Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient Research Articles

The Scale of Ideational and Social Contribution of Art to Politics: A Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable scale in order to determine the ideational and social contribution of art to politics. The 5 point likert scale was applied to a total of 891 university students studying in different departments of a state university. As a result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), it was found that the scale consisted of twelve items and was collected under two sub-factors. Factor loads of the scale items were found to range between .571 and .818. In addition, the variance rate explained by two factors was calculated as 58.397%. The x2/df value of the scale was calculated as 1,944. Other concordance index values were calculated as CFI= .962, TLI= .952, RMSEA= .066, SRMR= .0546. The Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .893 for the overall scale; .862 for the first sub-factor and .842 for the second sub-factor. Item-total score correlation values of the scale items ranged between .538 and .655. These results show that SISCAP can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Adaptation of the Fear of 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Scale to Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study

COVID-19 outbreak in the world has caused wide psychological effects and related concerns. Nonetheless, only a few studies have thus far evaluated the degree of fear of COVID-19, partially due to the lack of validated measures. This study was planned and conducted to study of the “Fear of COVID-19 Scale” adapted to Turkish culture which to measure level of fear of adult individuals Coronavirus Disease and developed by Ahorsu et al. (2020). In the study, over 18 years old adults has been achieved through a online questionnaire form who living in Turkey. 839 individuals were analyzed. In the first part of the questionnaire form, demographic features were questioned, and in the second part, Fear of COVID-19 Scale was applied. The scale is five-item likert type consisting of 7 questions. Whether there is a correlation between the items that is a prerequisite for the study factor analysis was examined by Bartlett Sphericity Test (x2 = 2770.755, p 0.5) and Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients (0.874). As a result of the analyzes, the adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale to Turkish is robust and can be used in research assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 among a Turkish adult population.

The Development of the Online Player Type Scale

The present study outlines the development of the Online Player Type Scale (OPTS) utilizing a motivational taxonomy developed. This taxonomy was comprehensively reviewed to create scale items, and the conceptual framework of the scale was defined. The study group was comprised of 1,479 students attending grades 5 to 8 of a private school. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the study group, and playing any videogame frequently was the criterion to be included in the sample. The construct validity and reliability testing showed the OPTS comprised four factors: achievement-oriented (ACH), socialization-oriented (SOC), exploration-oriented (EXP), and competition-oriented (COMP). The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients and composite reliability coefficients were 0.89 and 0.99 for KIL, 0.83 and 0.98 for EXP, 0.83 and 0.98 for SOC, and 0.94 and 0.99 for ACH. It is concluded that the Online Player Type Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing gaming motivation.

The validity and reliability of DSM-5 separation anxiety disorder severity scale-adult form

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Adult Form. Method: The scale was prepared by translation and back-translation of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale-Adult Form. The study group consisted of 81 patients treated in the adult psychiatry unit, diagnosed with a separation anxiety disorder (n=36) or panic disorder (n=45), and 80 healthy controls. For the assessment, DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale-Adult Form along with the Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire was used. Results: The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.93 and the item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.58 and 0.85. Test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r=0.989. A single factor that explains 62.77% of the variance was obtained. The factor loads of the scale items were found between 0.65 and 0.89. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit index were found to be RMSEA=0.09, CFI=0.94 and χ2/df=3.34. The scale showed a strong positive correlation with the Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (r=0.76, p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that the Turkish version of DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Adult Form can be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM): Turkish Adaptation Study

Giriş ve amaç: Eğitim programlarındaki yenilikler ve derslerdeki öğrenci çeşitliliğinin artması, tıp fakülteleri ile sağlıkla ilgili diğer fakültelerin eğitim ortamlarını değerlendirme isteğinin ve ihtiyacının artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu ihtiyaç ve isteğe cevap verebilmek adına Roff ve arkadaşları (1997) tarafından tıp fakültelerinin eğitim ortamları ile diğer sağlık eğitimi ortamlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla Dundee Mevcut Eğitim Ortamı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (DREEM) geliştirilmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında da daha önce yaklaşık 20 farklı ülkede uygulanan bu ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 50 maddeden oluşan 5’li likert tipindeki ölçek, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Ankara Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi’nin 2, 3 ve 4.sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 392 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Ölçeğin beş faktörlü yapısının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda yedi madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, 43 maddelik ölçeğin beş faktörlü orijinal yapı ile tutarlı olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen model uyum indeksleri (χ2/sd = 2.21, RMSEA = .061, SRMR = .061, NFI = .90, NNFI = .95, CFI = .95, IFI = .95) DREEM’in Türkçe formuna ait 43 madde ve beş faktörlü yapının doğrulandığını yansıtmaktadır. DREEM’in Türkçe formu ile elde edilen ölçümlerin güvenirliği Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı, test-tekrar test yöntemi ve bileşik güvenirlik katsayıları ile hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen güvenirlik katsayıları sırasıyla .91, .99 ve .93 olarak kestirilmiştir. Uyum geçerliği kapsamında Dundee Mevcut Eğitim Ortamı Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin Klinik Öğrenim Çevresi Ölçeği ile arasındaki korelasyon hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular iki ölçekten elde edilen puanlar arasındaki korelasyonun .53 olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçekteki maddelerin ayırt ediciliğini belirlemek amacıyla %27’lik alt-üst grup karşılaştırmaları ile düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonu hesaplamasına yer verilmiştir. Madde analizinden elde edilen bulgular, ölçekte yer alan maddelerin tamamının ayırt edici olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, DREEM-TR’nin geçerli ve güvenilir ölçümler üreten bir ölçme aracı olduğu ve sağlık alanında eğitim gören tüm öğrencilerin eğitim ortamına yönelik algılarını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Authentic Learning Readiness Scale for Teachers: The Validity and Reliability Study

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin otantik öğrenme hazır bulunuşluklarını ölçebilmek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 188 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışmalarında yüz görünüm ve kapsam geçerliliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Faktöriyel geçerliliği için yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda 16 maddeden oluşan tek faktörlü bir yapı oluşmuştur. Otantik öğrenmede 9 bileşen bulunmasına rağmen bu bileşenler tümleşik ve birbirini tamamlayıcı niteliktedir. Bu yönüyle ölçeğin tek boyuttan oluşması ölçülen nitelik açısından beklenen bir durumdur. Toplam varyansın %48’ini açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği için Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık kat sayısı .92 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulunan bu değerler Öğretmenler için Otantik Öğrenme Hazır Bulunuşluluk Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda ölçeğin öğretmen adaylarında da benzer bir yapıya sahip olup olmadığı araştırılabilir.

Academic Jealousy Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to develop a measurement tool to determine the level of academic jealousy. For this purpose, firstly, the literature was examined, and a theoretical framework was formed, and then an item set of 47 items was created. The items that were submitted to expert opinion were eliminated and corrected, and 41 items were decided to use, and a trial form was obtained. In this study, 478 university students were reached. One-on-one interviews were conducted with ten students who are studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University before the trial application. Then, the trial form was applied to 254 university students, and the data obtained were analyzed with Exploratory Factor Analysis, and as a result of this analysis, a structure with three factors (maturity, self-denigration, and envy) was revealed. In order to test the defined structure, the final form of the scale was applied to another group of 154 people, and the data obtained were subjected to Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and goodness of fit indices of the scale was found to be between good fit or acceptable fit. Accordingly, the structure with 19-item and three factors was confirmed Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the whole scale was found .779, Envy subfactor was found .840; self-denigration subfactor was found .840 and Maturity subfactor was found .817. In order to determine the reliability of the scale in terms of stability, the scale was applied to a different group of 57 people at two-week intervals, and the correlation between the two applications was recorded as .89. It was concluded that the Academic Jealousy Scale developed according to these findings, is a valid measurement tool and will give reliable scores in measuring academic jealousy.

The Turkish Adaptation of the Statistics Anxiety Scale for Graduate Students

In this study, it was aimed to adapt the Statistical Anxiety Scale (SAS) developed for graduate students by Faber, Drexler, Stappert and Eichhorn to Turkish. The research was carried out on 375 students attending graduate education in any field in Turkey. In the study, construct validity of the SAS was investigated via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Parallel analysis method was also used in making decision about factor number of the scale. In the EFA and parallel analysis, a unidimensional structure was obtained in line with the results acquired in the factor analysis of the original form of the SAS. However; since the original form of the SAS was designed by foreseeing a three-dimensional structure of worry, avoidance and emotionality, both unidimensional and three-dimensional structures were tested in CFA. The fit indices reported in CFA were found to be within acceptable limits for both models. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .91 for the whole scale, and it was found to be .91, .83, and .91 for worry, avoidance and emotionality dimensions, respectively. It was determined that item correlations exceed the lower limit of .30 for all items in the scale. Ferguson Delta statistic, which provide evidence for the discriminatory power of the entire scale, was determined as .98. These results suggest that the Turkish form of the SAS yields valid and reliable measures.

Developing the Turkish version of the exercise benefits/barriers for the elderly scale

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was develop the Turkish version of the exercise benefits and barriers scale for elderly people. Methods The study was carried out with the methodological research design with a total of N = 300 individuals living in a nursing home (n = 134) and applying to the Family Health Center (n = 131) between October 2017 and May 2018. The study included subjects aged 65 years and older who had no dementia, communication or physical disability. The item pool of the scale consisted of 36 items. Items were structured in five-likert form. Expert opinions of eleven individuals were received for Content Validity Index (CVI). The data of the study were collected with 26-question socio-demographic characteristics form, the Mini Mental Test and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale for the Elderly (EBBSE). Approval and consents were obtained from the relevant Ethics Committee, from the healthcare facility and participants. For the validity and reliability; CVI, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Hotelling’s T2, paired sample t test have been carried out. Results The mean age of the subjects was 72.44±5.94 years. Scale’s CVI was 90. The factor analysis demonstrated that the scale included three sub-dimensions of 18 items in Physical and Psychological Benefits of Exercise, 2 items in Social Benefits of Exercise and 8 items inExercise Barriers accounting for 55.36 % of the total variance of the scale. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the scale was .84. All of the four fit indices obtained in the CFA had desirable magnitudes (RMR=.05;RMSEA=,07;NFI=.81;CFI=.87), indicating a good fit between the model and the data. The item total score correlations ranged from .40 to .69. The scale’s test-retest correlation was .99. Conclusions EBBSE is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to evaluate benefits and barriers perceptions in physical activity practices. Key messages Developed EBBSE can be used to determine the perceptions of exercise for elderly. Developed EBBSE can be used to change barrier perceptions of exercise.

ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ KARİYER BEKLENTİLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

The purpose of this research is to develop the Prospective Teachers' Career Expectations Scale and to examine its reliability and validity values. The study was conducted on 283 people. Prospective Teachers' Career Expectations Scale is rated on a five point Likert-type. Structural validity of the scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Reliability of the scale was examined by Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient. Validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were performed with SPSS 25 package programs. The EFA demonstrated that the 15 items loaded on one factor and the amount of total variance explained by one factor was 41,35%. Factor loadings ranged from .44 to .78. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit indices of the model were acceptable. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was .85. These findings demonstrated that this scale may be used as a valid and reliable instrumen

Scale Development Study: Hedonistic Eating Scale

Aim: Obesity is a condition where genetic, behavioral and environmental factors are found together. The study was performed in order to develop the “Hedonistic Eating Scale (HES)” for the determination of the hedonistic eating habits levels of individuals with obesity. Methods: The study was performed with a methodological design. The study was carried out in Gaziantep University Hospital's obesity outpatient clinic between April and June 2018. Context, structural, criterion validity and internal consistency reliability and test-retest validity-reliability analysis were performed. The statistical meaningfulness level in all tests was determined as p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: As a result of context validity, factor analysis and item analysis, a 15 item scale with one component was obtained. In the scale, the variance amount explained by the one component was on good level (68.02%). The fact that all of the Cronbach alpha, Spearman-Brown and Guttman internal consistency coefficient of the scale are above 0.70. When the test retest reliability coefficients of the whole scale were examined, the scale was found to present consistent results in different applications and the scale was found to be reliable with regard to the constancy coefficient. Conclusion: The “Hedonistic Eating Scale (HES)”, which was just added to literature, is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate hedonistic eating habits levels in individuals with obesity.

Uygulama Temelli Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama Çalışması

The aim of this study is to adapt the Application Based Smartphone Addiction Scale, which has been developed to determine the smart phone addiction, which is becoming a common problem every day. The study was carried out with 474 students in 2017 - 2018 academic year at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education. In exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for construct validity, the items were collected under a single factor in keeping with the original structure. The rate of explained variance was 52.658%. The eigenvalue of the factor was determined to be 3.159. Factor loadings of the items ranged between 0.531 and 0.835, and all of the error variances were less than 0.05. Asymptotic covariance and correlation matrices and Weighted Least Square (WLS) estimation method were preferred because of the structure of data in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). T-values of the items were found to be significant at the level of 0.01 (30.522-41.257). Factor loadings of the items were found to be high (0.50-0.81). When the model fit indices were examined, the fit values calculated as χ2/sd = 2.09, RMSEA = 0.068, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.044 indicated acceptable or excellent fit. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.81 within the scope of reliability studies. In addition, the test-retest correlation coefficient was found to be 0.92 at four-week intervals. In this study, it has been ensured that this scale related to smartphone addiction, which has recently become a serious problem, has been introduced to national literature.

Yönetici Dürüstlüğünün Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışına Etkisinde Yöneticiye Duyulan Güvenin Rolü

The aim of this study is to reveal the direct, indirect, and total effects between the supervisor integrity perceptions of employees, trust in supervisor, and organizational citizenship behaviors. In this respect, the data is collected using a convenience sampling method from 413 banking employees working in Adana. To begin with, the confirmatory factor analysis is conducted in order to examine the validity of the proposed model in the study and showed that the model has a very good model fit. In the study, in order to reveal the reliability of the scales, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and composite reliability coefficient are used and identified that the scales used in the study are reliable. Moreover, using correlation analysis the relationships between the variables are revealed statistically significant. Subsequently, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping method are used in order to test the proposed hypotheses in the context of the research model and revealed the direct, indirect, and total effects between the variables. In this regard, the model proposed in the research frame established a very good model fit. Study results revealed that the perceptions about the supervisor integrity have an effect on the employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors in addition to this there is a partial mediation effect of trust in supervisor in this relationship. These study results are discussed in the context of previously conducted studies and theoretical framework.

Developing an Entrepreneurship Scale for 5th Grade Students

The aim of this study is to develop an Entrepreneurship Scale to measure the entrepreneurial skills of 5th grade students and to conduct the reliability and validity of the scale. This research is a descriptive survey method. The pilot application was made with 432 students in Amasya City in Turkey. SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.80 programs were used to analyze the data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to construct the validity. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a 4-factor structure emerged on the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure, and it was determined that the developed model was in compliance with the criteria in the literature. These sub-factors were identified as meaningful in terms of self-confidence, need for success, personal benefit and leadership and responsibility. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.77. At the end of the research, a reliable and valid measurement scale about entrepreneurship was developed for the 5th grade students.

The Reliability and Validity Study of ‘Classroom Practices in Inclusive Preschool Education Environment with Talented and Gifted Children Scale

The aim is to develop a scale to demonstrate the instructional approaches that teachers apply in inclusive preschool classrooms, where typically developed and talented/gifted children are educated together. A total of 156 teachers working in inclusive preschools in Ankara formed the study group. The scale consists of 22 five-point, Likert-type items. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a structure consisting of three factors and 18 items was obtained. The first factor termed as ‘Differentiation’ consists of seven items, while the second factor, ‘Detection and Development of Potential’ consists of eight items, and the third factor of the scale, ‘Motivation’ consists of three items. The scale accounts for 44.61% of the total variance. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it determined that the scale was in good agreement with the model in general. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale is defined as .88 and the reliability of the subscales is determined between .76 and .83. In addition, the correlation coefficients of the items in each factor are higher than .30. In general, it is found that the three-factor structure of the scale is valid and reliable.

The Psychometric Properties of the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale in a Turkish Sample

In this study, by translating the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale (MTS) developed by Frank, Jennings and Greenberg [1] into Turkish, it was aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the scale among Turkish educators. The adaptation study of the scale started with the linguistic equivalence study. After revealing that the scale was equivalent to the original form linguistically, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied for the construct validity. As a result of CFA, it was observed that the two-factor structure of goodness of fit was excellent (c2/sd=2.111, IFI=.93, CFI=.93, GFI=.95 and RMSEA=.054) whereas the single factor structure was at acceptable level (c2/sd=2.982, IFI=.87, CFI=.87, GFI=.93 and RMSEA=.072) based on the compliance index value calculations. The Cronbach's-alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be .64 for the Interpersonal Mindfulness subscale, .80 for the Intrapersonal Mindfulness subscale, and .78 for the whole scale. While the corrected item total correlations ranged from .30 to .65, it was found that t-test results for the scores of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups were significant, and the scale indicated significant relationships with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (p<.05). In order to determine the test-retest reliability, correlation coefficient was found to be statistically significant in accordance with the measurements made in 3-week interval. Overall findings demonstrated that the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish educators.

Developing a scale of social attitude towards childhood epilepsies: a validity and reliability study.

Aim:There is no scale of social attitude towards childhood epilepsies. In this research study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale based on three-component attitude model to measure society’s attitudes towards childhood epilepsy.Material and Methods:This study was conducted in a province in Central Anatolia with 314 participants (150 males and 164 emales) aged between 18 and 68 years. The data in the study were obtained by applying a draft scale consisting of 52 items. Correlation analysis was performed to determine item discrimination of the items included in the draft scale; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the scale’s structure validity and Cronbach alpha internal-consistency coefficients were used to determine the scale’s measurement reliability.Results:In the study, a two-factor structure with an eigenvalue above 1, which explained 52.39% of the variance, was obtained as a result of principal component analysis and Horn’s parallel analysis. Following confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure modeled in exploratory factor analysis was confirmed within the context of standard fit values. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient (measurement reliability of the scale) was between 0.75 and 0.85. The Childhood Epilepsy Attitude Scale consists of 12 items included in two factors: (i) Affective and Behavioral Attitude and (ii) Cognitive Attitude. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale.Conclusion:According to the data obtained in the study, the scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool that can be used for measuring individuals’ attitudes towards childhood epilepsy. It is thought that this scale can be used in studies related to childhood epilepsy.

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS): Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in a Turkish Sample

This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish adaption of Hofmann, Carpenter and Curtis’ (2016) Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS). The original scale is comprised of four sub-dimensions; namely, enhancing positive affect, perspective taking, soothing, and social modeling. The study was carried out with 326 students from various departments of Medipol University. Work on adapting the scale began with an attempt to find linguistic equivalence. After ensuring this linguistically equivalence for the scale’s original form, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was launched to examine its construct validity. The results of this confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the four-factor original structure of the scale was also valid for the Turkish sample and the goodness of fit indices of the scale was within acceptable limits. The Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as .92 for the overall scale. The scale shows outstanding psychometric characteristics.

Development of symbolic mathematics language literacy perception scale for junior high school students and analysis of literacy perceptions based on certain variables

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument to determine the symbolic mathematics language literacy perceptions of junior high school students, and to investigate literacy perceptions based on gender, final mathematics achievement scores, significance of using symbols, and school grade variables. The study group included 312 students in the pilot scheme and 123 students in the main application during the development of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that a 5-point Likert-type scale with a Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.85 that included 4 factors in 18 items was developed. The factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, it was determined that the relayed literacy perceptions of the students did not differ based on gender and grade variables, however there was a significant difference between literacy perceptions based on the final mathematics achievement scores and significance of using mathematical symbols, and it was found that literacy perceptions of the successful students who found it important to use mathematical symbols were higher when compared to other students. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the combined gender, mathematical achievement, significance of symbol use, and grade variables explained about 20% of symbolic mathematical language literacy. Based on the findings, it was suggested that future studies could be conducted in schools of different types and utilizing different variables.

PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN YORDANMASINDA İŞYERİNDE MANEVİYATIN ROLÜ

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işyeri maneviyatı ve alt boyutları ile psikolojik sermaye ve alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın verileri, Kastamonu İli Merkez İlçede bulunan Gürmen Grup Ramsey Tekstil Fabrikasının 239 çalışanından toplanmıştır ve katılımcı sayısı araştırma evrenini temsil edecek niteliktedir. Verilerin toplanmasında anket trekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada çalışanların işyerindeki maneviyat düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amacıyla “İşyeri Maneviyatı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla “Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliği keşfedici faktör analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeklerin güvenilirlik analizinde ise Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesinde korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; işyerinde maneviyatın (işe tutkunluk, gizemli deneyim, manevi bağ ve topluluk hissiyatı) psikolojik sermaye ve psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutları olarak iyimserlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, umut ve özyeterlilik üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında işyerinde maneviyatın psikolojik sermayeyi yordayıcı rol üstlendiği ifade edilebilir.