Crystal Stability Research Articles

Stabilized Li-rich Mn-based oxide cathode particles with an artificial surface in-Situ-preprocessing

The heavy hybrid anion and cation redox contributes to high discharge capacity for Li-rich Mn-based cathode material, but also raises a number of issues including the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), rapid attenuation of capacity and voltage and so on, which have prevented its commercialization for more than a decade. Herein, solid-liquid impregnating is conducted to in-situ-build an artificial surface for Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 (FLLO) particles, which concurrently constructed a anion-redox-free LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LNMO) shell during FLLO synthesis process that completely encloses the FLLO lattice (A-2%-LNMO-FLLO), presents as solid solution structure between FLLO and LNMO coating interface and exhibits stronger bonding between coatings and FLLO cathode material. DSC, TEM and industry computed tomography (ICT) evidence that LNMO coatings is effectiveness in stabilizing the crystal structure of FLLO from macro and micro aspects, leading to the excellent electrochemical properties, such as A-2%-LNMO-FLLO exhibits a discharge capacity of 278mAh/g under 0.1C, and the capacity retention is 98.5 % after 200 cycles under 1C. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism on electrochemical properties is investigated from aspects of reaction process and crystal structure stability. This paper can provide a theoretical and experimental support for the practical application of FLLO cathode material.

High polarization stability induced by light-activated defect engineering in ferroelectric single crystals

Ferroelectric crystals possess good physical properties, which endow them with great potential in photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and electro-optic applications. The polarization stability of ferroelectric crystals is crucial for device applications, because their performance mostly relies on the engineering of domain structures. In this paper, we show that the polarization stability can be improved through light illumination during poling; the obtained Mn and Fe-doped KTa1-xNbxO3 (Mn&Fe: KTN) single crystals maintained stable single-domain state and excellent electro-optic properties over a 1-year observation period. We propose a possible mechanism for the improved polarization stability through light-activated defect engineering, and also investigate the effect of light illumination on defect states in KTN crystals. Appropriate ions doping and light activation effect are shown to be the effective method for achieving high polarization stability after electric field poling. The light-activated defect engineering promotes the stabilization of polarization structures, which is beneficial for the development of high-performance applications based on ferroelectric crystals.

Strategic Atomic Interaction Modification for Highly Durable Inorganic Solid Electrolytes in Advanced All‐Solid‐State Li‐Metal Batteries

All‐solid‐state Li‐metal battery (ASSLB) represents advantageous energy storage system for automotive applications. For ASSLB, inorganic solid electrolyte is essential in determining safety and cycling performance. However, significant challenges persist in practical construction of ASSLB with optimized electrolyte. Specifically, electrolyte's structural instability influencing its electrochemical performance remains critical issue within typical operating temperatures for ASSLB in electric vehicles. Herein, this challenge is fundamentally addressed by substituting trace amount of lithium with cadmium, which lacks crystal field stabilization energy. This strategy of atomic interaction modification has induced electrolyte's structural distortion and electronic alteration by deliberately introducing disorder at local lithium sites. Li symmetric cell with cadmium‐substituted antiperovskite solid electrolyte exhibits outstanding critical current density of 11.5 mA cm−2 (5.75 mAh cm−2) and excellent stability for 3000 h at 10.0 mA cm−2 (5.0 mAh cm−2). This study highlights explicit research direction for breakthrough of ASSLB, focusing on understanding how local distortion affects complex inorganic materials.

High Stability and Corrosion-Resistant Gas of Recyclable and Versatile Manganese-Doped Lead-Free Double Perovskite Crystals toward Novel Functional Fabric and Photoelectric Device.

Lead-free halide perovskites possess excellent photoelectric properties, making them widely used in the photoelectric fields. Herein, lead-free double perovskite crystals (PCs) doped with manganese (Cs2NaInCl6:Mn2+) are successfully prepared by the more energy-efficient crystallization method. The crystals emit bright orange-red light under the ultraviolet (UV) lamp, showing unique optical properties. They have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 42.91%. The white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated using these perovskite crystals, which show a color rendering index of 92 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 16.3%. Furtherly, perovskite-modified fiber paper made of aramid chopped fibers (ACFs) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) exhibited fluorescent properties under different conditions. This paper combines fiber composite technology with PPS fiber filter bags, which are widely used in environmental protection, for the first time and demonstrates functional fiber filter bags with fluorescent characteristics. This filter bag provides an idea for the automatic detection of industrial filtration. Meanwhile, after being exposed to industrial waste gas for 60h, the filter bag can maintain superior fluorescence performance. In this study, lead-free double perovskites are synthesized using an efficient method for preparing high-performance LEDs and high-stability fluorescent fibers. Concurrently, the application of perovskites in environmental protection is expanded.

Multiphase riveting structure constructed by slight molybdenum for enhanced P3/O3 layer-structured oxide cathode material

Phase engineering has been efficiently employed to improve the performance of transition metal oxide cathode materials by alleviating the Jahn-Teller effects and optimizing the ions diffusion pathway. The second-order Jahn-Teller effects by slight molybdenum substitution was confirmed to activate a new phase formation and to construct a multiphase riveting structure. A P3/O3 riveting-structured NaNi0.3Mn0.52Mo0.03Cu0.1Ti0.05O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized for sodium ion batteries, which undergoes a reversible phase transition from P3/O3 → P3 → Hex.O3′ when charged to 4.25 V and most of the materials will transform into P3 phase after the first charge–discharge cycle. Due to the high reversibility and crystal structure stability, it indicates 155.0 mAh g−1 discharge capacity with a high up to 99.65 % initial Coulomb efficiency. This P3/O3 riveting structure can alleviate the rigid failure caused by phase transition. Meanwhile, O3/P3 phases provide the main storage sites for Na+ as skeletons and the existence of P3 phase provides a better diffusion pathway for ion transport.

Thermodynamic stability and vibrational properties of multi-alkali antimonides

Modern advances in generating ultrabright electron beams have unlocked unprecedented experimental advances based on synchrotron radiation. Current challenges lie in improving the quality of electron sources with novel photocathode materials such as alkali-based semiconductors. To unleash their potential, a detailed characterization and prediction of their fundamental properties is essential. In this work, we employ density functional theory combined with machine learning techniques integrated into the hiphive package to probe the thermodynamic stability of various alkali antimonide crystals, emphasizing the role of the approximations taken for the exchange-correlation potential. Our results reveal that the SCAN functional offers an optimal trade-off between accuracy and computational costs to describe the vibrational properties of these materials. Furthermore, it is found that systems with a higher concentration of Cs atoms exhibit enhanced anharmonicities, which are accurately predicted and characterized with the employed methodology.

Enabling High Capacity and Stable Sodium Capture in Simulated Saltwater by Highly Crystalline Prussian Blue Analogues Cathode

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered as promising cathode materials for capacitive deionization (CDI) technology due to their 3D open‐frame structure and tunable redox active sites. However, the inevitably high content of [Fe(CN)6] vacancies in the crystal structure results in a low salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and poor recycling performance. Herein, a high‐salt nano‐reaction system is established by mechanochemical ball milling, enabling the preparation of a variety of highly crystallized PBAs (metal hexacyanoferrate, MHCF‐B‐170, M = Ni, Co, or Cu) with low vacancies (0.05–0.06 per formula unit). The reduction of vacancies in the PBAs lattice not only strengthens the conductivity and promotes the rapid transfer of electrons, but also reduces the migration energy barrier and accelerates the fast and reversible diffusion of Na+ ions. The structural characterization method and theoretical simulation demonstrates the excellent reversibility and crystal structure stability of MHCF‐B‐170 during the CDI process. Impressively, the NiHCF‐B‐170 exhibits excellent CDI performance, characterized by an exceptionally high SAC of up to 101.4 mg g−1 at 1.2 V, and demonstrates remarkable cycle stability with no significant degradation observed even after 100 cycles. This PBAs with low Fe(CN)6 vacancies are expected to be a competitive candidate material for CDI electrodes.

Bridging scales with Machine Learning: From first principles statistical mechanics to continuum phase field computations to study order–disorder transitions in Li[formula omitted]CoO[formula omitted]

LixTMO2 (TM=Ni, Co, Mn) forms an important family of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, whose performance is strongly governed by Li composition-dependent crystal structure and phase stability. Here, we use LixCoO2 (LCO) as a model system to benchmark a machine learning-enabled framework for bridging scales in materials physics. We focus on two scales: (a) assemblies of thousands of atoms described by density functional theory-informed statistical mechanics, and (b) continuum phase field models to study the dynamics of order–disorder transitions in LCO. Central to the scale bridging is the rigorous, quantitatively accurate, representation of the free energy density and chemical potentials of this material system by coarse-graining formation energies for specific atomic configurations. We develop active learning workflows to train recently developed integrable deep neural networks for such high-dimensional free energy density and chemical potential functions. The resulting, first principles-informed, machine learning-enabled, phase-field computations allow us to study LCO cathodes’ order–disorder transitions in terms of temperature, microstructure, and charge cycling. We highlight several insights gained to the dynamics of the phase transitions, and that have been made possible by the quantitatively rigorous scale bridging. To the best of our knowledge, such a scale bridging framework has not been previously demonstrated for LCO, or for materials systems of comparable technological interest. This approach can be expanded to other materials systems and can incorporate additional physics to that studied here.

Pseudo-twin boundary improves flow stress and cyclic stability of TiAl single crystal

Polysynthetically twinned (PST) TiAl single crystal with lamellar structures exhibits great mechanical properties at room temperature. Therein twin boundaries (TBs) are important for achieving optimized ductile and fatigue performance of PST TiAl, but their role and the associated mechanism are elusive. Herein, we decipher the role of true TB (TTB) and pseudo TB (PTB) by a combined atomistic simulation and mesoscopic modeling, and find that PTB could remarkably improve room-temperature flow stress and cyclic stability of TiAl single crystal. It is revealed that dislocations pile up at PTB while unobstructedly traverse TTB. The emergency of back stress and the movement of dislocations along PTB contribute to the strengthening mechanism. The flow stress of TiAl single crystal with PTB is 34% higher than that with TTB. It is further found that as the twin thickness decreases, the flow stress of TiAl single crystal with TTB initially increases and then decreases (i.e., inverse Hall–Petch like behavior), whereas that with PTB always increases owing to the extra back stress and interfacial stress (i.e., Hall–Petch like behavior). Atomistic-informed mesoscopic theoretical models are then proposed to describe the flow stress as a function of twin thickness. Under cyclic loading, PTB is found to facilitate strain delocalization of TiAl single crystal during plastic deformation and thus noticeably improve the cyclic stability. These findings should shed light on achieving strong TiAl alloys with enhanced fatigue performance by the introduction and design of PTB.

Incorporation of canola meal as a sustainable natural filler in PLA foams

The canola oil industry generates significant waste as canola meal (CM) which has limited scope and applications. This study demonstrates the possibility of valorization of CM as a sustainable natural filler in a biodegradable polymer composite of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Generally, interfacial bonding between natural fibers and the polymer matrix in the composite is weak and non-uniform. One possible solution is to derivatize natural fibre to introduce interfacial bond strength and compatibility with the PLA polymer matrix. Here, CM was succinylated in a reactive extrusion process using succinic anhydride at 30 wt% to get 14% derivatization with 0.02 g of -COOH density per g of CM. The CM or succinylated CM at 5 and 15 wt% was co-extruded with amorphous PLA to get composite fibers. CM-PLA and succinylated CM-PLA biocomposites were foamed using a mild and green microcellular foaming process, with CO2 as an impregnating agent without any addition of organic solvents. The properties of the foams were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), shrinkage, and imaging. The addition of CM or succinylated CM as a natural filler did not significantly change the glass transition temperature, melting point, percent crystallization, stiffness, and thermal stability of PLA foams. This suggests succinylation (modification) of CM is not a mandatory step for improving interphase compatibility with the amorphous PLA. The new PLA-CM foams can be a good alternative in the packaging industry replacing the existing petroleum-based polymer foams.Graphical

Preparation of High-Toughness Cellulose Nanofiber/Polylactic Acid Bionanocomposite Films via Gel-like Cellulose Nanofibers.

This study demonstrates a procedure for preparing gel-like cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) to toughen polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite films. A well-dispersed solution of CNFs in ethanol was produced from microcrystalline cellulose by using a high-pressure microfluidizer. The fiber diameter of CNFs was found to be in the range of 80-100 nm. Ethanol was replaced by PEG using a rotary evaporator to obtain gel-like CNFs/PEG. PLA/PEG/CNF films were prepared using the solvent casting method, with the CNF content varying from 0.15 to 5 phr. The effect of CNFs on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of PLA nanocomposite films was investigated. The results demonstrate that the addition of CNFs improved Young's modulus and toughness of PLA/PEG films. In contrast, a slight decrease in mechanical properties was observed when the content of CNFs reached 0.83 phr. Considère's constructions are used to explain the neck phenomena and cold drawing of nanocomposite films. The crystallization and thermal stability of PLA nanocomposite films were enhanced, with a slight decrease in cold-crystalline temperature (T cc) and an increase in decomposition temperature (T d).

Potential magnetic drug targeting with magnetite nanoparticles in cancer treatment by enhancer-modifier natural herb and loaded drug

In the present study, we prepared magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded with natural Moringa oleifera (M. olf) herb and Epilim (Ep) drug to evaluate the anti-cancerous activity against brain cancer cells. All the samples were prepared via co-precipitation approach modified with different concentrations of M. olf and Ep drug at room temperature. The MNPs loaded with drug and natural herb were studied in terms of crystal structure, morphology, colloidal stability, size distribution, and magnetic properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images exhibited the morphologies of samples with spherical shape as well as the particles size of 9 nm for MNPs and up to 23 nm for its composites. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated the magnetization saturation (Ms) of 42.510 emu/g for MNPs. This value reduced to 16–35 emu/g upon loading MNPs with different concentrations of M. olf and Ep. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the chemical interaction between the Ep, M.olf and MNPs. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirmed the largest surface area for MNPs (422.61 m2/g) which gradually reduced on addition of M. olf and Ep indicating the successful loading. The zeta potential measurements indicated that the MNPs and MNPs loaded with M. olf and Ep are negatively charged and can be dispersed in the suspension. Furthermore, U87 human glioblastoma cell line was used for the in vitro cellular studies to determine the efficacy of synthesized MNPs against cancer cells. The results confirmed the anti-proliferative activity of the MNPs loaded with M. olf and Ep.

In-situ constructing Co/Mo co-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 with coral cluster porous structure boosting high performance for sodium ion batteries

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is suffered from poor conductivities and terrible structure stability. Herein, Co/Mo co-doped NVP with unique cluster porous structure is prepared. Notably, Co2+ replacing V3+ provides useful p-type effects, manufacturing more acceptor levels and generating equal hole carriers, which facilitates the ionic conductivity. Moreover, the larger ionic radius of Co2+ significantly enlarges the interplanar spacing to broaden ionic migration channel. The doped Co2+ can function as pillar ions to reinforce the crystal structure, further improving structure stability. Meanwhile, Moderate Mo6+ is introduced to keep charge balance, resulting in beneficial n-type doping effects, which can bring more electrons and increase the electronic concentration to speed up electronic conduction. Notably, a unique coral cluster porous structure is formed after controlling the added Co/Mo contents. This distinctive morphology allows active materials expose more contact areas with electrolyte to enhance infiltration effects, increasing the active sites to release more reversible capacity. Moreover, the porous construction withstands the stress resulting from the volume contraction during Na+ de-insertion. Comprehensively, NVCMP0.15 exhibits a value of 90.7 mAh g−1 at 50C and retains 68.5 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles with retention ratio of 75.52 %. Ex-situ XRD/XPS/SEM after cycling indicate great improvements in crystal stability of NVCMP0.15.

Synthesis of novel L-lactic acid-based plasticizers and their effects on the flexibility, crystallinity, and optical transparency of poly(lactic acid)

Using bio-based plasticizers derived from biomass resources to replace traditional phthalates can avoid the biotoxicity and non-biodegradability caused by the migration of plasticizers during the application of plastics. In this study, L-lactic acid and levulinic acid were employed as the major biomass monomer to successfully fabricate L-lactic acid-based plasticizers (LBL-n, n = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) containing a diverse number of lactate groups. The plasticizing mechanism was explained, manifesting that L-lactic acid-based plasticizers containing a substantial number of lactate groups could effectively improve the flexibility of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and the elongation at break was 590 %–750 %. Compared to LBL-1.5 plasticized-PLA films, the tensile strength and modulus of ketonized-LBL-1.5 (KLBL-1.5) plasticized-PLA films increased to 59 % and 163 %, indicating the ketal functionality of plasticizers enhanced the strength of PLA. Meanwhile, the increment of lactate groups and the introduction of the ketal group in the plasticizer increased the crystallization, migration, and volatilization stability of plasticized-PLA films and also kept their outstanding optical transparency. Besides, the biodegradability of KLBL-1.5 was investigated by active soil and Tenebrio molitor experiments, and its degradation products were characterized. The findings indicated that KLBL-1.5 was fully decomposed. Taken together, this paper offers new promise for developing high-efficiency and biodegradable plasticizers.

Improvement in crystallization and digestion resistance of debranched amylopectin dextrins using sodium sulfate

In this study, sodium sulfate, a typical kosmotrope salt (100–500 mM), was used to resistant dextrin crystals prepared via enzymatic debranching, and its effects on the crystallization behavior and in vitro digestibility of the dextrin crystals were investigated. Waxy maize starch was enzymatically debranched (50 °C for 24 h) and simultaneously crystallized (50 °C for 2 d) in aqueous solutions containing sodium sulfate (0–500 mM). The yield of dextrin crystals was increased using a sodium sulfate solution (84% at 500 mM sodium sulfate). The dextrin crystals comprise an A-type arrangement of double helices with higher thermal stability than native starch. Based on the DSC, XRD, and in vitro digestibility test, the high thermal stability and crystallinity of the dextrin crystals provide high resistance to digestive enzymes. The addition of sodium sulfate during crystallization increased the crystallinity and thus increased the digestion resistance. According to the in vitro digestibility test, dextrin crystals prepared with 500 mM sodium sulfate contained a resistant fraction of 80.36% in the uncooked state. After cooking (boiling), over half of the dextrin crystals remain resistant to digestive enzymes. This study showed that sodium sulfate, a typical kosmotrope salt, could accelerate the crystallization process of the debranched waxy maize starch chain, increasing yield, thermal stability, crystallinity, and digestion resistance in a short reaction period.

Simultaneous modification of Na-rich and Ca2+/Ni2+ dual-substitution boosting superior electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3

The lower intrinsic electronic conductivity of Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP) has seriously limited its further development. Herein, Ca2+/Ni2+ co-doped and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-coated Na3+x+0.04V1.96-xCa0.04Nix(PO4)3/C@CNTs (CaNi0.07@CNTs) system is presented. Both Ca2+ and Ni2+ are substituted for V3+, triggering charge compensation and producing p-type doping effect, generating abundant hole carriers to improve electronic conductivity. Furthermore, the ionic radius of Ca2+ is significantly larger than that of V3+, so introduction of Ca2+ can support NVP crystal structure and improve the stability. Furthermore, the introduction of Ca2+ can increase the lattice spacing, thus expanding the transport channels for sodium ions. The introduction of Ni2+ reduces the resistance suffered during charge transport and optimizes the chemical properties. Meanwhile, due to low valence of Ca2+ and Ni2+, more Na+ are designed to be introduced to the NVP system for charge balance. The Na-rich strategy induces excess active Na+ participating in the de-intercalation process to supply more reversible capacities. Furthermore, the CNTs wrapped around the active grains serves to buffer deformation of the crystal and to establish a conductive network connecting the particles. The after-cycling XRD/SEM/XPS further confirms the improved crystal stability of CaNi0.07@CNTs. Comprehensively, CaNi0.07@CNTs possess superior sodium storage in half and full cells.

Crystal structure, stability, and transport properties of Li2BeAl and Li2BeGa Heusler alloys: a DFT study

In this study, the structural, elastic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of full Li2BeAl and Li2BeGa Heusler alloys were explored using density functional and the Boltzmann transport theories. The GGA and HSE approximations have been used for the exchange–correlation potential. Results indicated that these two compounds are more energetically stable in the inverse Heusler structure. Additionally, both Li2BeAl and Li2BeGa Heusler alloys were found to be mechanically stable due to the positive values of the elastic constants. Also, the high values of the Young's modulus indicate that these compounds are stiff and exhibit a semi-metallic nature. The band gaps were determined to be 0.13 eV and − 0.22 eV for Li2BeAl and Li2BeGa alloys, respectively, using the GGA approximation. By employing the HSE hybrid functional, however, the band gap for Li2BeAl increased to 0.26 eV, and for Li2BeGa, it decreased to − 0.16 eV. Regarding thermoelectric properties, Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, electronic and lattice thermal conductivities, power factor, and the figure of merit have been calculated for both Li2BeAl and Li2BeGa Heusler alloys at different temperatures. Seebeck coefficient in both alloys decreases with increasing the temperature and has the highest value at 300 K. Thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity increase with increasing the temperature, which confirms the intermetallic behavior of the Heusler alloys. The results obtained for both alloys show that n-type doping has better thermoelectric properties than p-type doping. The maximum value of the figure of merit (ZT) was obtained for n-type doping, which was 1.43 at 660 K for Li2BeAl and 0.39 at 1000 K for Li2BeGa alloy. The high values of ZT especially for electron-dopped Li2BeAl suggest the great potential of this material for use in thermoelectric devices. This study suggests that the proposed materials have potential applications in spintronic devices and thermoelectric materials due to their intermetallic character and effective thermoelectric coefficients.

Electronic, magnetic, elastic and optical properties of Ba2CoTaO6 double perovskite oxide: A DFT study

In this study, the computational functionals GGA and mBj of density functional theory (DFT) were employed to explore the electronic structure of tantalum based double perovskite oxide Ba2CoTaO6. Computed tolerance (t) and octahedral (µ) factors deduce the cubic stability of the perovskite crystal. Negative formation energy indicates that the system is thermodynamically stable. The elastic constants satisfy the conditions for cubic stability and the Pagh’s index (B/G) evinces the brittle nature. The band structure and total density of states reveal the half-metallic nature with a 4.7 eV insulator indirect energy band gap at the Fermi level in the spin up direction. An integer-valued (4µB) magnetic moment is observed to favor the half-metallic ferromagnetism in the double perovskite oxide Ba2CoTaO6. Optical properties play a significant role in the design and functionality of optical devices and systems. In this aspect, the two parts of the dielectric function (real and imaginary) and the related parameters have been explored. The observed properties provide insights into possible applications of this system in spintronics and optoelectronics.

Physical property improvement of fluid shortening using peanut oil-based diacylglycerols and their applications in sponge cake

Fluid shortening is an important ingredient in the production of sponge cake. Peanut oil with 0, 43% and 85% of diacylglycerol content was used as the base oil. Different emulsifiers, such as glycerol monostearate, soy lecithin and sucrose ester, and their respective amounts, were investigated. It was found that the addition of emulsifiers had a positive effect on water-absorbing capacity, air-absorbing capacity and viscosity of the oils. Glycerol monostearate was the preferred emulsifier for fluid shortening with a recommended addition of 1.5%. The effects of different diacylglycerol content on fluid shortening and their impact on sponge cake production was also investigated. The onset oxidation temperature of the oil could be increased from 253.21 °C for PO-TAG-based fluid shortening to 263.70 °C for PO-DAG85-based fluid shortening. And the increase in diacylglycerol content leading to a lower specific gravity of the batter, which was 1.06 g/mL, 1.02 g/mL and 0.98 g/mL prepared by PO-DAG, PO-DAG43 and PO-DAG85 shortening, respectively. The results showed that diacylglycerols can be used as base oils in fluid shortening to improve the crystal network and stability of fluid shortenings, thereby reducing the specific gravity of the batter and improving the structural properties of the cake. This will extend the potential applications of diacylglycerols and increase the variety of base oils available for fluid shortening preparation.

Fine Purification Engineering Enables Efficient Perovskite QLEDs with Efficiency Exceeding 23.

Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have great application prospects in fields such as displays and solar cells due to their adjustable band gap, high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and solution processability. However, the ionic crystal characteristic of PeQDs and their surface ligands have led to problems such as solvent sensitivity, poor crystal stability, and difficulty in adjusting the photoelectric properties, which are challenges in high-quality PeQDs. Here, to solve the problem of fluorescence degradation caused by phase change and loss of surface ligands during the purification process of CsPbI3 QDs, this work develops a purification strategy that finely regulates the polarity of the purification solvent, to obtain high-purity perovskite. This strategy can tune the surface ligand concentration and optoelectronic properties while maintaining the crystal stability. The optimized purification process enables the quantum dots to maintain the same level of luminescence performance as the original solution (PLQY is ∼90%). Meanwhile, the electrical properties are improved to significantly increase the exciton recombination rate under an electrical drive. Finally, a highly efficient QLED with an external quantum efficiency of exceeding 23% can be achieved. This scheme for fine purification of CsPbI3 QDs will provide some inspiration for the development of efficient PeQDs and the realization of high-performance optoelectronic devices.