizations and cultures. The study also focused on defining the conceptual framework for the proposed models of wisdom and methods of measuring them, and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these models while trying to present a newly developed proposal. The study used the descriptive and analytical method to address this issue. The study concluded that the topic of wisdom is complex and still needs more research. The study has also presented a new framework that has assumed some consensus among scholars in the field of wisdom studies, especially from the positive psychology perspective. Furthermore, the study classified the measures of wisdom into three categories according to specific theoretical frameworks and a comparison between them was made. There are prospects for future research on wisdom that can have a wide range of purposes and methods in investigating differences in the ways of defining and measuring wisdom, taking into consideration cultures and religions as well as the results of this study.

Wisdom: Concept, Dimensions, Measurement

This study aimed to present the historical development of the concept of wisdom, through philosophical and psychological studies during successive civilizations and cultures. The study also focused on defining the conceptual framework for the proposed models of wisdom and methods of measuring them, and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these models while trying to present a newly developed proposal. The study used the descriptive and analytical method to address this issue. The study concluded that the topic of wisdom is complex and still needs more research. The study has also presented a new framework that has assumed some consensus among scholars in the field of wisdom studies, especially from the positive psychology perspective. Furthermore, the study classified the measures of wisdom into three categories according to specific theoretical frameworks and a comparison between them was made. There are prospects for future research on wisdom that can have a wide range of purposes and methods in investigating differences in the ways of defining and measuring wisdom, taking into consideration cultures and religions as well as the results of this study.