CrossFit Training Research Articles

The Effect of Crossfit Cindy Model on Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics in Sedentary Women

CrossFit training models considering sedentary women have not been sufficiently examined. This study aims to examine the effects of the 16-week CrossFit Cindy training model on some physical and physiological fitness parameters. Participants are chosen among sedentary women who are members of a sports center. Fifteen healthy, sedentary women (average of age 39.87±8.21 years, height average 164.07±9.16 cm, body weight average 87.40±12.05 kg, and BMI average 30.71±4.79 kg/m2) who are members of a sports center voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were given CrossFit training (Cindy Model) for 90 minutes a day, 4 days a week for 16 weeks. Participants' body composition, cardiovascular fitness and physical physiological fitness parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of the exercise period. For the analysis of the data obtained, SPSS 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Paired Sample T Test was used in the analysis of all parameters. Statistical significance was accepted as p< 0.05. Positive changes were observed in long-term regular CrossFit Cindy model training among sedentary women in terms of body composition, resting heart rate, strength and flexibility values (p<0.05). It can be concluded that CrossFit Cindy model training for 90 minutes, 4 days a week for 16 weeks can be used as an alternative to the traditional training methods as it causes positive changes in the physical/physiological parameters of women.

Assessment of Metabolic Response During High‐Intensity Interval Exercise and Resting Vascular and Mitochondrial Function in Recreational CrossFit Participants

BackgroundHigh‐intensity functional training (HIFT) can play a major role in physiological adaptations to prevent cardiometabolic disease. A majority of HIFT interventions incorporate a CrossFit (CF) training methodology, in which the goal is to increase work capacity over time while using mono‐structural, body weight, and weightlifting movements.MethodsWe measured aerobic capacity, metabolic response during high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), resting mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and resting large vessel function and microvascular reactivity in adults who have participated in a CF exercise for greater than one year vs. a sedentary group completing <2 h·wk‐1 of structure exercise for at least one year (SED).Results21 healthy, non‐smoking, participants were recruited (CF n = 13 vs. SED n = 8). CF participants had 40.4% greater absolute and 33.0% relative VO2 peak (P < 0.001) and lower body composition (CF = 18.6 (3.8) vs. SED = 30.3 (8.4); P < 0.001). CF participants had lower ratings of perceived exertion (P = 0.022) with higher respiratory responses (P < 0.05) and a lower heart rate response during HIIE (P = 0.024). CF participants had higher fat and carbohydrate oxidation when expressed as absolute and body weight relative values (P < 0.013), but not when expressed relative to lean mass (P > 0.200), indicating that skeletal muscle mass is a primary driver in substrate oxidation. CF participants had greater mitochondrial oxidative capacity (CF n = 12; P = 0.014). There were no differences in large artery function, but CF participants had greater baseline arterial diameter (CF n = 12; P = 0.004) and faster reperfusion following arterial occlusion (CF n = 12; P < 0.05), suggesting some influence of exercise habits on microvascular function.ConclusionOverall, these data support the effectiveness of HIFT programs, like CF exercise, to improve fitness and weight status and metabolic, mitochondrial, and vascular function.

Effect of CrossFit Training on Physical Fitness of Kickboxers.

Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport that is complex in technique, tactics, and movement structure, and requires an adequate level of motor skills as a foundation for activities during competitions. General physical fitness, defined as the effect of the externalization of motor skills, is the basis for athletic training regardless of the sport. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified training based on the principles of CrossFit on the development of general physical fitness in a group of kickboxers compared to a control group. Methods: The study was experimental in nature and was conducted in a group of 60 kickboxers, divided into experimental and control groups. Participants were selected by purposive sampling, and the criteria were training experience, sports skill level (minimum class 1 athletes), and consent to participate in the experiment. The intervention in the study group involved the introduction of CrossFit-based training into a conventional kickboxing training program. General and special physical fitness of the athletes were diagnosed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in general fitness in terms of abdominal strength (p < 0.001), pull-ups (p < 0.001), dynamometric measurement of handgrip force (p < 0.001) (kg), clap push-ups (p < 0.001), standing long jump (p < 0.001), shuttle run (p < 0.001), sit-and-reach (p < 0.001), and tapping (p < 0.001). Furthermore, changes in special fitness were also demonstrated for the special kickboxing fitness test (SKFT) (p < 0.02), the total number of punches (p < 0.001), punching speed (p < 0.001), and hip turning speed (p < 0.001). There was also a correlation between characteristics of general fitness and special fitness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The experimental training program based on the principles of CrossFit training had a positive effect on the general and special kickboxing physical fitness.

Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in female crossfitters: A cross-sectional study.

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in female crossfitters. This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using assessment forms: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey for young female athletes; Incontinence Severity Index; and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for UI. Descriptive analysis was conducted to obtain absolute and relative frequencies, means and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Multivariate analysis was carried out to determine the association between UI and sociodemographic, gynecological-obstetric, and anthropometric variables, associated morbidities, previous history and physical activity. Prevalence of UI, in the 189 included volunteers, was 38.6% and the most frequent type was stress UI (69.9%). A total of 72.6% of incontinent women reported urine loss during CrossFit training. Knowledge (53.4%) and attitude (86.2%) regarding UI were generally adequate, while prevention, management and treatment were inadequate (96.3%). The predominant characteristics of UI were frequency of once a week or less (74.0%), in small amounts (86.3%), mild intensity (57.5%) and slight impact on quality of life (64.3%). In multivariate analysis, no variable was significantly associated with UI. The prevalence of UI in female crossfitters was 38.6%. The factors investigated did not contribute to the development of UI.

Prediction of Injuries in CrossFit Training: A Machine Learning Perspective

CrossFit has gained recognition and interest among physically active populations being one of the most popular and rapidly growing exercise regimens worldwide. Due to the intense and repetitive nature of CrossFit, concerns have been raised over the potential injury risks that are associated with its training including rhabdomyolysis and musculoskeletal injuries. However, identification of risk factors for predicting injuries in CrossFit athletes has been limited by the absence of relevant big epidemiological studies. The main purpose of this paper is the identification of risk factors and the development of machine learning-based models using ensemble learning that can predict CrossFit injuries. To accomplish the aforementioned targets, a survey-based epidemiological study was conducted in Greece to collect data on musculoskeletal injuries in CrossFit practitioners. A Machine Learning (ML) pipeline was then implemented that involved data pre-processing, feature selection and well-known ML models. The performance of the proposed ML models was assessed using a comprehensive cross validation mechanism whereas a discussion on the nature of the selected features is also provided. An area under the curve (AUC) of 77.93% was achieved by the best ML model using ensemble learning (Adaboost) on the group of six selected risk factors. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated in a comparative analysis with respect to numerous performance metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC and confusion matrices to confirm its clinical relevance. The results are the basis for the development of reliable tools for the prediction of injuries in CrossFit.

Content aspects of vocational and applied physical training of future law enforcement officers by means of health fitness

The article examines the use of the CrossFit system as a means of health fitness training in vocational and applied physical training of future law enforcement officers. It was found that CrossFit training complexes should be designed taking into account the level of physical fitness of cadets and must be included in the content of physical training classes for law enforcement officers. CrossFit develops in a balanced way all the components of physical fitness of an individual including cardio-respiratory endurance, performance, strength, flexibility, speed, power, coordination, accuracy, balance, and agility. An experimental program based on cross-fit exercises was presented, which consisted of five blocks. It was pointed out that vocational and applied physical training of law enforcement officers (military officers, firefighters, and officers of various law enforcement agencies) in the United States, Canada, Europe is carried out using health fitness training, in particular the CrossFit system.

Function, strength, and muscle activation of the shoulder complex in Crossfit practitioners with and without pain: a cross-sectional observational study

BackgroundThe shoulder joint is the most commonly injured joint in CrossFit practitioners, because of the high intensity and loads associated with this sport. Despite the large number of clinical cases, there is a shortage of studies that investigate influence of biomechanical aspects of upper limbs' injuries on CrossFit practitioners. This study hypothesized that there would be a difference in function, strength, and muscle activation between Crossfit practitioners with and without shoulder pain.MethodsWe divided 79 Crossfit practitioners into two groups according to whether they reported pain (n = 29) or no pain (n = 50) in the shoulder during Crossfit training. Muscle function, strength, and activation were assessed using the Disability Arm, Shoulder and Hand function questionnaire, Upper Quarter Y Balance Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test shoulder tests, isometric muscle strength assessment by manual dynamometry and muscle activation by surface electromyography and pain report.ResultsThe function based on questionnaire was associated with pain (p = 0.004). We observed a statistically significant difference between the two groups only in the surface electromyography activity of the lower trapezius, and in the variables of shoulder pain and function (p = 0.038).ConclusionCrossfit practitioners with shoulder pain occurring during training showed good function and stability of the shoulder joint, but there was a reduction in the activation of stabilizing muscles, especially the lower trapezius.Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinico (Brasilian National Registry) with the ID: RBR-2gycyv.

The effect of CrossFit training on the level of blood lipids among participants in fitness halls (Gym) in Ar-Ramadi City

The study aimed to identify the effect of CrossFit training on the level of total cholesterol (TC), good cholesterol (high-density lipoproteins-HDL), and bad cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins-LDL) and triglycerides (TG) in the blood of participants in fitness halls in Ar-Ramadi city. The study was conducted on (7) athletes who train to gain a slim body and good shape while attending regularly throughout the week. Thus, the researcher assumed that CrossFit training would reduce the level of body fat in the research sample. Moreover, the researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of his research problem, therefore, the researcher concluded that CrossFit training led to a reduction in the percentage of fat in the variables under study, and recommended the adoption of CrossFit training to reduce the level of body fat, especially bad fats when preparing the trainees physically and physiologically.

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in CrossFit Practitioners before and during the COVID-19 Quarantine and its Relationship with Training Level: An Observational Study.

To compare the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) before and during the COVID-19 quarantine in CrossFit women and their relationship with training level. A cross-sectional study was performed among 197 women practicing CrossFit. The inclusion criteria were nulliparous women, between 18 and 45 years old, who had trained, before quarantine, in accredited gyms. The exclusion criteria were not following the COVID-19 prevention protocols and having UI on other occasions than just sport. An online questionnaire was emailed containing questions about frequency, duration, and intensity of training and data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were invited to answer whether they were infected with COVID-19 and what treatment/recommendation they have followed. Whether UI stopped among participants, they were asked about the possible reasons why this happened. The training intensity was categorized as "the same," "decreased" or "increased." The mean age of the participants was 32 years old and most (98.5%) could practice CrossFit during the pandemic. There was a decrease in training intensity in 64% of the respondents. Exercises with their own body weight, such as air squat (98.2%), were the most performed. Urinary incontinence was reported by 32% of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic, and by only 14% of them during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32 [0.19-0.53]; p < 0.01; univariate analysis). Practitioners reported that the reason possibly related to UI improvement was the reduction of training intensity and not performing doubleunder exercise. The reduction in the intensity of CrossFit training during the COVID-19 quarantine decreased the prevalence of UI among female athletes.

Isokinetic force-power profile of the shoulder joint in males participating in CrossFit training and competing at different levels.

BackgroundAs participants who engage in CrossFit training and competition perform a large volume of high intensity overhead activities, injuries to the shoulder are one of the most common in this sport. Previous research in other sports has indicated that the isokinetic force power profile of the shoulder joint (IPSJ) rotator muscles may assist in the prediction of shoulder injury.AimTherefore, the objective of this study was to determine the IPSJ in males engaged in CrossFit training at different competitive levels.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, participants (age, 24.1 ± 2.7 years) classified as ‘beginner’ (n = 6), ‘intermediate’ (n = 7) or ‘advanced’ (n = 9) provided informed consent to participate in this study. The IPSJ assessment involved rotational and diagonal movements, including internal and external shoulder rotator muscles, at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. The variables analysed were peak torque/body mass (%), mean power (W) and the external/internal peak torque/body mass ratio (%). A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the IPSJ of the three groups, with Dunn’s test used for post-hoc analysis. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe IPSJ showed greater torque and power values in those who competed at the advanced level as compared to those at a lower competitive level (i.e. intermediate, beginner). This was observed mainly for the internal rotation and internal diagonal movements at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. However, such differences between competitive levels were, in general, absent for the external rotation and external diagonal movements. Moreover, the participants from the advanced competitive level exhibited an imbalance of peak torque between the muscles responsible for the external–internal rotational and external-internal diagonal movements of the shoulder (i.e. peak torque external/internal ratio <66%), particularly in the dominant shoulder.ConclusionThese findings suggest greater development of the shoulder internal rotators and a higher probability of shoulder injury in CrossFit athletes at the advanced competitive level. Based on these results, participants engaged in CrossFit training and competition may wish to increase the volume of training for the shoulder external rotator muscles to complement the large increases in shoulder internal rotator strength that occur as a part of their regular training regimes.

Characteristics of Morphofunctional State of Paratrooper Cadets in the Process of CrossFit Training

The CrossFit training's influence on the morphofunctional state (morphological and functional indicators) of cadets who are the future officers of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces is studied in the paper. The research was conducted at the Odesa Military Academy (Ukraine) at the Faculty of Air Assault Forces training in 2018-2020. 90 male cadets took part in the research. We formed two groups: experimental group (EG, N=45), the cadets of which were training in the academy CrossFit classes during sports and mass work, and control group (CG, N=45), the cadets of which were training according to the traditional classes of physical training. The morphological (conditional) indicators of cadets were assessed in terms of such indicators as height, body weight, handgrip test, body mass index, power index. Their functional state was examined in terms of the following indicators: heart rate at rest, blood pressure, vital capacity, life index, Robinson index, and heart rate recovery after physical activity. The positive influence of CrossFit classes on the morphofunctional state of paratrooper cadets was established. In senior years of study, the indicators of the cadets of EG were significantly (р<0.05-0.001) more advanced than those of the cadets of CG by all indicators studied. The most pronounced influence of CrossFit training was found in terms of the indicators of the cardiovascular system, body weight, and power qualities of cadets. A high level of the morphofunctional state of future officers of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces in the educational process will increase the efficiency of the future combat activity.

تأثير تدريبات الکروس فيت علي بعض القدرات البدنية و المستوي الرقمي لسباحي الزعانف

من خلال العرض والبحث المرجعي لبعض البحوث والمراجع العلمية والمقابلات الشخصية لمدربي السباحة واللياقة البدنية للمراحل العمرية المختلفة وعمل الباحث في مجال مجال اللياقة البدنية والاعداد البدني للسباحين والبحث الدائم علي شبکة المعلومات الدولية (internet) لاحظ الباحث إفتقار برامج التدريب الأرضي إلي وسائل تنمية القوة العضلية إلي جانب إستخدام برامج التدريب الأرضي التقليدية ولکن في ظل التطور العلمي في مجال الرياضة والعلوم البدنية إلي ضرورة إيجاد طريقة تدريب حديث ورياضة مثل الکروس فيت وإستخدامها في التدريب الأرضي لسباحة من أجل عمل نقلة نوعية في التدريب الأرضي لهذه السباحة التي بدأت تنتشر حديثا ومحاولة الوصول بالسباحين لأعلي مستويات اللياقة البدنية والمستوي الرقمي لذلک وجد الباحث أن سباحة ورياضة الکروس فيت تحتاج إلي المزيد من الدراسة والبحث العلمي، وهذا مادفع الباحث إلي إجراء هذه الدراسة من أجل التعرف علي تأثير تدريبات الکروس فيت علي بعض القدرات البدنية و المستوي الرقمي لسباحي الزعانف ، وقد إستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي وذلک بأستخدام مجموعتين احداهما تجربية والأخري ضابطة مع إجراء القياسات القبلية والبعدية وقد تم إختيار عينة البحث والدراسة بالطريقة العمدية من القرية الأوليمبية جامعة المنصورة (25) سباحا من ناشئي (16-17) المسجلين بالأتحاد المصري للغوص والإنقاذ وکانت أهم النتائج أن البرنامج التدريبي المقترح له تأثيرا ايجابيا في تطوير القوة العضلية کما أن البرنامج التدريبي المقترح اثر تأثيرا ايجابيا في تطوير وتحسين المستوي الرقمي لسباق 100مترزعانف ، کما اظهرت النتائج تفوقت المجموعة التجريبية علي المجموعة الضابطة في القوة العضلية قيد البحث وکذلک المستوي الرقمي لسباحة الزعانف. Abstract Through presentation and reference search of some research and scientific references and personal interviews of swimming and fitness coaches for different age groups, researcher's work in field of physical fitness and physical preparation for swimmers and permanent research on international information network (internet), researcher noticed lack of ground training programs for means of developing muscle strength besides The use of traditional ground training programs, but in light of scientific development in field of sport and physical sciences, necessity of finding a modern training method and a sport such as Crossfit and using it in ground training for fin swimming in order to make a qualitative leap in ground training for this swimming that began to spread recently and try to reach swimmers to highest levels Physical fitness and digital level. Therefore, researcher found that fin swimming and Crossfit sport need more study and scientific research, and this prompted researcher to conduct this study in order to identify the effect of crossfit training on some physical abilities and digital level of fin swimmers. The researcher uses experimental method by using two groups, one experimental and other control With pre- and post-measurements, research and study sample was deliberately chosen from Olympic Village, Mansoura University, (25) swimmers from fin beginners (16-17) registered with Egyptian Federation for Diving and Rescue, and most important results were that proposed training program has a positive effect in developing muscle strength as well. The proposed training program had a positive effect on development and improvement of digital level of 100 fins race, and results showed that experimental group outperformed control group in muscle strength under study as well as digital level of fin swimming.

An Analysis of Sport-Specific Pain Symptoms through Inter-Individual Training Differences in CrossFit.

Background: CrossFit is one of the fastest growing “high-intensity functional training” methods in recent years. Due to the very demanding motion sequences and high loads, it was initially assumed that there was an extremely high risk of injury. However, studies have shown that injury rates are given between 0.74–3.3 per 1000 h of training, which is not higher than in other individual sports such as weightlifting. The purpose of the study was to estimate the type of pain symptoms that are directly related to CrossFit, to estimate the frequency of injuries that occur within a population of recreational CrossFit athletes, and, finally, to identify the factors influencing the frequency of pain during CrossFit training. Methods: A total of 414 active CrossFit athletes completed an online survey inclusive of 29 items focusing on individual physical characteristics and training behavior, as well as simultaneous or previously practiced sports. Results: There was a significantly higher proportion of knee pain in athletes who had previously or simultaneously played another sport (p = 0.014). The duration, intensity, or type of personal training plan developed, along with personal information such as age, gender, or BMI, had no significant influence on the pain data. We could not find any significant variance between the groups that we formed based on the differently stated one-repetition max (RMs). There were differences in athletes who stated that they did specific accessory exercises for small muscle groups. Above all, athletes performing exercises for the hamstrings and the gluteus medius indicated fewer pain symptoms for the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ)/iliac and lower back locations. Conclusions: It is important not to see CrossFit as a single type of sport. When treating a CrossFit athlete, care should be taken to address inter-individual differences. This underlines the significant differences of this study between the individual athletes with regard to the ability to master certain skills or their previous sporting experience. The mere fact of mastering certain exercises seems to lead to significantly more pain in certain regions. In addition, there seems to be a connection between the previous or simultaneous participation in other sports and the indication of pain in the knee region.

Proposal for a Fitness Program in the School Setting during the COVID 19 Pandemic: Effects of an 8-Week CrossFit Program on Psychophysical Well-Being in Healthy Adolescents.

Background: The Italian government promoted social distancing, in which the suspension of any social event, suspension of all activities practiced in gyms, sports centers and their closure was ordered. The social distancing in the school environment and the use of strategies to limit viral infection are not very compatible with group motor activity and team sports. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of a CrossFit program in order to mitigate the deficits in fitness caused by COVID-19 prevention measures and to evaluate the effects on self-efficacy in a group of young adolescents. Methodsː 30 healthy participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (IG) that performed the 8 weeks CrossFit training program or control group (CG). Physical fitness tests (i.e., Squat, push-up, lunge, and 20 m run) and psychological measures Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy scale (RESE) were performed at baseline and after 8 weeks. Resultsː After 8 weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvements for all fitness tests (p < 0.0001). Additionally, higher scores for the RESE negative and positive (p < 0.0001) scales were found in the intervention group. No statistical differences were found in the control group except for the push up test. Conclusionsː the 8-week CrossFit intervention program could positively affect the general physical well-being and improve the emotional perceived self-efficacy in healthy adolescents.

A Study on the Incidence of Hand or Wrist Injuries in CrossFit Athletes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the reported rates and characteristics of injuries among CrossFit athletes with specific attention to the hand and wrist. We further sought to identify trends and associations of these injuries by examining demographic data.MethodsA questionnaire was created to capture self-reported information on the incidence of hand or wrist injuries and their associations in CrossFit athletes. It was distributed between April 2020 and July 2020 to athletes training at CrossFit affiliated gyms in the New York and Pennsylvania regions. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors correlated with an injury.ResultsA total of 270 responses (97.5% response rate) were available for final analysis. The median age of respondents was 34 years and 72.2% had been participating in CrossFit for at least two years. CrossFit athletes reported injury rates of 62.2% while engaged in CrossFit training and 20.4% reported an injury specific to the hand or wrist. The majority of hand or wrist injuries occurred after one year of CrossFit training (65.4%). The majority of reported initial injuries occurred to the wrist (75.4%); subsequently, 29.1% reported reinjuring the same region. While 58.2% reported not yet having healed or taking longer than one month to feel fully healed, 72.8% reported returning to unmodified training within one month. Only 15 respondents reported seeking medical attention from a physician for their injury. Physicians generally recommended a training break of over one month, but only two patients reported taking a break this long. Male sex and length of participation in CrossFit were associated with an increased risk of developing a hand or wrist injury.DiscussionHand and wrist injuries represent a significant proportion of injuries among CrossFit athletes. CrossFit practitioners are potentially returning to unmodified training too early following injury, leaving them susceptible to further injury. Physicians and therapists must consider these findings and address both therapies and preventative measures for these types of injuries with their patients.

Influence of Modern Sports Technologies upon Development of the Penitentiary Service Specialists' Physical Qualities

The article is devoted to the research of the influence of crossfit classes, as one of the types of modern sports technologies, upon the development of physical qualities of the cadets. Crossfit is quite popular in all over the world and effectively promotes the development of all physical qualities of a human being. The main purpose of crossfit training is to improve physical fitness and functionality of the cardiorespiratory system. The research was conducted at the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine (Chernihiv) in 2019-2020. The research involved 60 cadets of the academy. Two groups were formed: experimental (EG, n = 26), the cadets of which were involved into crossfit academy classes (3 times a week), and control (CG, n = 34), the cadets of which were trained according to the current system of physical training at the academy. The research of the cadets' physical qualities development was carried out in the following exercises: horizontal bar chin-ups, horizontal bar hip-swing-ups, horizontal bar breast-ups, parallel bar dip-ups, 100-meter race, 3000-meter race. It was established that conducting classes with the use of sets of physical exercises according to

Improving of Special Physical Fitness and Workability of Female Police Cadets

The importance of evaluating the physical fitness of future police officers cannot be underestimated. Ideal physical training program must include targeting aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, muscular strength and endurance. The aim of the study: investigate the impact of two additional supervised 16-week physical fitness training programs (mixed (jumping + strength endurance) workout and CrossFit training) aimed at female police cadets. Participants: relatively healthy young female (n=28) – cadets had similar indicators of physical fitness and workability. Total time of physical training – 64 hours during 16 weeks (basic workouts – 48 hours, additional workouts – 16 hours). Group 1 (n=14) practiced additional CrossFit training. Group 2 (n=14) practiced mixed additional workout (jumping + strength endurance). Tests used to evaluate the physical fitness and workability were the following: Push–Up test, Plank test, Running test, Burpee test, Step test (PWC170), test with 30 throws. The overall positive dynamics of study results shows an increase of workability for all study participants. A reliable (p≤0.05) advantage of participants (group 2) in testing workability results (Burpee test and PWC170) was found. Experts agree that the most effective physical training programs for cadets and police officers will be combinations of intensive cardiorespiratory and strength workout. A positive impact of additional mixed (jumping + strength endurance) workout on the workability of female cadets was found. Such functional workout can be an effective alternative to CrossFit training in physical training curriculum of female police cadets

Effects of CrossFit training on lipid profiles, body composition and physical fitness in overweight men

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the CrossFit training on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. Twenty-six overweight men (age, 21.6 ± 1.6 years; weight, 86.6 ± 13.1 kg; height, 176.1 ± 6.28 and BMI, 27.8 ± 3.17 kg m2) were randomly divided into two groups of CrossFit (n = 14) and control (n = 12). Subjects in CrossFit group performed five sessions of CrossFit training per week for 4 weeks; while, subjects in control group had no regular exercise. Exercise session included continuous all-out cycling, burpee and squat exercises. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic performance, blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile were assessed in the both groups before and after training. Data analyses showed that weight, BMI, body fat percentage, resting heart rate, diastolic BP, VO2max, peak and average power, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio significantly improved in CrossFit training in comparison to control group. However, waist, hip and thigh circumferences, waist–hip ratio, systolic BP, HDL and very-low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). It is concluded that 4 weeks of CrossFit training induces considerable changes in body composition, physical fitness and lipid profiles (except for HDL) in overweight people.

Study of the State of Physical Fitness of Students of Medical Institutions of Higher Education by Means of Crossfit in the Process of Physical Education

Aim: Theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the method of using innovative technologies, aimed at improving the health of students in the process of physical education with the use of crossfit in medical institutions of higher education. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out within the framework of the discipline “Physical Education”, among students of 1-2 courses of medical specialties. In the experimental group, classes were held once a week for 90 minutes with the method of using crossfit for boys and girls, also there were additional extracurricular classes once a week (60 minutes). The control group was engaged in the usual program of physical education. Students of higher education institutions were offered a method of classes using crossfit tools. Results: In the educational process in higher education institutions, physical education is a way to achieve strategic goals by preserving the health of young people. An important aspect of our study is the use of innovative technologies in physical education process through crossfit. Crossfit refers to strength training and has an extreme system of general physical training, based on the alternation of basic movements in different sports. The crossfit training system allows you to easily adapt it for people with different levels of physical fitness. Students of higher education institutions were offered a method of classes using crossfit tools in physical education process. Conclusions: Thanks to the implemented methodology, the usage of functional all-around (crossfit), we proved that during our study, students who were engaged in the experimental method, improved their general physical condition, level of physical fitness and motivation to engage in physical culture and sports.

SPORT CLASSES AS EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR PSYCHOPHYSICAL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE SECTOR

The aim: Is to investigate the influence of sport classes on the psychophysical health of Ukrainian Armed Forces' servicemen. Materials and methods: The level of servicemen's health was estimated according to the professor Apanasenko's methodology based on the anthropometric and functional indicators. In the research there were 120 cadets aged 18 to 22 from Odesa Military Academy. Methods of research: analysis of scientific works, medical and biological methods, experiment, statistics analysis. Results: It was found out at the end of the experiment that the health level of the cadets who attended Crossfit classes is significantly higher than that of the cadets who studied according to the standard physical training program. The most profound effect was revealed on the functionality of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, and the stabilization of body weight of cadets of experimental groups. Conclusions:The results of the research show sufficiently high effectiveness of the Crossfit classes for the purpose of improving cadets' psychophysical health during studying. High psychophysical health level formed during the Crossfit training increases longevity and resistance of the body to unfavourable factors of professional activity, reduces the risk of professional diseases and improves the efficiency of the official duties performance.