Critical Statements Research Articles

N.A. Vlasenko. Methodological foundations of the study of legal values

The article analyzes the content and structure of the reviewed monograph. The idea of creating such a scientific field as legal science is supported; the author's critical statements about the state of domestic legal science are evaluated. A point of view is shared regarding the prospects of the proposed new methodologies and criticism of dialectics. Considering the internal values offered in the book, the author pays special attention to the principles of law, their concept and competition. Scientists see promising ideas related to the use of metaphors in legal science and legislation. The provisions formulated in the monograph on the overabundance of legal regulators are highly appreciated.

A Clubbable Man: Essays on Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture in Honor of Greg Clingham

A Clubbable Man: Essays on Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture in Honor of Greg Clingham

ПРОТОКОЛ ОБГОВОРЕННЯ ВІДКРИТИХ УРОКІВ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГОШОВСЬКОГО

Lviv archives contain a lot of valuable materials that shed light on the history of the development of musical-folkloristic studies in Halychyna. One of such documents is the Protocol of one of the meetings of the Musicology Department of the Lviv Con- servatory dated January 18, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) below. It is interesting because it contains a transcript of a detailed discussion of two open lessons by Volodymyr Hoshovsky on the subject “Folk music”. This large document, covering 9 full pages of typescript, for a long time remained the main source of information about the pedagogical activity of the scientist in 1961– 1969. This branch of V. Hoshovsky’s activity is quite well covered in ethnomusico- logical literature, especially thanks to the recent publication of the student lecture notes of course by V. Hoshovsky from “Folk music”. However, the appearance of this source does not detract from the information value of the Protocol. Although it dis- cusses the details of only two lessons, this document simultaneously demonstrates not only the “what”, but also the “how” V. Hoshovsky taught, how the students perceived the material, and, importantly, how his colleagues present in open classes evaluated the work of the scientist. It is through their flattering or critical statements that one can see the picture of the contemporary state of ethnomusical science and pedagogy, as well as the difficult socio-political context in which V. Hoshovsky had to work. The protocol contains many interesting and diverse details related to both the material delivered at the lectures and the urgent problems of teaching folk music dis- ciplines of that time, such as: insufficient hours, lack of a textbook, etc. In general, this archival source has not only significant scientific and methodological value for a wide range of ethnomusicologists – theorists and historians of musical folkloristics, but also is of considerable interest as a realistic document of its era. The document is submitted in full, preserving all linguistic and stylistic features and punctuation of the original with minor editorial appendices in the latches. On the right is the page number of the manuscript. Keywords: Volodymyr Hoshovskyy, Stanislav Liudkevych, teaching folk music disciplines, Lviv Conservatory.

ПРОТОКОЛ ОБГОВОРЕННЯ ВІДКРИТИХ УРОКІВ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГОШОВСЬКОГО

Lviv archives contain a lot of valuable materials that shed light on the history of the development of musical-folkloristic studies in Halychyna. One of such documents is the Protocol of one of the meetings of the Musicology Department of the Lviv Con- servatory dated January 18, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) below. It is interesting because it contains a transcript of a detailed discussion of two open lessons by Volodymyr Hoshovsky on the subject “Folk music”. This large document, covering 9 full pages of typescript, for a long time remained the main source of information about the pedagogical activity of the scientist in 1961– 1969. This branch of V. Hoshovsky’s activity is quite well covered in ethnomusico- logical literature, especially thanks to the recent publication of the student lecture notes of course by V. Hoshovsky from “Folk music”. However, the appearance of this source does not detract from the information value of the Protocol. Although it dis- cusses the details of only two lessons, this document simultaneously demonstrates not only the “what”, but also the “how” V. Hoshovsky taught, how the students perceived the material, and, importantly, how his colleagues present in open classes evaluated the work of the scientist. It is through their flattering or critical statements that one can see the picture of the contemporary state of ethnomusical science and pedagogy, as well as the difficult socio-political context in which V. Hoshovsky had to work. The protocol contains many interesting and diverse details related to both the material delivered at the lectures and the urgent problems of teaching folk music dis- ciplines of that time, such as: insufficient hours, lack of a textbook, etc. In general, this archival source has not only significant scientific and methodological value for a wide range of ethnomusicologists – theorists and historians of musical folkloristics, but also is of considerable interest as a realistic document of its era. The document is submitted in full, preserving all linguistic and stylistic features and punctuation of the original with minor editorial appendices in the latches. On the right is the page number of the manuscript. Keywords: Volodymyr Hoshovskyy, Stanislav Liudkevych, teaching folk music disciplines, Lviv Conservatory.

Pés descalços e descamisados: uma degustação do processo punitivo ou um retrato social?

Abstract This work has as its object a critical statement about the admission process of people deprived of liberty (PPL) at the gateway to Rio de Janeiro, who go through unfavorable situations, such as the naturalization of the invisibility of the vulnerable profile of inmates as well as their presentation in custody hearings, with part of their clothing and shoes removed by police officers. The selective profile of PPL does not coincide with the population that commits crimes and crimes, as important and decisive socioeconomic, political, racial and cultural filters operate for deprivation of liberty. Therefore, the custody hearing is a public policy aimed at curbing violations and guaranteeing fundamental rights, which is the guarantee of human rights.

Barefoot and shirtless feet: a tasting of the punitive process or a social portrait?

This work has as its object a critical statement about the admission process of people deprived of liberty (PPL) at the gateway to Rio de Janeiro, who go through unfavorable situations, such as the naturalization of the invisibility of the vulnerable profile of inmates as well as their presentation in custody hearings, with part of their clothing and shoes removed by police officers. The selective profile of PPL does not coincide with the population that commits crimes and crimes, as important and decisive socioeconomic, political, racial and cultural filters operate for deprivation of liberty. Therefore, the custody hearing is a public policy aimed at curbing violations and guaranteeing fundamental rights, which is the guarantee of human rights.

Brodziński pod presją romantyzmu... Dystans krytyka a (późny) entuzjazm poety

This article deals with the problem of Kazimierz Brodziński's various reactions to the literature falling within the concept of romanticism. It concerns his numerous critical statements as well as his poetry, above all the one that was written after his publication of the treatise O klasyczności i romantyczności tudzież o duchu poezji polskiej (1818). In this light, Brodziński as a critic – in the 1820s, falling into controversies with ideologues and enthusiasts of "new poetry" to a greater extent, a particular example of which is the work O egzaltacji i entuzjazmie, published shortly before the outbreak of the November Uprising, which does not always speak with the same voice as Brodziński the poet does. These differences were also visible relatively early due to the writer's aesthetic openness, for example, in the poem Widzenie na Górach Karpackich (1821). However, it is more important that they had increased as a result of a change in his attitude towards Polish affairs. The change, which was caused by the uprising itself as well as its tragic consequences for Poles and resulted in the creation of such works as the messianic poem Rocznica.

Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Statement for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in the Critical Care Unit.

Jagiasi BG, Chhallani AA, Dixit SB, Kumar R, Pandit RA, Govil D, et al. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Statement for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in the Critical Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(S2):S51-S65.

Stuck in a Lockdown: Filipino Students' Odyssey of Resilience

<p style="text-align:justify">The COVID-19 outbreak in the Philippines forced schools to close. Many Filipino students were stranded in their dormitories and boarding houses due to government-imposed lockdowns. As the study's impetus, the researchers explored the phenomenon of stranded students during a pandemic. A transcendental phenomenological inquiry was conducted in Northern Mindanao, Philippines, to disclose the experiences of six stranded students. Stranded students' lifeworld throughout the lockdown was documented through phenomenological interviews. The phenomenological reduction technique was used to transcribe and analyze the data. Provisional codes were used to classify critical statements into themes for the initial analysis of the interview data. The research revealed the themes of (a) groping in the dark, (b) journeying towards the light, and (c) welcoming the breaking dawn. The various stages of reality in the life of the stranded students are shown in these topics. They relate the story of how their confinement experience taught them to be resilient, which covers resilience as a process. The paper discusses numerous pedagogical implications of the phenomenon.</p>

TOWARDS A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE STANDARD OF LIVING IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the discussion between «pessimists» and «optimists» about the causes of the Russian revolution of 1917-1922. «Pessimists» traditionally believe that the main reason for the revolution was the low standard of living of the masses. «Optimists» argue that the economy of the Russian Empire progressed rapidly, and the level of consumption gradually increased. The next stage in this discussion was the book by B. N. Mironov «Russian Modernization and Revolution» published in 2019. In the new book, B.N. Mironov declares the development of Russia an «economic miracle» and cites 12 signs of this «miracle». In 2022, the Sociological History magazine held a round table discussion on Mironov's book and published the author's responses to critical statements made in the same issue. The article is devoted to the analysis of this criticism and the answers of the author of the book. It is shown that Mironov's argumentation is largely based on the use of unreliable yield statistics and an erroneous interpretation of the results of anthropometric measurements.

The duality of presence and absence in Tashari's by Enaam Kajaji

The research deals with the issue of presence and absence in Tashari’s novel by the Iraqi writer Ana’am Kaja Ji, and after presenting a glimpse into the concept of presence and absence, linguistically and idiomatically, and providing a glimpse into the novelist and her novel. the research aims to trace the effect of the duality of presence and absence in the narrative construction of the novel at the level of personality, Dialogue, time, and lastly at the level of place in the linguistic fabric of the novel (Tashari). The research aims to choose models from the novel and its approach to analysis from specific visions, guided by the critical statements of presence and absence; It monitors the forms of the presence and absence of the character, the manifestations of the presence and absence of the elements of dialogue, time and place in the novel, studying them, clarifying the mechanisms of that manifestation, and pointing at the most prominent techniques adopted for its textual manifestations in the textual world of the novel and its solid narrative fabric, in order to present a panoramic image that embodies the features of presence and absence in the narrative text of the chosen blog.

Decay of Liberal Democracy in Europe

This article aims to present an evolution of the liberal model of world politics along with the potential consequences of this change at the level of the European integration project, taking into account the tools of the school of law and economics. The work elucidates basic elements of the idea of liberal democracy, both in internal (legal and economic system) and external dimensions (attitude to supranational organisations). The liberal order described in the text is confronted with critical statements delivered by creators of the concept of illiberal democracy, according to whom crisis of the paradigm of law and international economy can be currently observed. The recession of the liberal model of global politics is manifested in the tendency to modify the constitutional framework of particular countries and the decomposition of integration processes that have been anchoring liberal order in a united Europe so far. According to the author, the above phenomenon may initiate a split in the Western world, leading to the breakdown of its political unity and the beginning of the era of uncertainty, as a prelude to the emergence of a new order on the Old Continent, the framework of which is not yet known.

“I am not considered much of a polygamist”: Sarah Peterson Lund Writes to Her Missionary Husband

“I am not considered much of a polygamist”: Sarah Peterson Lund Writes to Her Missionary Husband

EU study: After rollercoaster period, sugar sector on the way to balance

The European Commission’s DG Agriculture published a study entitled “Study on the adaptation strategies of the sugar supply chain after the end of the sugar quotas.” The 267-page analysis prepared for the Commission by Italian agri-food intelligence company Areté and IHS Markit aims at “a sound and comprehensive analysis on the EU sugar sector’s capacity to adapt to its post-quota environment, as well as on its ability to respond to varying market and production conditions”. The study investigates in particular the consequences for the EU sugar sector of the end of quotas assessing whether and to what extent the existing adaptation strategies implemented in the sector ensure an appropriate level of resilience against current and future threats, also considering the context of the international sugar market and its developments. We publish here a compilation of the main data and the conclusions stated by the authors. At the end, we also include the critical statements of two important players of the German sugar industry. The main themes of the study are: – The structure and competitiveness of the EU sugar sector and the organizational arrangements its supply chain. – The threats to which the EU sugar sector is confronted; the existing risk management strategies, their use and effectiveness. – The institutional setting of the market and EU policy instruments available for the sugar sector.

Uighur college students’ irony comprehension in Chinese

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Irony comprehension can be more demanding than literal comprehension in L1. This study aimed to seek an answer to how bilinguals perform in L2 in irony comprehension. Design/methodology/approach: Totally, 85 Uighur College students participated in a self-paced reading task in Chinese, with 81 Chinese native speakers as the controls. In Experiment 1, a scenario was followed by a commentary statement in which the critical word either was literally congruent with the context in meaning or could only be ironically understood. In Experiment 2, the same statement was preceded by three sentences which were either literally consistent with the critical word or created a context for the critical word to be understood ironically. Data and analysis: ANOVAs were conducted on participants reading times (RTs) to the critical words and commentary statement endings in the 14 pairs of discourses. They did not have different RTs for the critical words across the ironic and non-ironic conditions in L1, but had significantly longer RTs in the ironic condition than in the non-ironic condition in L2. Their RTs for the commentary statement endings were significantly longer in the ironic condition than in the non-ironic condition in both experiments, regardless of whether the materials were presented in L1 or L2. Findings/conclusions: Irony comprehension is similar in L2 to how it is in L1. However, salient meaning retrieval (in Experiment 1) and inference-making (in Experiment 2) in irony comprehension, as assumed by the Graded Salience Hypothesis, were more likely to be revealed in L2 than in L1. Originality: This seems to be the first study in the native and non-native domain of irony processing in the procedure of discourse reading. Significance/implications: L2 learners should do as many practices as possible to improve their reading proficiency in the target language.

Ранний Н. А. Некрасов в прижизненной критике

The monograph by M. Yu. Danilevskaya is based on a thorough study of periodicals, diaries and letters of writers, archival materials, memoirs of contemporaries: those sources which contain information about the early years of N. A. Nekrasov. For the first time in Russian literary criticism, she undertakes a multifaceted contextual and historical-functional analysis of critical works, statements and judgments about Nekrasov, which makes it possible to comprehend the reception of the poet’s literary activity from 1838 to 1848 by domestic criticism and journalism. During this period that Nekrasov formed as a poet, critic, editor and publisher. The book highlights the personality of Nekrasov, his relationship with his contemporaries, his work in critical assessments of F. A. Koni, V. G. Belinsky, N. A. Polevoy, P. A. Pletnev, O. I. Senkovsky, F. V. Bulgarin, etc. The monograph contains a number of entertaining stories related to the study of little-known facts of Nekrasov studies. The publication under review helps to clarify important events in the historical and literary process of the 1840s, to comprehend Nekrasov’s place in it and to trace the poet’s difficult creative path into “great literature.”

SOCIAL PROTEST AND THE RISE OF THE NOVEL

The early eighteenth century witnessed the early development of the dominant literary form of modern times, the novel. The novel emerged as a form with structure and interplay between individuals and their relationships to society. As a new form, the novel tends to make some significant, critical, and social statements about the society. Hence, the novel is used to create a new environment that is related to life and people. Indeed, this is what makes the novel appeal to readers as a new genre. Novelists either try to deal with daily social problems that happen in the lives of people or pretend that they are telling real stories.
 It is not surprising to find that Daniel Defoe molds his Robinson Crusoe (1719)on a real story while Samuel Richardson in Pamela (1740) turns out to be didactic to meet the needs of the growing numbers of female readers. On his part, Henry Fielding tries to expose his society to the readers in his masterpiece The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749); from now on Tom Jones. Accordingly, the novel becomes popular at this time because it has something relevant to the mob; it deals with their social life, and they can identify themselves with its characters in the actual daily life. Through Tom Jones, Fielding presented “a true and realistic picture of human nature” (Kettle, 71). As long as its main concern is the existing society, novelists feel so involved that their criticism becomes direct, frank, and effective. My paper deals with these concerns as depicted in the novels mentioned above.

تدليس ابن جريج بين النظرية والتطبيق: دراسة تطبيقية على صحيح ابن حبان

Abstract This study discusses the accusation pointed to “Ibn Juraij” theoretically and practically; Some of these accusations were spread by many Imams of hadith but upon investigation and following the statements of the senior critics it shows that they either did not declare these accusations, or they meant the fraud. The significance of this research lies in rejecting the suspicion that Ibn Hibban was described with leniency in documenting the narrator’s accusation of changing the wording of the transmission of the hadith from someone who spoke to us or told us into a formula that blurred others or delusional information so that it was heard while he actually did not hear it. One of the most important objectives of this research is to find a scientific and specialized study of the narrators accused of this change in Sahih Ibn Hibban, and to clarify their status. This results in the correction of their hadiths in his Sahih and the discussion of those accused of discussing, such as Ibn Juri. The researcher followed historical “retrospective” approach in understanding the terminology of the hadith in which the imams contested with Ibn Hibban, such as the definition of Deception, its applications; and the critical analytical approach to discuss the sayings and rules that Ibn Hibban and the most scholars said in matters of al-Jarh and al-Tadeel, and to discuss the validity of the offender’s claim and accuse Ibn Hibban of insufficiency in his method of correctness and its degree, in accepting the narrators accused of deception. As for the most distinguished results, it was found that Ibn Juraij used to mislead the deception of the Sheikhs, only this has been proven from his sheikh Ibrahim bin Abi Yahya. However, he was not overbearing of deception.

Społeczeństwo ukraińskie i I sekretarz KC Komunistycznej Partii Ukrainy Petro Szełest w czasie kryzysu sowiecko-czechosłowackiego w 1968 r.

The article is devoted to the protests of Ukrainian society against the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by the Soviet Army and satellite states and the role of Petr Sheloest in the events of that time. The article presents the following as­pects of this issue: Prague Spring, or reforms of the political and economic system in Czechoslovakia; the situation of Ukrainian society after the destruction of the shistdesiannyk movement and the arrest of many intellectuals by the KGB; interest in and support for reforms in Czechoslovakia and various forms of opposition and protests against the inva­sion. Petro Szełest, the First Secretary of the Central Com­mittee of the KPU, was concerned about the impact of the freedom ideas of the Prague Spring on Ukraine. However, he believed that the Prague Spring could be liquidated by the so-called “Healthy forces” in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and military intervention is the last resort. Petro Szełest knew the mood of Ukrainian society and the situation in the local committees of the KPU, where they spoke out against the invasion. As the opinion of Ukrainian soci­ety was not expressed in the resolutions of “working people” against “Czechoslovak revisionists”, referred to by Petro Szełest and adopted under pressure, it was expressed in in critical statements, massive purchases of food and basic necessities, as well as inscriptions on walls and leaflets condemning the Kremlin's policy towards Czechoslovakia. The issues presented in the article are not mentioned in Ukrainian history textbooks.

Cutting Edges: Professional Hierarchy vs. Creative Identity in Nicolas de Launay’s Fine Art Prints

In 1783, Nicolas De Launay copied Les Baignets by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, stating it was made “by his very humble and very obedient servant”, an evidence of the hierarchical tensions between painters and printmakers during the eighteenth-century. However, De Launay’s loyalty is not absolute, since a critical artistic statement is found at the edge: an illusory oval frame heavily adorned with leaves and fruits of Squash, Hazelnuts, and Oak. This paper wishes to acknowledge this meticulously engraved frame, and many more added to copies throughout De Launay’s successful career, as highly relevant in examining his ‘obedience’ and ‘humbleness’. With regard to eighteenth-century writings on botany and authenticity, and to current studies on the print market, I offer a new perspective in which engravers are appreciated as active commercial artists establishing an individual signature style. In their conceptual and physical marginality these decorations allow creative freedom which challenges concepts of art appropriation and reproduction, highly relevant then and today.