CRDI Engine Research Articles

Performance and Emission Characteristics of CRDI Engine Fuelled with Cotton Seed Oil Blended Biodiesel

The biofuel produced from cottonseed oil can provide a potential solution to the rapid rate of depletion and hazardous emissions of the fossil fuels for the fast-growing world. The present work investigates the suitability of cotton seed oil as a blending agent for production of biodiesel. The biodiesel blend has been tested as an alternate fuel in a common rail direct injection diesel engine from performance and emission point of view. The performance and emission parameters of biodiesel containing 10, 20 and 30 % of cotton seed oil have been compared with those of pure diesel. The experimental results indicated that the biodiesel containing 20% of cottonseed oil exhibited the most optimal performance and emission characteristics. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine decreased by 2.3% while the brake specific fuel consumption increased by 0.047kg/kWh for optimally concentrated biodiesel. Corresponding to same combustion parameters, the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions reduced by 16.5 and 58 % respectively while the nitrogen oxide emissions increased by approximately 4.8%. Thus, the cotton seed oil can be considered as a potential alternate to pure diesel considering performance and emission characteristics.

Effect of Dwell Angle and Two-Stage Fueling Approach on the Engine Parameters of CRDi Engine using WCO Biodiesel Blends

In this paper, the impact of dwell angle and two-stage fueling technique on engine efficiency and tailpipe emissions in a 3.5 kW powered four-stroke diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel blends were investigated. An experiment with single-cylinder high-pressure CRDi equipped diesel engine was executed at two different dwell angles (5° CA and 10° CA) with varying pilot fueling quantities of 10% and 20% at nozzle fueling pressure of 600 bar. The outcomes revealed that the combined effect of dwell angle and two-stage fueling techniques had enhanced the BTE by 8.13% for B20P20 pilot fueling timing (PFT) of 28° bTDC, whereas BSFC lowers for B20P20 blend at pilot fueling timing of 33° bTDC. Comparing B20P20 PFT at 28° bTDC to PFT at 33° bTDC, CO, HC and smoke emissions drop by 72.72%, 37.04%, and 93.75%, respectively. The nitrogen oxide reduction is unaffected by two-stage fueling strategy among all the test sample fuels and significantly higher for the biodiesel blends than mineral diesel.

Influence of hydrogen induction in a CRDI engine fuelled with water emulsified waste plastic oil blend

Waste plastic oil (WPO) shows its potential in replacing diesel without altering the engine in any way. On the other hand, hydrogen is treated as a future fuel for its higher heat content and clean combustion nature though it emits higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx). In the present work, a unique experimental methodology is adapted to use hydrogen in a diesel engine run by waste plastic oil blend and emits low NOx emission. Initially, the engine is tested with a blend of neat diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO 20). Later, hydrogen gas is supplied with inlet air, and the engine is tested at dual fuel mode with WPO 20 &H2. At last, water-emulsified waste plastic oil and hydrogen (WPO 20 + W10 &H2) is tested. From the experimental results, it is observed that the addition of hydrogen improves the brake thermal efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption to a great extent. It also improves the combustion characteristics and emissions, except NOx emissions. Due to the addition of H2, NOx emission is increased by 24% compared to WPO 20 blend. To control these NOx emissions, water emulsification method is used, and 19% NOx reduction is observed.

Effects of a CRDI Engine Running on Biodiesel, n-Octanol and Nanoparticle Blended Nanofuel on Performance, Emissions and Combustion

Effects of a CRDI Engine Running on Biodiesel, n-Octanol and Nanoparticle Blended Nanofuel on Performance, Emissions and Combustion

Optimization of common rail direct injection diesel engine performance with Melia dubia methyl ester peppermint oil blend using response surface methodology approach and investigation of hydrogen and hydroxy influence

In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation, and the start of injection on the performance and emission of single-cylinder VCR CRDI engine fueled with Melia dubia biodiesel and peppermint oil blends. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of these multiple factors and their interactions with response variables like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke. Model analysis was done to validate the regression model developed for all responses by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Compression ratios 17.5, 19.5, and 21.5, exhaust gas recirculation of 10, 15, and 20%, and 19, 21, and 23 °CA were selected for the start of injection in this study. High desirability of 0.979 was obtained at the optimum operating parameters, viz. 19.5 of compression ratio, 23 °CAbTDC of the start of injection with 15% EGR where the values of BTE, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were found to be 30.66%, 2.66 g/kWh, 0.076 g/kWh, 7.36 g/kWh, and 40 HSU respectively. Further, hydrogen and hydroxy (simulated) gas were inducted to improve the biofuel blend's performance, and their influence was investigated. A significant improvement in performance and reduction in emissions were observed with the usage of hydrogen gases. Researchers and organizations seeking to enhance engine performance and reduce harmful environmental emissions can benefit from this study.

Influence of Mustard Oil Biodiesel Blends in Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine on Its Performance and Emission Characteristics

Almost majority of petroleum produce is utilized for transportation, generation of heat and electricity, and balance used as a raw material in chemical industry. With increasing energy demand, limited fossil fuel sources, study is directed towards alternate renewable fuels. Biodiesel extracted from Vegetable Oil, is becoming a popular alternative propulsion fuel. Experiments were conducted using different blends from Mustard Oil biodiesel mixed with diesel in concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, to determine the properties of these biodiesel blends and evaluate the performance as well as emission characteristics of a CRDI Engine. The trials were conducted for various load conditions viz. 0 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg and 12 kg, for two different compression ratios 16 and 18. The performance assessments indicators like brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, air-fuel ratio were examined. The highest magnitude of mechanical efficiency observed is 59.14% for Mustard Oil Biodiesel 10% Blend (MuB10) for 12 kg, engine load and compression ratio 16. The emission indicating parameters oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and smoke were scrutinized throughout trials. The result of this investigation exposed that blend B10 has given favorable outcomes as compared to pure diesel for CRDI engine performance indicating parameters and has fewer emissions as compared to that of pure diesel.

An experimental investigation of hydrogen-enriched and nanoparticle blended waste cooking biodiesel on diesel engine

The hazardous effect of the pollution of fossil fuels has brought the necessity of shifting conventional energy sources to renewable and clean ones. In this study, the effect of hydrogen addition and CeO2 nanoparticle addition in waste cooking palm biodiesel on a CRDI engine is evaluated. The dosage of the nanoparticle is fixed at 75 ppm and a hydrogen flow rate of 10 L/min is selected for the engine operations. The crystalline structure of the nanoparticles is determined by XRD analysis. Results showed that on the addition of both H2 and CeO2 in a B20 biodiesel blend (80% diesel and 20% biodiesel) the performance, emission, and combustion parameters of the diesel engine improved compared to neat diesel. The brake thermal efficiency was improved by 3.53% and brake fuel consumption was reduced by 16.12% in comparison to diesel at 90% loading condition. The addition of both nanoparticles and hydrogen in the biodiesel blend lowered the emissions of CO by 30%, and HC and smoke by 50% and 42% respectively. However, NOx increased by 11% as compared to diesel. A 6% higher HRR values and 8% higher in-cylinder pressure were obtained while using hydrogen and CeO2 nanoparticle blended biodiesel. This blend also shows the lowest ignition delay period at full load condition which results in more engine power and efficiency. This experimental study has helped pave the way for the use of hydrogen-enriched and nanoparticle-blended biodiesel in place of fossil fuel for the applications of diesel engines.

Optimization study on the production of argemone mexicana biodiesel and its impact on diesel engine combustion stability: Taguchi model and wavelet analysis

A research study is being conducted to investigate the potential use of Argemone mexicana oil (adulterated with mustard oil and non-edible) as a biodiesel source in a compression ignition (CI) engine to replace the maximum amount of fossil fuel in the engine. This research aims to optimize transesterification reaction parameters to achieve high yields of Argemone mexicana biodiesel (AGB). The study employed the Taguchi method to optimize the appropriate combination of transesterification reaction parameters. A transesterification reaction at 60 °C, 90 min, with a molar ratio of 6:1, produced a maximum yield of 95%. Additionally, the present study explores the combustion stability of a 4-cylinder turbocharged CRDI engine using AGB/diesel blended fuels. The wavelet transform (WT) analysis has also been used to observe temporal and spectral variations in the combustion parameters of various AGB/diesel blends. The global wavelet spectrum (GWS) and wavelet power spectrum (WPS) analyses showed that the AB10 blend exhibited the lowest cyclic fluctuations in indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) combustion parameter at a low engine load. The study of the spectral variations of the IMEP combustion parameter based on the in-cylinder pressure feedback can be used to develop better fuel injection control strategies.

Effect of hydrogen enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles on waste cooking palm biodiesel run CRDI engine

In this study, we deal with the production and utilization of waste-cooking palm biodiesel (WCB) and.evaluated the influence of the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in hydrogen-enriched single-cylinder CRDI diesel engine. XRD, SEM, and EDX decide the structure and morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the tested fuels at a dosage of 50–75 ppm with the aid of ultra-sonication. Based on the oxidation stability study, the B20 + 75 ppm (TiO2) fuel blend is the pilot fuel for the engine test. Further, the engine is enriched with a hydrogen (H2) flow of 10 lpm. Results revealed that the performance parameters were improved with the addition of H2 enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles compared to D. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine was improved by 8.21%. In comparison, brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 42.86%. Furthermore, adding nanoparticles also reduced CO and HC emissions by 74% and 27.27%, respectively, whereas the NOx emission was slightly increased. Thus, the findings demonstrated that hydrogen-enriched nanoparticles added to biodiesel might be considered a substitute for fossil fuels and report a positive impact on diesel engine performance without requiring significant modifications.

Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with cashew nut shell oil & optimizing the operating parameters using response surface methodology

Due to the stringent environmental changes and rosein pollution from automobiles and other industrial sources make researchers to find an alternative fuel for diesel substitute based engines. In this paper, direct injection CI engine characteristics is studied using cashew nut shell oil as a biodiesel. The work carried out in two parts, the first part consist of experimental work studies on 4 stroke single cylinder CRDI engine using CNSL as a biodiesel. CNSL Biodiesel is prepared by acid-base trans-esterification technique. The prepared biodiesel is then blended with diesel by the volume basis of [B20D80]. The Diesel engine operated at constant speed of 1500 rpm for the loading condition such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, injection pressure, blend percentage were noted. In terms of Emissions, the CO, CO2, NOX, HC were observed for all loading conditions and compression ratios. The second part of the work is to optimize the operating parameters of the diesel engine using response surface methodology optimizer. For the optimization the input values namely engine load, compression ratio, bending ratios of diesel and biodiesel is varied accordingly to observe the output parameters like BTE, BSFC and for emissions like CO, CO2, NOx, and HC. The optimization is carried out using statistical Minitab software version 18. The predicted and experimental values were compared for the optimal values of BTE, BSFC and emissions respectively.

Experimental investigation into the effects of Argemone biodiesel/diesel blends on cyclic variations in a multi-cylinder CRDI engine

Abstract Internal combustion engines suffer from high cyclic variations that result in higher emissions, lower efficiency, higher fuel consumption and poor drivability. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Argemone mexicana biodiesel (AGB)/diesel blended fuels affect the cyclic variability of combustion parameters such as maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) in a four-cylinder turbocharged intercooled common-rail direct injection engine under various engine loading conditions. The chemical and physical properties of AGB produced from A. mexicana oil were measured and compared according to the ASTM D6751 standards. In various volumetric ratios, AGB and diesel fuel were blended as D100, AB10 (10% AGB + 90% D100), AB20 (20% AGB + 80% D100) and AB30 (30% AGB + 70% D100). The IMEP and Pmax time-series data were collected over 200 consecutive cycles at low, partial and high engine loads at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. The coefficients of variation (COV) of combustion parameters (Pmax and IMEP) were measured for different AGB/diesel blends and found to be within acceptable limits. The results show that COVPmax and COVIMEP decrease as the engine load increases. It was observed that at low load, AB10 has the lowest COV (Pmax, IMEP), and at partial and high load, AB20 has the lowest COV (Pmax, IMEP) among all the blends.

Impact of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode engine operation in diesel engine powered with B20 blend of waste cooking oil biodiesel

The purpose of this study is to conduct an experimental assessment of the impact of RCCI (reactivity regulated compression ignition) on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a CRDI engine. A fuel mix (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel, and a NaOH catalyst) is generated. The produced combination is evaluated for attributes using standards established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The engine research included three distinct kinds of injections: 10% Pen RCCI, 20% Pen RCCI, and 30% Pen RCCI. Increasing the injection pressure increases the brake thermal efficiency, often known as BTE. NOx emissions increased as a consequence of higher injection pressures and improved combustion. However, when the injection rate is increased, the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) falls. The CO2 and hydrocarbon emissions, as well as the smoke opacity values, increased as the charge increased. The resultant mixture may be utilized in a CI engine with pre-mixed ignition to improve overall engine performance as well as combustion characteristics.

Experimental Investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of Jatropha oil blended waste plastic oil in a CRDI Engine

This paper describes an experimental study of using jatropha oil as a fuel in CRDI diesel engine. In this study the effect of using Jatropha oil – plastic oil blends (JP10 JP20) on the engine performance, exhaust emission have been experimentally investigated. This present work deals with 10% Jatropha oil and 90% waste plastic oil called JP10, 20% Jatropha oil and 80% waste plastic oil called JP20 were used in single cylinder four stroke, water cooled CRDI diesel engine. The experimental result showed that the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and exhaust gas temperature were significantly reduced. Oxides of nitrogen, Brake specific fuel consumption was increased and also brake thermal efficiency were found to have increased with Jatropha oil – waste plastic oil blends. Keywords: Diesel, jatropha, Plastic oil, Engine Performance, Emission.

Experimental study of combustion and cyclic variations in a CRDI engine fueled with heptanol/iso-propanol/butanol and diesel blends

The present study experimentally investigates main combustion, fuel injection, and cycle-by-cycle variations in a CRDI diesel engine fueled with blends of heptanol/iso-propanol/butanol and diesel. Two percentages of diesel and higher alcohol blends, denoted as D85HIB15 (85% diesel, 5% heptanol, 5% iso-propanol, 5% butanol) and D70HIB30 (70% diesel, 10% heptanol, 10% iso-propanol, 10% butanol), were utilized in the engine at different BMEPs (3.4, 5.2, and 6.9 bar). With increasing ratio of the alcohol blends in diesel, it was founded lower CPmax, PRRmax, and IMEP, prolonged ignition delay, earlier injection timing and combustion center, and also higher injection pressure compared to diesel fuel. Based on the standard deviation and coefficient of variation for 200 consecutive combustion data, diesel-HIB blends showed lower cyclic variations than conventional diesel under all test cases. Notable fluctuations in cycle-by-cycle injection pressure highlighted to cyclic combustion fluctuations. Finally, the relationship between main combustion parameters showed that the highest correlation was around 0.8 between CPmax and PRRmax for diesel-HIB blends at low load, and for pure diesel and D85HIB15 at medium load, indicating that there was a well linear relationship.

Experimental investigation of carbon nanotube additives on CRDI engine fueled with Chlorella vulgaris microalgae methyl ester and bio-ethanol blends: performance, emission and combustion characteristics

The novelty of this research work deals with the usage of green synthesized nanoadditives (carbon nanotubes) for ternary fuel blends (20% Chlorella vulgaris microalgae biodiesel, 20% bioethanol, and 60% diesel). These fuel blends were tested in a CRDI diesel engine at various load conditions to analyze the combustion, performance and emissions. By increasing from 25 to 100 ppm of carbon nanotubes with ternary fuel blend, the performance of the engine is improved in terms of BTE (9%), BSFC (11.76%) and BSEC (12.79%) compared with diesel. With a TF + 100 ppm CNT fuel blend, HC decreases by 50%, CO decreases by 14%, NOx increases by 13.42% and HRR increases by 23.84% compared to diesel and other blends. From a combustion viewpoint, this fuel blend possesses superior pressure and high HRR with improved MFB. Therefore, TF + 100 ppm CNT could be a future alternative fuel for diesel engines to reduce the fuel dependency by up to 20% without any engine modifications.

Influencing parameter optimisation of CRDI engine fuelled with lemongrass biodiesel blends

Based on the central composite design of the experiment of 50 input combinations, the behaviour of common rail direct injection compressed ignition engine was examined, and maximum engine performance and minimal emission were found using multi-objective RSM. The optimal input combination was identified after thorough testing. It consisted of 12.3 kg engine load, 60% lemongrass biodiesel, 1000 bar FIP, 6obTDC FIT, and 0% exhaust gas recirculation. A second order quadratic model with R 2 values of 0.99, 0.99, 0.84, 0.98, 0.82, 0.93 and 0.94 for Torque, BMEP, BTE, mechanical efficiency, BSFC, CO and NOx, respectively, was developed by taking into account all of the input parameters for all of the investigated responses. This model can be used to predict output responses within the experimental analysis ranges, with a maximum combined desirability of 0.863. ANN model may be successfully implemented for better prediction of the engine each output response than RSM-based prediction. Highlights CCD-based DOE was made in the design expert 13 version by considering major influencing CRDI engine parameters. RSM was used to create a second-order polynomial quadratic model for forecasting torque, BMEP, mechanical efficiency, BTE, BSFC, CO and NOx. Furthermore, there was no apparent difference between the fitted values and the experimental data. The optimisation was done to enhance the BMEP, Torque, BTHE, and mechanical efficiency and minimise the BSFC, CO and NOx. The optimum combination for the best performance is obtained when running the engine at the following settings such as 100% EL, 60% fuel blend, 6obTDC of FIT, 1000 bar FIP and 0% EGR. The ANOVA study's findings indicate that EL has a 99% impact on BMEP and torque. The effect of EL on BTHE is 60.3%. EL affects 94.4% of mechanical efficiency. EL controls 55.9% of SFC. CO is influenced by EL, EGR and IT, respectively, by 60.58%, 10% and 5.3%. EGR and IT both affect NOx by 50.5% and 23.9%, respectively. CRDI engine output response prediction accuracy of ANN is better than RSM

Experimental evaluation of performance and emission characteristics of different blends of ecofriendly Hibiscus and Coconut oil mixture on CRDI engine

Present work deals with the study of hybrid biodiesel which is a mixture of Hibiscus and Coconut oil biodiesel. Various blends of the hybrid mixture along with diesel are used in CRDI engine to study different engine performance and emission parameters. This study is carried out at different engine load conditions at compression ratios of 18 and 16. The fuels used in the engine are pure diesel, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% hybrid biodiesel and diesel by volume blends denoted as BD00, BD05, BD10, BD15, BD20, and BD25 respectively. The outcome of the experimentation are presented in terms of performance indicative parameters like brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, air-fuel ratio, and emission parameters like CO2, NOx, smoke, HC, and CO from the engine. It is revelaed that the B20 blend has shown highest thermal efficiency of 28%. BD20 has relatively lower HC and CO emissions at CR16 as well as CR18. Therefore, B20 blend can be used to power diesel engines.

Analyzing the impact of adding aluminum oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles to waste cooking biodiesel on engine performance, combustion and emissions characteristics

The purpose of this research is to analyze the emission, combustion, and performance parameters of a CRDI diesel engine fueled by waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel (B20%), diesel (80%), and their blend with two distinct metal-based nanoparticles cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Transesterification was used to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). An ultrasonication procedure was used to gradually mingle the nanoparticles with a B20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 50 and 100 ppm. The developed nanoparticle fuel samples were designated as (B20 + 50 Al2O3, B20 + 100 Al2O3, B20 + 50 CeO2, B20 + 100 CeO2). The CRDI engine was run at a constant speed with four different engine loads: 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg, and 12 kg. The result showed that the presence of Al2O3 in the blended fuel improved the BTE by 11.39%, reduced the SFC by 13.74%, and increased the cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) by 16.77% and 21.48% respectively compared to B20 fuel at peak load condition. Regarding harmful emissions, CO emissions decreased by 15.06% for B20 + 50 Al2O3 than B20 and HC emissions decreased by 50% for B20 + 50 CeO2 than diesel at peak load. Further, NOx is reduced by 18.29% for B20 + 50 CeO2 than B20 at peak loads.

Influence of fuel components, injection parameters and nano blends on CRDI engine characteristics fuelled with palm and jatropha methyl esters

The present study emphasises on the influence of fuel components and multiple injection parameters on engine characteristics of CRDI engines fuelled by B100 blends of jatropha, palm methyl esters and their nano-blends (MWCNT). At full load conditions, in regard to combustion characteristics, at 100 bTDC and 600 bar, POMWCNT exhibited a 4.5% and 2.4% decrease of NHRR, in the case of performance, JOMWCNT demonstrated a 2.4% BTE increase,1.5% decrease of BSFC at 100 bTDC 800 bar and subject to emissions, for POMWCNT there is a further decrease of 6.66% CO, 0.449% NOx and 9.4% smoke at 100 bTDC, 5.88% CO, 0.736% NOx at 700 bar, 3.27% smoke opacity at 800 bar. Therefore, the present study shows that the CRDI engine characteristics could be enhanced by varying injection parameters and nano blending. Additionally, it also reflects on the impact of fuel components on engine characteristics.

Assessment on Performance and Emission Characteristics of the CRDI Engine Fueled with Ethanol/Diesel Blends in Addition to EGR

In this research, the CRDI engine characteristics were analyzed with the aid of exhaust gas recirculation rate (EGR) adoption fueled with ethanol blends. The test fuels were the various blends with ethanol, such as (10% of ethanol + 90% of diesel) E10D90 (20% of ethanol + 80% of diesel), E20D80, and (30% of ethanol + 70% of diesel) E30D70. From the results, it was revealed that performance characteristics were reduced when using a higher concentration of the alcohols mixed with diesel fuel. The blend E30D70 showed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) without EGR drops by 3.8%, increased by 9.14% of BSFC, a 9.25% decrease in oxides of nitrogen emissions, and slightly decreased CO and HC emissions compared to baseline diesel operation at 60% load condition. The blend E10D90 with 20% EGR shows the highest BTE of 8.87% when compared with base fuel, due to proper fuel mixture taking place in the inlet manifold. The results indicate that the engine runs smoothly, and E30D70 has chosen an optimum blend. A further experiment was performed using E30D70 with different rates of exhaust gas recirculation system. The addition of exhaust gas recirculation with E30D70 in the common rail diesel engine exhibits oxides of nitrogen emission, but in contrast, it was noticed to have inferior performance characteristics and drastically decreased HC and CO emissions. The hydrocarbon emission decreased E10D90, E20D80, and E30D70 at 60% load condition by 21.42%, 37.38%, and 48.76%, respectively. The blends E10D90, E20D80, and E30D70 decreased carbon dioxide by 7.9%, 30.08%, and 31.98%, respectively. The maximum reduction of NOx emission was observed at about 51.06% at an EGR rate of 20% with E30D70.