Cultural Archetypes Research Articles

ОБРАЗ ИДЕАЛЬНОГО БУДУЩЕГО: НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКИХ ГРАЖДАН О ВЛАСТИ

The study analyses citizens’ normative concepts of authorities. The concepts serve as reference for comparing real authorities with their ideal counterpart. Images of ideal authorities have a complicated psychological structure connected with archetypes of national political culture. This defined the set of research instruments that include: focused interviews, semantic differential method, projective methods (associative test, method of unfinished sentences, drawing test “Ideal Authorities”), and some others. The sample included 450 respondents from 20 regions. The study has shown the following. Besides immediate reactions to the authorities’ decisions and particular events, political behavior and mentality are also determined by deeper factors connected with ideal representations, values and archetypes that serve as references for citizens in their evaluation of real authorities. Images of the future play the role of an action acceptor preempting and tuning people’s behavior in the present. The absolute majority of the respondents (86%) believe that authorities are an intrinsic part of our social design. This does not mean that real authorities are so attractive for them. But in some ideal future the overwhelming majority (74.9%) evaluate authorities positively. The author’s data show that in recent years normative representations of authorities have essentially transformed in Russia. Citizens revised their expectations from authorities. On the unconscious level of authorities’ perception, the need for love, respect and care about people dominates over material needs. Lack of this need’s satisfaction causes the growth of political distrust, absenteeism and escapism. A number of archetypical representations in the images of ideal authorities have been revealed; these representations – of an integral, indivisible and sacred nature of authorities – constitute the core of Russian mass political mentality. The respondents do not share the idea of division of power into different branches or levels and their checks and balances. Executive power dominates the legislative and judicial ones not only in the present but also in the image of the future. Opposition seems to be equally incompatible with our tradition and is seen as artificial and “fake”. This attitude also concerns many other concepts of contemporary official political discourse. They are formally recognized but on unconscious level are called into question. New “democratic” norms and values constitute the peripheral part of political mentality. This layer of normative representations of authorities includes the ideas of power separation, the competition of elite groups and parties, the multiparty system etc. Thus, the structure of the images of authorities looks very heterogeneous and mosaic. Traditional representations and images dominate in it, but new ones have already penetrated mass mentality and gained a foothold in it though our citizens cannot understand why they need these images. These peripheral representations in the case of a crisis can be replaced by deeper and more authentic mental structures.

CULTURAL ASPECTS OF CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL TOLERANCE IN UNITED STATES, FRANCE AND ARMENIA

The purpose of the article is to show that the culture of a society is expressed in language in general and in political communication in particular. Therefore, it is possible to study the political discourse and identify the cultural symbols, archetypes and values that dominate in a given society. Using the examples of American, French and Armenian political discourse, we intend to show that in all three cases we are dealing with different cultural meanings and values. During the study, a comparative method and a content analysis method were used. The main conclusions are consistent with the assumptions. In American culture, political discourse expresses such a cultural phenomenon as the American dream, while in French political discourse the concepts of country, history and citizenship are central, and in traditional Armenian society, political discourse is focused on traditional values - homeland, family, morality.

Cultural phenomenon of the rhizome concept

The article examines the manifestations of the rhizome concept proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari in human narratives, using elements of the postmodern methodology with clarification of terminology tools. The research is carried out by the method of analysis and deconstruction of some cultural archetypes from the standpoint of relevance to the studied concept. The application of these methods to biblical archetypes, which have long influenced the way of thinking of mankind, will allow to analyze the ontological elements of individual ideological constructs, which are the base for the principles of liberal and conservative ideologies. The research is applied to the values called traditional but formed mainly in the XIX century, and their true relation to the deep cultural tradition of the Abrahamic religions. The analysis allows to identify the manipulation of elements of certain cultural and philosophical trends and assess their prospects, including the possible impact on global transformation processes in human culture.

처용무의 콘텐츠 활용양상 연구

Cheoyongmu is a traditional dance representing Korea, which is based on folk tale. In addition, it was derived from the Silla period through the Goryeo Dynasty and developed and changed into royal dance during the Joseon Dynasty.Cheoyongmu has changed with each period through long history and has been admired to the present.<BR> The primary objective of this study was to determine the different personality in each historical era of Cheoyongmu. It is necessary to examine and analyze the chronological situation. In addition, this study examines its value as content and the cultural archetypes inherent in Cheoyongmu to ensure proper transmission. Analyzing the Cheoyong Culture Festival and regular performances, Cheoyong, of the National Gugak Center in 2019 were the method of this study.<BR> The analysis of the changes in the era of Cheoyongmu is divided into the stages of formation, the background of the dance, the characteristics of the dance, the form of the dance, the functional elements, the place of the dance and the recorded documents. Cheoyongmu in Silla era can be seen as the birth of Cheoyongmu, and the background of Belief of dragon and Buddhist philosophy. It was also an active dance which had the functions of entertainment and play.<BR> Cheoyong Culture Festival which is the subject of Cheoyong and regular performances, Cheoyong, of the National Gugak Center in 2019. First, the Cheoyong Culture Festival is a regional cultural festival held in Ulsan City every September through October. The 2019 Ulsan Cheoyong Culture Festival was held at Dal-dong Cultural Park in Nam-gu, Ulsan from October 18 to 20. The festival had various programs such as street performances and competitions, and many programs for citizens to participate. However, due to the large venue, there were scattered people who visited and experienced. It was regrettable that various programs were arranged at the same time and same date, so that they could not participate in various programs.<BR> It would be more convenient if the arrangement of the program, the stage for the performances for citizens to watch, and the simple paths to participate, and the signs and more personnel for an event are improved.<BR> The main reason that Cheoyongmu has been handed down to the present is that the completeness of the work and the original elements existed. Although it changed in each period based on the shamanistic function, it is though that there could be current style because the original elements did not change at all.

Metaphysics and dialectics of the Third in the dialogue of cultures: axiological and psychoanalytic dimensions

The article analyzes the figure of the Third in the dialogue. The Third is interpreted through the prism of semiotics and comparative studies. Six models of the Third are used: positive ontological, positive dialectical idealistic, positive dialectical materialistic, negative-dialectical, negative ontology, ontology of surplus. In the ontological program of presence, the Third appears as an archetype of culture. In dialectics, the Third is the law of evolution. In negative psychoanalysis, the Third is a vacuum. In the negative dialectic of postmodernism, the Third is absent. In the ontology of surplus, the Third is considered as the second Other, a subject capable of moral choice and fidelity to the event. The Third, as an excess, combines the features of metaphysics and dialectics. It is a radical break and instantly changes hostile relations into friendly ones. It is also a synthesis, evolving from comparison to solidarity. The Third is universal and singular. It lies at the intersection of syntagm (cultural memory) and paradigm (individual creativity). Love is the most vivid manifestation of the Third. It is manifested in the epistles of Paul and in the works of universalists of the ХХth century. The author chooses the interpretation of the Third not just as love, but also as a comedy that perceives both the sacred and the profane equally sublimely. The Third provides dialogue as a conscious fusion of shortcomings in the Real. It contributes to the horizons of solidarity.

New socio-cultural reality of Ukraine and the world: Features and future prospects

The article describes the phenomenon of identity and its manifestations in a globalized world. It attempts to determine the features of the search for cultural archetypes in the context of the regional specifics of the world and Ukrainian realities in particular. The study emphasizes the deep role of culture in modern modernization processes. The main elements of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the coordinates of the new socio-cultural reality are analyzed. The role and importance of the ruling class in carrying out socio-cultural transformations are especially emphasized. Future positive changes in the country are possible on the basis of a deep and systematic study of the peculiarities of its mental traditions. Issues of identity become decisive. Socio-cultural reality of Ukraine seems to be a mosaic combination of different elements of its own and world civilization systems. It is time to consistently and purposefully bring order and sequence to all spheres of society. A significant role in this is played by the political elite, which should become the one in its professional and moral characteristics. The transition to a mature democracy is possible only on the basis of culture and responsibility.

Problems of identity and development of culture in the modernization processes of Ukraine and the world

The article describes the phenomenon of identity and its manifestations in a globalized world. An attempt is made to determine the peculiarities of search for cultural archetypes in the context of regional specifics of the world and Ukrainian realities in particular. The deep role of culture in modern modernization processes is pointed out. The main elements of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the coordinates of the new socio-cultural reality are analyzed. The aim is to analyze the main features of the manifestation of national identity in the globalized world and the role of culture in modern socio-cultural processes of Ukraine and the world. Among the tasks there is a description of the peculiarities of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the role of culture in modernization transformations.Research methodology. The authors used philosophical-theoretical, historical-comparative methods. Systematization of specific manifestations of cultural phenomena and analysis of elements of social reality were made.Results. The article analyzes the main forms of national identity and their manifestations in socio-cultural transformations in different countries. The peculiarities of the cultural level in carrying out democratic transformations are determined. An idea is proposed that the remote internal cause of sensitivity of the Ukrainian social life towards the various external influences is lack of systemic cultural imperialism, which could serve both as a shield for external influences and as a value axis to avoid a danger of internal centrifugal destruction. Novelty. An attempt is made to show the importance of cultural values and archetypes in the analysis of the preconditions and prospects for the modernization of modern socio-cultural space and the choice of effective activity strategies.The practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the analysis of leading trends in the global world and in solving specific regional problems.

“Comicocracy” as a Cultural and Political Reality

The article researches one of the distinctive trends of the world political situation: its implication in comic culture. Buffoon is symbolically perceived as one of the cultural archetypes of the humanity. The comedian’s public status has rapidly evolved from the humble caste in pre-modern society to the top of the political party in the post-modern society. Laughter is currently being heard not from the least privileged groups of population but from the political Olympus. Traditional politicians have been replaced by a new generation of figures who used to be involved in the show business, with a lack of experience in public management and the reliance only on the popularity of their television image. Laugh seems not to be able to create anything outside its own field of play; however, it can be used to destroy the opponent, which in its turn stimulates the development of the political buffoonery.The article is an attempt to analyze the situation related to the presidential election of the showman V. Zelensky in Ukraine. It has become possible considering the media mythology produced by the news outlet, response and approval from TV audience, which still includes the majority of the population, unlike Internet, cinema and theatre.Man of leisure seems to be beyond time in networks of archaic myth, consuming primitive products of mass culture, such as soap operas or television shows. Political talk shows, in particular, draw an audience of millions because they give an ordinary person a virtual opportunity to communicate with popular figures as well as an illusion of being involved in solving of publicly significant problems, yet politics is presented as entertainment.Manipulative technologies are successful because they take into account the “clip” consciousness as a product of the visual culture, which has superseded the culture of printed text with the developed linear type of consciousness.Therefore, the unconditional rightness of the so-called “majority” of any society is an illusion inspired primarily by the media that perform political orders on oligarchic channels, are preoccupied with their ratings and shake up society in order to achieve the required political resonance. On the contrary, real social development is not ensured by the masses, but by the accumulation of people with higher level of consciousness, namely an active “minority” that is ignored in times of aggressive populism. Manuscript received 15.03.2020

The impact of organizational culture archetypes on quality performance and total quality management: the role of employee engagement and individual values

PurposeThe relationship between organizational culture and total quality management (TQM) can be facilitated by the virtue of certain psychological states. Employee engagement refers to a mechanism foreseeable to predict the successful implementation of TQM. Therefore, this study focuses on the attribution theory to propose a model that presents a differential impact of organizational culture archetypes on quality performance and TQM, while underlying role of employee engagement and individual values.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was performed based on the data collected from 153 senior employees working in hotel companies. This study has used partial least squares path modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships and model proposed.FindingsThe findings have confirmed the hypotheses using PLS-SEM and provided a positive significant impact of organizational culture archetypes on employee engagement with quality initiatives; individual values on organizational cultural archetypes and employee engagement with quality initiatives on TQM implementation.Originality/valueThe study concluded that the impact of organizational culture on quality performance and TQM is significant. It is, therefore, suggested that management of hotel companies should work to increase the level of engagement, encourage cultures, while reducing the level of power culture with the emphasis given to individual and organizational quality initiatives.

The “Right” recipes for security culture: a competing values model perspective

PurposeThis study argues that the effect of perceived organizational culture on the formation of security-related subjective norms and the level of compliance pressure will vary based on how the employees perceive their organization's cultural values. These perceptions reflect on the assumptions and principles that organizations use to guide their security-related behaviors. To make these arguments, we adopt the competing values model (CVM), which is a model used to understand the range of organizational values and resulting cultural archetypes.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a survey of working professionals in the banking and higher education industries and used partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the data. In a series of post hoc analyses, we ran a set of multi-group analyses to compare the perceived organizational cultural effects between the working professionals in both industries.FindingsOur study reveals that perceived organizational cultures in favor of stability and control promoted more positive security-related behaviors. However, the different effects were more pronounced when comparing the effects between the working professionals in both industries.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few that examines which cultural archetypes are more effective at fostering positive security behaviors. These findings suggest that we should be cautious about generalizing the effects of organizational culture on security-related actions across different contexts and industries.

Re-inscribing the value of craft in times of dictated obsolescence

Abstract This article introduces a design research mediation project, Anti-amnesia, that explores various connotations of ‘wealth’ as embedded in the material culture and human narratives surrounding traditional crafts in Portugal. The project argues that ‘wealth’ is undergoing a process of signification that is semantically reductive, being brought to tacitly invoke monetary gain rather strictly, if on an underwritten basis, and this is bearing an adverse effect in terms of perceptions towards other consequential but intangible values related to craft practices. In this regard, it presents the case of traditional Azulejos tilemaking, a long-established cultural archetype in Portugal, whose original technique is on the brink of dissipation due to the emergence of newer manufacturing and architectural paradigms. The article respectively reviews the actions of a collaborative initiative Azulejos do Porto that is focusing on the craft’s reanimation through making creative connections between culture and community development. The article correspondingly presents a case for design research and pedagogy to establish long-term hands-on collaboration with such restorative initiatives that are oriented towards traditional making. The project conjectures that the resulting interknowledge can reveal complementarities between all stakeholders: which can be tactical towards addressing critical issues that are affecting traditional crafts’ relevance to contemporaneity; provide suitable conditions for an extended evaluation of crafts’ multifaceted nature in terms of value to culture and society and can connect newer generations of creatives to their making heritage, thereby ensuring a continuity of specialized know-how.

Christian sacred symbols in the spatio-temporal continuum of poetic language of a Ukrainian writer Yuriy Andrukhovych

This article explores the linguistic worldview of a Ukrainian poet – postmodernist Yuriy Andrukhovytch – realized through the concept of “Christian sacred symbols” analyzed from the perspective of anthropological and cognitive aspects of lingual and cultural studies. It defines the essence and the ways of implementing the concept in the spatio-temporal continuum of poetry collection “India” as well as highlights the role of man in the poet’s imaginary world through the archetypes of the world culture and decodes symbolic meaning of cultural context of the author’s works. Contrary to a generally accepted view that the earth is round, spatial reality for the author turns out to be a planet which resembles a cake, a fl at surface, a desert, a kingdom and a bridge. The sky is seven crystal hemispheres, out lining the heavenly space with stars and planets fixed at each level. The space is represented by such geographical notions as East Asia, India, China, the river Nile. The author of the article supposes that India becomes for the writer the embodiment of our civilization at all times of mankind, another way to present man in the space of eternity, and a kind of life philosophy. The synthesis of pagan, Jewish, Hindu, Muslim and Christian ideas about man’s place in the world and his moral peace, happiness and overall love is represented by such symbols as angels, harpes, gehennr hell hrifony, dragons, percale books, lilies, honey, pythons, fl ags, birds, reptiles, saints, timpani, newts, tulips, furies, devils, Yuri’s sword, Yasmin and others.

USSR: creation and collapse of the empire in the context of «risk society»

The article identifies and analyzes the risk factors associated with the formation and collapse of the USSR as a recreation of the Imperial political and legal space, a type of national and supranational socio-political and legal identity. The authors consider the various processes of integration and disintegration of state actors in the context of the risk society paradigm, recognizing its methodological foundations. Both the emergence and collapse of the USSR are responses to the escalating risks and crises of the Russian political and legal systems, and a way out. When considering such problems, it is impossible to eliminate mental and cultural archetypes, historic state and legal experience, and the place and role of personality in history, especially within the nations contradictory history. In this regard, the article analyzes the positions of leadership of the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR in the matter of national legal policy that influenced the collapse of the USSR.

Knowledge Capital Accumulations and Employee Involvement Work Systems—Does Workplace Culture Have a Role?

Knowledge capital accumulations are impacted by a variety of workplace factors, including the human resource management work system and the workgroup culture in which it is embedded. Organizations adopting high-involvement work systems stressing employee participation, empowerment, commitment, and accountability have the potential to produce, and to be a beneficiary of, greater stores of employee intellectual capital. The role of workplace culture in this relationship is potentially salient but its operational characteristics require further elucidation. Using a competing values framework to characterize workplace culture, four culture archetypes can be specified: hierarchical, market, entrepreneurial, and clan. Results from step-wise regression analysis show that the four workplace culture archetypes contribute differentially to intellectual capital stores, yet only the clan and entrepreneurial culture archetypes partially mediates this relationship.

Культура України неолітичного часу та її особливості на Волині

The aim of this paper is to consider ethnocultural processes, economic and natural factors that influenced changes in the worldviews of the Neolithic population of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. It also describes the development dynamics of material and spiritual culture of the linear-ribbon ceramics tribes on the territory of Volyn and the forms of its interaction with adjacent cultural areas. Research methodology. The author makes an attempt to systematize and interpret the available archaeological, scientific sources on the chosen theme on the basis of a comprehensive analysis, comparison, historical interaction, the analysis of general trends and features of Neolithic forms of ancient culture. Results . In the Neolithic period on the territory of Central and South-Eastern Europe several ethnic massifs interacted, which had their own ideological and cultural features: the ancient European Balkan-Danube-Carpathian community of the painted ceramics zone, North Black Sea-Caspian, which is characterized by rope-like ornament of dishes. Along with them, the culture of linear-ribbon ceramics spreads in Volyn, which interacts with the Volyn Neolithic culture and local communities of Northern Polissya. The cultural development of Ukrainian lands and Volyn in particular was part of the cultural and economic changes of the European continent at that time. Proofs of this are the ornamental schemes of ceramics, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic products, forms of jewelry and burials. Novelty . New archeological sources from the museum funds of Kyiv, Lviv, Lutsk have been involved. Neolithic cultures of Volyn and Ukraine are considered in the context of European ethnocultural changes of that time. The practical significance. The obtained results will contribute to a better understanding of the origins of cultural archetypes of European and Ukrainian peoples. They can be used to optimize the processes of European integration and cultural enrichment of peoples.

Конструювання політичних партій нового покоління (Constructing New-Generation Political Parties)

Конструювання політичних партій нового покоління (Constructing New-Generation Political Parties)

Narciso nel Quattrocento: percezione, conoscenza, arte

The Western cultural archetype of Narcissus experiences a significant turning point in the 1400s, thanks to Leon Battista Alberti’s work. Indeed, the myth evolves from being a subject embodying a taboo in the Antiquity to become the glance that generates the image; in so doing this myth assumes the rank of science and philosophy. Alberti does not follow Pliny’s reading of Ovid’s Metamorphosis, but handles Philostratus’s version; with his visual description he represents in the “Eikones” the darting glance towards the water. The rendering of this image anticipates the notion of centric ray, on which Alberti establishes his perspective’s theory based on the diaphanous nature of “velum”. The art of painting is compared to an “open vitreous and translucent window”. Narcissus does not see the water, so to say, but the image, as well as the painting’s observer instantly grasps the iconic value of it, rather than the material support. Because of this immediacy, the art of painting becomes the terrain of revelation: it makes clear the emerging progressive visibility of “something”, thus concurring with philosophy; better, the art of painting overtakes philosophy with the simple representation of polysemous complexities. This is the new art of painting, in which “there is nothing that is not philosophy”. Furthermore, in this synthetic role of representation in which the icon becomes all one with the spectator – in addition to the centric ray and to the orthogonality of the vision, topics already analyzed by the author in previous studies – consists an outstanding resemblance between Alberti and Cusanus. The two philosophers show their synergy in exploring a new anthropology. From this point of view can be read Alberti’s explanation, often misinterpreted, of Narcissus’ transformation into a flower: a synthesis between “imaginatio” and “executio”, or inactiveness versus activeness. Among all Narcissus’ portrayals of that time, it would be useful to consider the Pseudo Boltraffio’s version of London; this rendering applies thematically Alberti’s theory in its essential aspects, introducing it within Leonardo Da Vinci’s circle of artists.

The Development of Australian Culture in the XX Century: Australian Film Industry

This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary investigation of the history of Australian film development in the XX-th century in the context of Australian culture. Analysing films in historical order the peculiarities of each decade are taken into consideration. The periods of silent films, sound films and colour films are analysed. The best film productions, their film directors and prominent actors are outlined. Special attention is paid to the development of feature films and documentaries.&#x0D; The article concentrates on the development of different film genres beginning with national historical drama, films of the first pioneers’ survival, adventure films. It is shown how they contribute to the embodiment in films of the main archetypes of Australian culture, the development of Australian identity. After World War I and World War II war films appear to commemorate the courage of the Australian soldiers in the war fields. Later on the destiny of the Australian women white settlers’ wives or native Australians inspired film directors to make them the chief heroines of their movies.&#x0D; A comparative analysis of films and literary primary sources underlying their scripts is carried out. It is concluded that the Australian directors selected the best examples of Australian national poetry and prose, which reveal the historical and social, cultural and racial problems of the country's development during the twentieth century.&#x0D; The publication dwells on boom and bust periods of Australian film making. The governmental policy in this sphere is analysed. Different schemes of film production and distribution are outlined to make national film industry compatible with the other film industries of the world, especially with the Hollywood. The area of a new discipline - Australian Film Studios - is studied as well as the works of Australian scholars. It is clarified in what Australian universities this discipline is taught. It is assumed that the experience of Australia in this sphere should be taken by Ukraine.

Ценностные архетипы русского народа

The paper considers the formation conditions and the specificity of manifestation of cultural archetypes of the Russian people and their influence on the current reality. The author highlights the national features, the essential values, and problem areas of the cultural archetypes. The emphasis is placed on logocentrism as an archetypal trait, understood as a desire for the essential, authentic, and sacral. This concept reveals such basic values as the desire for truth and justice, the idea of messianism and salvation. It is noted that such archetypal landmarks form one of the most important contradictions of the Russian mentality – the dominance of internal over external. The research methodology includes the historical and sociocultural approaches. There are also applied the methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization, comparison, and systematization.

Визуальная репрезентация образа «счастье» как способ исследования социокультурного архетипа

Концепт «счастье» трактуется индивидуально каждым человеком, но в то же время является культурно обусловленным и имеет признаки социокультурного архетипа. Новизна исследования состоит в попытке сопоставить вербализированные результаты опросов респондентов на тему «счастье» с его визуальными репрезентациями на основе феноменологического, социокультурного, лингвокультурного и лингвокогнитивного подходов. Использование принципа дополнительности показало, что полученная на основе типологизации изображений информация и вербализация концепта «счастье» не противоречат друг другу. Вербализируемый, как и изображаемый концепт, становясь частью семантического пространства индивида, отражает его гендерные, этнические, социально-психологические особенности.&#x0D; Использование проективных методов исследования позволяет обойти ограниченность вербальной системы, выявляя смыслы, переживаемые респондентами на уровне пред- и подсознания (особенно это становится актуальным в условиях полиэтничного сообщества). Данная методика ориентирована на изучение скрытых от осознания слоев информации, относящейся как к универсальным культурным архетипам, выступающим в качестве спонтанно действующих устойчивых структур обработки, хранения и репрезентации коллективного опыта, так и к зависящим от гендерных, этнических, аксиологических и психологических особенностей личности. Интерпретация визуальных изображений позволила дифференцировать социокультурные характеристики феномена «счастье», обусловленные индивидуально-психологическими особенностями и ценностно-смысловыми ориентациями личности.&#x0D; Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18-011-00223 «Влияние лингвокультурной специфики среды на формирование установок молодежи в межэтнических отношениях»).