State Council Research Articles

Analyzing the Development of Vocational Education in China -- Using Dual VET System as an Exemplar

The emphasis on technical and vocational education has become a pivotal focus in addressing the unemployment rate globally. China employs a similar strategy as evident in On The Decision of Developing Technical and Vocational Education in China issued by the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China in 2005. This paper examines Chinas development of technical and vocational education, especially in light of comparison to more advanced models. By analyzing Chinas vocational education against the Dual VET system, this paper summarized three main points that China could improve on, namely policy implementation, career development, and social status. This paper concludes that the advancement of technical and vocational education is a multi-dimensional effort that requires all economic players to invest. Particularly, the responsibility falls on policymakers to make policies that will guide society to put down prejudice and young adults to see the potential in pursuing technical and vocational education.

Challenges and Innovations in Implementing Sustainable Supply Chain Smart Manufacturing in the Metal Recycling Industry

Recently, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly launched the common chain action for integrating and developing the industrial chain of central enterprises (referred to as the common chain action). The government has actively taken measures to promote the modernization of industrial and supply chains, with digital intelligence empowerment becoming a key driving force. In this context, metal recycling companies face new challenges and opportunities in supply chain construction. This paper aims to deeply explore how digital intelligence empowerment affects the supply chain of recycled metal companies, as well as the difficulties faced and innovative solutions.

National State and constitution in the process of Independence

The formation of the National State and its constitutional framework are contextualized within the “restoration period” of the rule of King D.João in Brazil and of the independence process. There were several constitutional projects, and the victorious political-juridical model introduced by the Constitution of 1824 assigned a conservative and stabilizing role to the “Moderating Power”, or “Royal Power”, especially through the Council of State and the Senate. This solution catered to the economically influential sectors of society, which sought a political-legal option equidistant both from absolute monarchy, associated with despotism, and from a republic, associated with Jacobin radicalism.

The Impact of Chinas COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures Release on Japans Air-transportation Industry

On December 7th, 2022, the Chinese State Council held a press conference and released a notification on further optimizing the COVID-19 control policies. This signifies that all COVID-19 pandemic control measures in China have been eased. The transformation in the Chinese government's attitude towards COVID-19 prevention and control has had a significant influence on China's market and most industries. This change has also had an undeniable impact on certain industries, especially the air transportation industry in developed countries around the world, including Japan, which is China's most important neighboring country. This paper focuses on the Japanese air transportation industry, specifically analyzing the Nikkei-500 and TOPIX indices. It collects weekly closing data from April 26th, 2020, to April 23rd, 2023, and utilizes the ARIMA model to analyze the data. The aim is to explore how the Japanese air transportation industry has been affected by the relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic control policies in China. Furthermore, this paper discusses the insights gained from the research findings and provides advice for policymakers and investors.

Социалистическата идеологическа пропаганда в Полша по времето на управлението на Болеслав Берут (1947–1956)

The topic of the study, as the title suggests, is related to the socialist ideological propaganda in Poland which was launched by Polish authorities during the reign of Boleslaw Berut. Beirut’s rule began in February 1947, when he was elected head of state, and ended of his death in March 1956. Between 1947–1952 he was the president of Poland, and from 1948 till 1952 – General secretary of the State Council. This was the period of Stalinism in Poland. During those years, a number of political and economic reforms were carried out in the country: the establishment of Soviet-type socialism, the voting in of new constitution, imposition of the one-party system, nationalization, industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. During this period, the Polish United Worker’s Party carried out large-scale agitation and propaganda activities, characterized by printing and distribution of numerous propaganda materials.

Research on the strategies of promoting the development of teachers' professional ability through intelligent training

With the CPC Central Committee and The State Council attaching great importance to teaching and research work and the introduction of relevant policy documents on the use of new technologies to innovate teaching and research work methods, the form of teachers' teaching and research has undergone earth-shaking changes. The new generation of intelligent technology promotes the new development of teaching and research, and the teaching and research work in the field of basic education across the country has tried to explore the new form of teachers' teaching and research work in the network environment, and the intelligent research and training platform has emerged. The strategy study case of promoting the development of teachers' professional ability by intelligent training is selected from the third batch of "Intelligent training platform application pilot work school" - Guiyang Qinghua Middle School. The eighth grade Chinese team (11 teachers) of the school took "The skill of killing cattle" as an example to carry out research and training activities, explaining its application and practice process -- using the platform to carry out data tracking of the whole process of preparation, grinding, evaluation, discussion, practice and thinking of lessons, helping teachers to promote the progress of teaching and research activities from "Internet" to "informatization" and then to "intelligence". Provide reference for achieving excellent development of professional competence.

Efficiency evaluation and redundancy analysis on low carbon economic development in Guangdong Province.

Since 2020, China has been dedicated to the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" in the international community, demonstrating its commitment to energy conservation and emissions control. In 2021, in response to the guidance of the State Council, all provinces in China included the creation of a low-carbon economic system as one of their key development goals. This paper aims at investigating the low-carbon economic development efficiency and the redundancy of inefficient areas of Guangdong Province by using the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model. Panel data of 21 cities from 2011 to 2020 in Guangdong Province were selected. Results revealed that the low-carbon economic development efficiency in the whole province rises, but the growth rate has slowed down in the past three years. Pearl River Delta area is better-developed in low-carbon economy than others. It is recommended to improve the efficiency of scale, make use of environmental advantages and develop energy-saving and emission reduction technologies.

Communicative Classroom English of Pre-service Teachers

Classroom language shapes the way teachers communicate/ Interact in the classroom. Based on medium of Instruction the teacher has to be aware of the language phrases and expressions appropriate for the classroom situations. The NCF National Curriculum Framework (2005, 2009) of India mentioned the need of classroom English for teachers. The importance of classroom communication is highlighted in the B.ED. syllabuses prepared by the NCERT (National Council for Educational Research and Training) and SCERTs (State Council of Educational Research and Training). The present study considers the need for classroom English for pre-service teachers before they enter the profession. Previous research studies included testing of the classroom English language proficiency of in-service teachers of English subject. In addition to that, current study focuses on pre-service teachers of all subjects and their awareness of classroom English. For this purpose an online test was conducted with 36 pre-service teachers from different B.Ed. Institutions, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India. The results indicate that pre-service teachers should be given training to raise their awareness of Communicative English language phrases and expressions used for different classroom situations such as classroom management, content delivery, and feedback. The study has got implications for verbal and non-verbal classroom communication, and use of L2 (Second language) for classroom purposes.

Research on Quanzhou Tourism Market and Tourism Development Strategies in the Context of Successful Application for Cultural Heritage

The report of the 20th Party Congress puts forward that we should insist on shaping tourism with culture and promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism. Quanzhou, as one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities released by the State Council, is known as "Seaside Zulu". 2021, "Quanzhou: Song and Yuan China's World Maritime Commerce and Trade Center" was successfully bid as China's 56th World Heritage Site. As a city with a relatively developed tourism industry and deep cultural heritage, Quanzhou has many advantages in developing tourism, and should follow the pace of the Central Committee of the CPC to play a leading role in tourism development, actively stimulate domestic demand, and promote high-quality development. Through research and analysis, the project aims to provide reference for Quanzhou's experience in the subsequent development of tourism resources and tourism development, and at the same time make suggestions for the shortcomings.

Analysis of the Framework of Media Reports on Policy Adjustment of Public Health Events -- A Comparative Analysis of Peoples Daily and Times Before and after Lifting of Epidemic Containment Policy in Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic

The Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of State Council of China released the Circular on Further Optimizing the Implementation of Preventive and Control Measures for the New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic on December 7, 2022, marking a dramatic shift in prevention and control policy. Focusing on this policy change, the article compares the reports of two well-known newspapers media before and after this shift and analyzes the adjustments made by Peoples Daily and The Times in the narrative framework and the narrative characteristics they exhibit. This paper focuses only on the reports published by the two newspapers, and conducts a dual analysis based on word frequency and content frame. The results of the analysis show that the frames of the reports of the two media show more obvious differences, and the narrative frames of different media show significant differences.

Exploration of Primary School English Innovative Homework Design Strategies in the Context of “Double Reduction” From a Multi-Dimensional Perspective

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council have issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education, proposing ways to comprehensively reduce the excessive academic burden on students and make homework assignments more scientific and reasonable. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Double Reduction policy, schools and educators have been exploring new modes of homework management, so it is urgent and necessary to conduct related research. This study proposes strategies for optimizing the after-school English homework in the upper elementary grades in multiple subjects from multiple perspectives. Schools should strengthen guidance management training and clarify teachers’ responsibilities; teachers should improve their homework management skills in three aspects: awareness, homework design forms, and homework evaluation; students should improve their homework self-management awareness and ability; and parents should do a good job at home of monitoring and motivating their children.

Research on the Reasons and Impacts of The Implementation of The New Stamp Duty Law and Tax Rate Adjustment

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the Stamp Tax Law of the People's Republic of China, which was officially implemented on July 1, 2022. This is the first official legal document issued for stamp duty since the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Stamp Duty issued by the State Council in 1988. The new stamp tax law redefines the stamp duty items, tax rates, tax bases, etc. on the premise of ensuring that the current tax system framework remains unchanged and the tax burden level is relatively stable. This article will analyze the impact of the reform of the new stamp tax law from the perspective of legislative thinking, market background, etc., and put forward suggestions on the direction of tax law reform based on this.

The Impact of Interest Rate Marketization on Chinas Life Insurance Products

The interest rate is a crucial macroeconomic variable, and the marketization of interest rates is one of the fundamental reforms in the economic and financial domains. China continues to promote market-oriented interest rate reform in accordance with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's strategic deployment, which not only conforms to China's national conditions but also essentially fulfills international norms. While deregulating interest rates in an orderly manner, it places a premium on building and enhancing a market-based interest rate system in which rates are determined by market supply and demand. The People's Bank of China employs monetary policy instruments to influence market interest rates and maximizes the regulatory function of interest rates for macroeconomic activities. This article seeks to assess the issues China's life insurance industry faces from three perspectives: power, product structure, and depth and density. The study then analyzes the impact of marketization of interest rates on China's life insurance business and suggests countermeasures for China's life insurance companies.

Comprehensive Construction of the Interface Structure and Pathways for Building a Sound Relationship between Government and Business

The comprehensive and close relationship between government and business is a distinctive social connection where contemporary political power, administrative resources, and commercial activities interweave. This relationship is a requirement outlined in Article 25 of the 2023 "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy." The comprehensive and close relationship between government and business directly influences the national political and business ecology. This relationship manifests a significant interface structure and a boundary constraint system. The boundary consists of a boundary wall, boundary gate, permeability, and the law of boundary exchange. The boundary constraint system possesses specific functions and value pursuits. Power is the boundary, and interests are the shell; seeking profits through power, defending rights through interests. Power and rights form the interface structure of the political ecology of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business; public and private interests constitute the boundary in the business ecology of this relationship; the integration of politics and business is reflected in permeability and the law of boundary exchange. The balance between power and interests forms the boundary in the political ecology of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business. The expansion of private interests and the abuse of public power are boundaries; the exercise of power and its supervision are shells; profitability and gains are the boundary in the political ecology of the business ecology. Profitability and profits are boundaries; to be or not to be is the shell; political, legal, and business integration form the foundational construction of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business, and it is also the path that structures the boundary system of this relationship. Constructing a boundary system for the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business can enhance the governance capabilities and levels of both the entire political and business ecologies. Political thinking, legal thinking, and business thinking constitute the thinking principles of an integrated government-business boundary system. Compliance, legality, and legitimacy form the integrated boundary structure path for the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business. Rules, systems, and culture can eliminate "politicking without principles and rules" and "business without moral and legal bottom lines." An integrated government-business boundary system can optimize the political-business ecology, creating a fair, transparent, and rule-of-law development environment and fostering a favorable atmosphere for the healthy growth of businesses.

The Old and New Course Selection Methods in Chinese High School: Analysis from Gender Perspectives

After the Ministry of Education and the State Council in China enacted the regulations about the educational revolution in 2014, the new way of course selection in Chinese high schools gradually spread. At the same time, due to the obvious shortcomings of the old course selection method, it is progressively replaced by the new one. Based on the educational revolution, problems such as gender stereotypes still existed and they can influence students choice on course selection. This article compares two ways of course selection and analyses factors that can influence students course choices. In the two different ways of course selection, except for students interests, gender stereotypes from teachers and parents are the main factor affecting students. Meanwhile, these gender stereotypes will always exist in the choice of college majors and future jobs. In the new way of course selection, there is a certain degree of improvement. Therefore, based on the new and better way of course selection, schools and parents should avoid gender stereotypes, guide students to choose suitable courses and meet the personalized development of students.

How to Improve Garbage Classification in Chinese Universities - Based on the Smith Model

In 2017, the Chinese State Council issued the Implementation Plan for Domestic Waste Classification System, mandating waste classification in 46 pilot areas. This led to further development of garbage classification management in Chinese universities. However, most research on garbage classification management in universities has focused solely on education. Using the Smith model for analysis from a public policy perspective, this study identifies four problems with garbage classification management in Chinese universities at all levels: (1) idealistic policies require a long period of practice and a perfect system to be implemented in universities, (2) the old system of implementing agencies hinders the implementation of new policies, (3) the government and universities do not prioritize follow-up policy implementation environments, and (4) there are significant differences in the recognition of the target group. This study proposes three suggestions for the government, society, and schools to address these problems. The government should increase research and development of related public infrastructure, society should unite various social actors to jointly shape a good environment for garbage classification, and schools should guide students to take collective responsibility for garbage classification. Thus, this study proposes a new perspective for the research on garbage classification management in Chinese universities from the perspective of garbage classification policy.

An Overview of Chinas Vocational Education Practices and Implementation Policies from 2018 to 2022

China has given secondary vocational education more and more priority in recent years. In Chinas education community, topics such as student types and training methods are frequently discussed. The nation has released an increasing number of secondary vocational education policies in recent years. This study examines the secondary vocational education policies passed by The State Council of China from 2018 to 2022 in an effort to better understand the development orientation of Chinas secondary vocational education. 364 policies pertaining to secondary vocational education were acquired and coded by Nvivo screening. A questionnaire was created based on the coding results, and it was broken down into six dimensions: the professional teaching degree in the classroom, Internet use, 1+x certificate penetration level, educational resources, the schools promotion of students overall development, and the integration of industry and education. At the same time, special education, which involves the education of the disabled but is rarely included in the policy, is treated as a separate component. For the questionnaire survey, 153 secondary vocational students in total were chosen and dispersed around the nation. Spss and Amos tested the questionnaire. The test passed, and more analysis of the survey results was done.It is determined that while policy implementation is generally going well, there are still issues with student development overall, certificate penetration, and the integration of business and education. This study suggests remedies based on this, such as expanding practical operation training and enhancing school-business collaboration.

Children Left Behind: An Implementation Analysis of Migrant Childrens Education Reform in China

In 2001, the Decisions on Basic Education Reform and Development were issued by the Chinese State Council, against a backdrop of increasing rural-to-urban migration. The Decisions and subsequent policies initiated a decade of reform to improve migrant childrens access to urban public schools. This case study examines why a significant proportion of migrant children still receive no public education in cities despite laws and legislations that promise otherwise. Since the policy implementation process in China is rather opaque, this paper complements the analysis of secondary literature with insights from two interviews with local policy implementers. By examining the organizational structure, central-local dynamics, and street-level actors of the migrant education reform, this paper concludes that the migrant education policies suffer from partial implementation because of: (1) an informal organizational structure with little enforcements mechanisms or oversight; (2) misalignment of interest between the central and local government, and (3) gatekeeping mechanisms that street-level bureaucrats use to ration services. This study is important for shedding light on the organizational structure of policy implementation and identifying the reasons for the failure of ambitious policy objectives to deliver the intended outcome in China.

Sédation et fin de vie du patient mineur : aspects juridiques

At a time when the legislator is preparing to modify the Claeys Léonetti law, it seems useful to recall the legislation in force for minors and the ethical issues of the debate. If the decision to limit or stop active therapy (LATA) concerns a minor, the opinion of the holders of parental authority is requested, unless the emergency makes this consultation impossible. On the other hand, there is no legislative or regulatory obligation to obtain parental consent. The Council of State and the Constitutional Council have opened the way to a complex dispute to understand for caregivers who must, at the request of justice, continue care, which they consider to be unreasonable obstinacy. We will study four cases concerning minors judged by the French Council of State.

Department of Institutions of Empress Maria and Preparation of Fundamental State Laws on April 23, 1906

The article examines the reform of the state system of the Russian Empire in 1905—1906, which culminated in the publication of the Fundamental State Laws on April 23, 1906, which summed up the previous reforms and became the first domestic constitution. It is noted that at the final stage of the preparation of the Fundamental Laws, there was a problem of integrating the Guardianship Council of the Empress Maria’s Institutions into the new political reality. It is emphasized that legislative measures related to this institution were passed through the Guardianship Council, while according to the new Fundamental Laws, all legislative measures were supposed to go through the State Duma and the State Council. For the first time in scientific historiography, based on previously unknown archival materials, the article examines how representatives of the highest imperial bureaucracy, directly involved in preparing the draft Fundamental Laws, solved this problem. Bureaucratic practices and strategies are analyzed. The author concludes that these representatives acted as defenders of the principles of separation of powers and unity of the legislative path, opposing the inclusion of the Guardianship Council’s legislative nature in the Fundamental Laws. It is shown that a similar position was taken by Nicholas II, which predetermined the exclusion of an article about the Guardianship Council from the final version of the Fundamental Laws.