Metaphysics and dialectics of the Third in the dialogue of cultures: axiological and psychoanalytic dimensions

Abstract

The article analyzes the figure of the Third in the dialogue. The Third is interpreted through the prism of semiotics and comparative studies. Six models of the Third are used: positive ontological, positive dialectical idealistic, positive dialectical materialistic, negative-dialectical, negative ontology, ontology of surplus. In the ontological program of presence, the Third appears as an archetype of culture. In dialectics, the Third is the law of evolution. In negative psychoanalysis, the Third is a vacuum. In the negative dialectic of postmodernism, the Third is absent. In the ontology of surplus, the Third is considered as the second Other, a subject capable of moral choice and fidelity to the event. The Third, as an excess, combines the features of metaphysics and dialectics. It is a radical break and instantly changes hostile relations into friendly ones. It is also a synthesis, evolving from comparison to solidarity. The Third is universal and singular. It lies at the intersection of syntagm (cultural memory) and paradigm (individual creativity). Love is the most vivid manifestation of the Third. It is manifested in the epistles of Paul and in the works of universalists of the ХХth century. The author chooses the interpretation of the Third not just as love, but also as a comedy that perceives both the sacred and the profane equally sublimely. The Third provides dialogue as a conscious fusion of shortcomings in the Real. It contributes to the horizons of solidarity.