Corporate Information Systems Research Articles

Economic analysis: prospects of development in the conditions of digitalization of economy

The article reviews the main directions of development of the national school of economic analysis. The essence, types, purpose and principles of economic analysis are revealed. It has been established that the main purpose of economic analysis is the identification of the laws and of economic processes, determination of factors of influence on efficiency of activity of the economic entity, defining the priority directions of development. The main types of economic analysis should include: operational, strategic, functional-accident, diagnostic, investment, innovative, marketing and analysis of own financial condition and financial condition of business partners. To ensure the efficiency and reliability of economic analysis promotes adherence to such principles as: science, system, complexity, periodicity, reliability, efficiency, effectiveness, effectiveness and dynamism. At the current stage of development of economic analysis, there is a steady trend towards the use of innovative software products to improve its quality and efficiency. The following main groups of software tools are intended for the digitalization of economic analysis: digitalization tools for financial analysis, digitalization tools for internal analysis of business activities, digitalization tools for investment project analysis, and intelligent analytical systems. Economic analysis software has certain specifics due to the high concentration of analytical procedures and the diversity of forms and content of the resulting data. A study of the experience of business entities in the use of economic analysis software shows that today most enterprises use universal tools due to their easy adaptation, such software products include Microsoft Excel, Financial Analysis, INEC-Analyst, INEC-Investor, INEC-AFSP software package, FinExpert, Audit Expert, Sales Expert, MARKETING Analysis, Financial Analysis, Project Expert, Prime Expert, NIKOS-Soft, and the NS2000 Corporate Information System. These software programs contain a wide range of universal tools designed to analyze the company's business activities and business processes. The analysis of these software products shows that they are not able to fully meet the requirements of modern business, ensure the proper level of quality and efficiency of analysis, and consistency of information between different structural units. In the context of dynamic market development, the determining factor of success is the prompt provision of high-quality and reliable information to the participants of the management process. The modern market is represented by a significant number of innovative software products designed for a single company management system, such software can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of economic analysis and the consistency of information flows between the enterprise's departments. The functionality of such software products as: «SAP ERP», «Oracle ERP», «BAS ERP», «1C: ERP Manufacturing Enterprise Management», «Galaxy ERP».

Digital Technology Employment in Small Business Entities

Digital Transformation is today’s hot process in small business entities like logistics companies, for instance. This trend is happening not only in Uzbekistan but all over World as well. Each second automotive and cutting-edge technologies are being created to maintain the delivery of products to the real customers as quick as possible. Likewise, Logistics companies are encountering largescale automation of corporate information system and trying to be more resistant in the competitive market with the help of digitalization. Likewise, the challenges of automation, new technology and the future of work are some of the most important facing workers today. For trade unions, we must be strong enough to be able to shape change. Understanding potential impacts and opportunities for our members and preparing the appropriate responses are key. This includes enhancing our engagement with industry partners and identifying appropriate education, training and capacity-building needs of our members and workers in the transport chain. Transport workers of today and tomorrow must be equipped with the required knowledge, skills, and expertise for the jobs of tomorrow. In spite of the having of hundreds of research works in this field, there are still a bit uncertainty in understanding the employing the digitalization in small business entities (logistics companies as example). This article reflects the development of digital logistics and transport in the process of globalization, and thus shows how to adapt the concept of information and communication technologies. Moreover, shedding light on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the logistics innovation process of small and medium sized logistics companies.

ZERO TRUST CONCEPT FOR ACTIVE DIRECTORY PROTECTION TO DETECT RANSOMWARE

This scientific article explores the approach to protecting Active Directory from threats associated with ransomware, which are becoming increasingly perilous to corporate information systems. The concept of "zero trust" in the context of Active Directory is defined as an approach aimed at eliminating trust from the security framework and constantly verifying the compliance of users and their devices with configured security policies, context, and other parameters. The article delves into methods and tools that enable the implementation of the zero trust concept within the Active Directory environment, including behavior analysis, network traffic monitoring, and the utilization of advanced security rules. The importance of combining event processing technologies and artificial intelligence for automated detection and response to abnormal activity is also investigated. The research findings indicate the potential to enhance the effectiveness of protecting Active Directory from ransomware threats and ensuring the resilience of corporate networks against them. The adoption of the zero trust concept could be a significant step in ensuring cybersecurity and maintaining the reliability of information resources in modern enterprises

Building an information analysis system within a corporate information system for combining and structuring organization data (on the example of a university)

Digitalization of all spheres of life has led to the fact that organizations store a large amount of information in various data sources. The process of strategic decision-making may involve an in-depth analysis of data on many items of the organization's production cycle. However, data collection in this case can take weeks. This is quite a long time for prompt decision-making. The object of the study is data stored in the corporate information system of the organization, methods of their analysis for making management decisions. The subject of the study is the automation of work with data within the corporate analytical system, the identification of data analysis patterns, as well as the design of an information analysis system of a university. The presented information analysis system will solve the problem of consolidating disparate data of corporate information systems, as well as operational data of the organization. This is ensured by the creation of a metadatabase and the formation of an information analysis system add-on using PowerBI technologies. The generally accepted design scheme of the information system was modernized demonstrating the place of the metadatabase within the corporate information system of the university. A model of data analysis based on the formation of production rules for building a decision tree on the example of human resources analysis is presented. The results of this study can be useful to analysts, executives and senior managers of large organizations in creating an analysis system for the organization's performance

Visualization System for Transparency Requirement Analytics

Access to corporate information systems by consumers via the Internet has increased dramatically over the past several decades. In a separate organization, extensive research has been conducted on the free flow of information generated by both external and internal keywords. Research on transparency should aid the audience in making informed decisions. Few have, however, created clear and compelling visual representations of transparency requirements (stakeholders, data, process, policy, and their relationships) utilizing current information visualization and visual analytics methodologies. Maintaining both the quality and visual representation of transparency requirements is a difficult challenge. In this paper, we propose TranspVis, a new visual analytics tool designed for transparency analytics. It consists of multiple views that aid domain experts in efficiently analyzing, updating, and saving application transparency datasets. TranspVis is an interactive tool for displaying TranspLan (i.e., Transparency Language) representations manually generated by experts utilizing the Shield, Infolet, and SitReq forms. In addition to the new circle view, TranspVis generates and synchronizes these latter representations automatically. TranspVis is evaluated using AWS and WhatsApp policy datasets as two case studies. Results show that TranspVis extends the initial TranspLan representation and significantly improves transparency requirement analytics in terms of visual encoding, interactions, and insight extraction.

Analysis and Justification of the Effect of Digital Transformation of Enterprises and Organizations

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the analysis and justification of the effect of digital transformation of enterprises based on the development of effective business models that support modern digital technologies and ensure increased labour productivity. A critical analysis of the impact of digitalization on business efficiency has been carried out. It is shown that the introduction of modern digital technologies does not automatically increase the efficiency of companies, but it is necessary to carry out changes within the company as part of new business models. An urgent task is set to investigate the models of changes in organizational and economic relations at enterprises as a result of the adaptation of the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour (SOL) in relation to new digital technologies.Materials and methods of research. The article provides an analytical review of a large number of publications devoted to substantiating the effect of digital transformation of enterprises and organizations. As research methods, the analysis of complex changes in the mechanisms of coordination of performers of business processes, redistribution of their functions, and modification of the organizational structure of the enterprise based on the method of Scientific Organization of Labour is proposed. The use of a combination of these methods will allow the implementation of corporate information systems in accordance with a business model adequate to the conditions of the enterprise, taking into account the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour.Results. It is proposed to separate the external and internal aspects of the digital transformation of the enterprise. As an external aspect, the influence of digital technologies on changing business models is justified from the point of view of a new business strategy. As an internal aspect, it is proposed to consider the change in organizational and economic relations of employees of enterprises in production and business processes, taking into account the principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour.Conclusion. The novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of the effect of digital transformation of the enterprise based on the development of principles and methods of Scientific Organization of Labour (SOL); in the systematic consideration of the concept of digital transformation, in which the condition of necessity is the use of adequate digital technologies in the business processes of the enterprise, and the condition of sufficiency is a change in organizational and economic relations within the framework of the business models being implemented. As a recommendation, the need to include research on the adaptation of methods of Scientific Organization of Labour in relation to the digital transformation of domestic enterprises and organizations in national technological initiatives is justified. These studies should be based on the achievements of the Russian scientific school in the fields of system analysis, cybernetics and computer science.

FEATURES OF MODERN ERP-SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE

The need for the importance of effective management of the enterprise's business processes raises urgent problems of its automation with the help of the introduction of modern corporate information systems. ERP systems include the systems that cover the most important business processes of the enterprise and ensure their integration, optimization, as well as balanced management of the resources involved. The essence, architecture and general characteristics of ERP systems, their functionality and implementation at enterprises are considered. An analysis of literary sources was carried out on the study by many scientists of the essence of the concept of ERP systems, their historical development, concept, as well as advantages and disadvantages and economic efficiency. It was determined that ERP systems allow the most effective planning of all commercial activities of a modern enterprise, including financial costs for equipment restoration projects and investments in the production of new products. The relevance of the research, which is determined by the modern needs of managing business processes of an enterprise or company based on ERP systems, is considered. The expediency of using systems of this class is caused by the need to manage business processes in conditions of inflation and severe tax pressure. The purpose of this work is to study the concept of ERP and the functional capabilities of ERP systems for small and medium-sized enterprises. Various interpretations of the essence of the ERP system, the modern market and examples of existing ERP systems of Ukrainian software manufacturers are presented. To understand the functioning of the ERP system, its structure was considered: blocks (platform and modules); three-level client-server architecture (database, application server, user interface); core modules (production management, supply management, financial management, resource management, customer relationship management, project management). It was determined that the architecture of the software product plays a very important role when selecting a system for business optimization; modules of the ERP system allow you to optimize various aspects of the company's work. The peculiarities of the architecture of the IT-Enterprise ERP system and the functionality of the Perfectum CRM+ERP system for automating business processes of the enterprise are considered. The general characteristics of the systems for the execution of business processes of the enterprise are presented and the most common approach to the classification of ERP systems for the automation of the enterprise's business is determined. The functionality of the Perfectum CRM+ERP system for small and medium-sized businesses is considered. The author proposed the use of such systems for small and medium-sized businesses.

A New Dynamic and Perspective Parsimonious AHP Model for Improving Industrial Frameworks

Multi-criteria decision methods (MCDMs) are used as an effective tool to support decision makers (DMs) in critical decision processes. These methods are used in several fields of application by analyzing static decision-making problems in which it is assumed that the decision is made at a precise moment. By increasing the complexity of decision-making problems and operating in increasingly competitive production sectors, very often analyzing a decision-making problem in a static way is not enough. This paper deals with considering the temporal variable in the construction of a dynamic MCDM, which takes into account historical and current data in order to learn from the past; and prospective also allowing to have a forecasting perspective of future data through the use of techniques that work in this sense. Our approach was tested in a multinational company in the manufacturing sector. The results show that the use of dynamic approaches allows DMs to obtain more precise alternative rankings given the information they exploit from the past; furthermore, the use of the prospective model, integrated with the dynamic one, makes it possible to provide greater detail on the possible future rankings of the alternatives that update their positions based on the feedback received. The approach allows for drawing advantages from a management point of view as it defines a complete decision support tool for the choices related to the planning and control of production processes. Our approach can be implemented in corporate information systems. Furthermore, the involvement of the DM in the construction of the model helps to define a learning process that feeds the decision-making process by generating greater awareness of the DM on the choices to be made.

EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CURRENT CRISYS CONDITIONS

Data Mining is the detection in structured and unstructured data, previously unknown or hidden patterns and knowledge in the primary, accumulated as a result of business transactions, in order to form an appropriate knowledge base and make sound and optimal business decisions. It can be argued that in today's global economy, and with the emergence of new sectors of economic activity, the hybrid application of Data Mining and Big Data technologies leads to additional competitive advantages, and thus increase investment attractiveness and capitalization. The above trends and peculiarities of the application of automated Knowledge Management should be taken into account in further research and practical projects and real projects of effective implementation and use of Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence technologies in corporate information systems. The obtained results are relevant and applicable not only for local companies and organizations, but also for international applications in the context of global, national and regional (not only economic, but also pandemic, military, natural disaster etc) crisis phenomena.

USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS WITH FUZZY LOGIC ELEMENTS TO OPTIMIZE THE DATABASE STRUCTURE

Context. Informational systems are very common and use databases to store information that users need. Many different data models can be used but the relational model is still relevant. The last decade show tendency of using distributed databases while working with relational data model and this approach requires a specially designed module to synchronize data of all separate databases. Considering optimizing the database structure, researchers didn’t pay much attention to the potential of users’ SQL-queries history. The optimal structure of all the distributed nodes could reduce the necessity of synchronization while the data access speed and its actuality would remain stable. The object of the research is the process of optimizing the structure of the distributed database of corporate information systems, which are based on the relational database’s model. Objective. The research aims at improving the accuracy of the data representation marker’s value on the distributed corporate information system’s (DCIS) node, obtained using the analytic hierarchy process by applying the fuzzy logic elements while processing the alternatives’ global priority vector. Method. The research’s authors in the set of their previous works emphasize the potential of using the collected history of users’ SQL queries. Firstly presented technology of users’ queries parsing. Then, the idea of using the multidimensional database for analyzing users’ queries by slices of workstation type, application, user, and his/her position was considered. Finally, the authors gave the full-scaled mathematical model for formalizing database and query models, and criteria of database structure’s optimality.The current research continues the given sequence and tries to increase the efficiency of the decision support system, by introducing elements of fuzzy logic to the analytic hierarchy process algorithm. The approach’s main idea is in presenting the global priorities vector in the form of a series of fuzzy sets of one variable with subsequent transformation to the exact value. This approach made it possible to maintain the accuracy of the obtained result while decreasing the number of solution alternatives. For new tuples added to the database’s tables after all calculations had been performed, the problem was formalized. After obtaining the probability of a tuple belonging to the class “needed” and performing the normalization of the value, it is taken as the level of the representation marker. Accordingly, the data is loaded onto the node if this value is greater than the optimal level of the representation marker for the DCIS node. Results. After calculating and obtaining the alternatives global priorities’ vector in order to improve the accuracy of the obtained result, the apparatus of fuzzy sets was used. The obtained vector of global priorities was presented as a vector of fuzzy digits for the data representation marker with subsequent transformation to the exact value. This approach made it possible to maintain the accuracy of the obtained result while decreasing the number of solution alternatives. Conclusions. While working on the research, the concept of a data representation marker on the DCIS node for the elements of the SQL query model was introduced. An aggregation function has been developed that allows determining the level of need for attributes and tuples in the database’s relation for the DCIS node based on the statistics of SQL queries. A model of the dependence of the database structure’s optimality criteria on the value of the data representation marker is built. Received further development method of analytic hierarchy process. The initialization of the alternatives’ pairwise comparisons matrix can be performed automatically according to the obtained mathematical models. Representation of the obtained result in the form of the vector of fuzzy numbers with the reduction to the exact value allows increasing the accuracy of the obtained results.

MODERN ECONOMY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MAIN TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BSR

The article considers the main stages of development of social business standards and the evolutionary path that led to the formation of the concept of "digital space of socially sustainable business development." Based on the study of trends inherent in modern society, it is determined what characteristics a company's business model should have in order to gain the key benefits of specificity in the market. Defined as requirements define information technology IT technology. Research by consulting firm Cartner and business trends altered by quarantine conditions related to the Covid-19 pandemic shows that global trends in the business environment are increasingly leaning toward digitalization and the creation of new digital business models. That is why it is proposed to define a new paradigm for the development of corporate social responsibility in the context of digitalization. However, on the basis of the new paradigm, key elements have been identified that will allow the formation of new CIS CSR standards. It is also proposed to consider an integrated approach that combines the concepts of sustainable development, social responsibility and digitalization in a single format "digital space for enterprise sustainability." To support this format, an integrated corporate information system is proposed, which includes three blocks: a digital business infrastructure, an information and communication system and a system for managing digital business processes at the enterprise. This will determine the algorithm for upgrading the existing system or implementing a new IS, the key idea of which will be the concept of sustainable development of the enterprise with elements of corporate social responsibility.

Verification of the computing process of the corporate information system

Objective. The article discusses the issue of verifying the computing process of a corporate information system. The purpose of the article is to verify the computing process of a corporate information system. Method. The method of verifying the computational process of a corporate information system is a graphic-analytical model and a software model of the computational process.Result. The result is a successful verification of the computing process of the corporate information system. Conclusion. The conclusion of the article is that the computational process of a corporate information system can be verified using graphic-analytical and software models. The process of verification of the computing process of a corporate information system is presented on the example of a corporate information system 1C: Enterprise. The computational process goes through the architecture of the corporate information system and performs its tasks.

FORMATION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE INFORMATION AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE SHIPBUILDING CLUSTER

The aim of the article is to develop the mechanisms of the information and logistics system of enterprises and organizations engaged in the design, construction, operation of transport vessels in order to maintain competitive positions on the inland waterways of Ukraine and in the river transport system of the European Union. The organization and functioning of the cluster has a positive impact on the search for consensus with all participants in river transport. The strategic guidelines of the cluster have been formed, where the participants combine resources to achieve the goals. An analysis has been carried out, which made it possible to determine the prerequisites for the creation of a national cluster of shipbuilding and ship repair. The functional and structural interaction of enterprises included in the business cluster for the construction and operation of transport ships has been developed. The basis for the organization of financial infrastructure is the creation of a specialized leasing company. The basis of the information and logistics system of the shipbuilding cluster is the production process, which is formed by the features of project-oriented production. The enterprises included in the business cluster are offered to describe business processes through reengineering mechanisms using the methodology of functional and structural modeling of logistics business processes, create a centralized electronic database and a single information network. The corporate information system combines the resources of a business cluster on the basis of a single information space.

Application of Bayesian e-mail filtering to detect spam

A study of the impact of spam messages and modern threats on the process of e-mail exchange in the corporate information system was conducted. The role of spam and its influence in corporate information systems has been studied. Peculiarities of countermeasures and technologies for e-mail protection against spam have been studied. On the basis of the research carried out in the work, a Bayesian classifier was developed for filtering e-mails of postal exchange in the corporate information system.

Project Implementation of Corporate Information Systems (ERP and MES) as a Guarantee for Increasing the Operational Efficiency of the Enterprise

This article delves into the intricacies of implementing corporate information systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Manufacturing Execution System (MES). It has been established that the implementation of ERP and MES ensures increased operational efficiency of the enterprise by automating various processes. Additionally, the MES system controls multiple production stages, from raw material input to finished product shipment, thereby reducing errors and increasing task execution speed. ERP and MES also facilitate data and information consistency between different departments, providing all levels of management access to the same company information, streamlining the decision-making process. Furthermore, ERP allows for the collection of data on finance, personnel, logistics, and production in one system, making the planning and decision-making process simpler. The MES system can be used to determine task execution time and distribute it among workers based on their skills and abilities. Lastly, ERP and MES enable companies to prioritize tasks, control their execution, automate processes, improve task execution quality and speed, and ensure data and information consistency between different departments. The article discusses the importance of corporate information systems (CIS) in modern companies with a priority of maintaining a competitive position. The key components of such a system are enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution systems (MES), which ensure the integrity, accuracy, and speed of data exchange between all company units. Implementing ERP and MES is a guarantee of increasing the company's operational efficiency in complex production conditions. CIS help companies ensure data and information unity between different departments, enabling quick and efficient decision-making processes.

Corporate Information ERP and MES Systems in the Strategic Development and Improvement of the Operational Efficiency of Enterprises

The relevance of the study of prospects for increasing operational efficiency and transformation of business processes of domestic industrial enterprises due to the implementation of corporate information ERP- and MES-systems is substantiated. It was determined that the key to a successful enterprise development strategy is to increase their operational efficiency through the digital transformation of production and other basic business processes. Digital transformation involves at least the implementation of ERP- and MES-systems for forecasting stocks of raw materials and materials, ensuring a smooth production process, timely fulfillment of orders, carrying out inventory of stocks; projecting the level of use of machines and equipment, planning repairs and terms of technical maintenance of equipment, optimization of supplier selection, drawing up budgets and controlling the expenditure of material and other resources, administration, control and monitoring of all enterprise processes. The implementation of such corporate information systems depends on the specifics of enterprises implementing ERP- and MES-systems. The need for constant monitoring of changes and offers of the corporate information systems industry to modern enterprises to track and implement the technological achievements of the leading players in the field of enterprise resource planning (MES and ERP) into the practice of functioning to ensure strategic development and increase operational efficiency is substantiated. A promising direction is the study of the dynamics of transformational processes of the own business processes of industrial enterprises thanks to programs and projects of increasing operational efficiency on the basis of ERP- and MES-systems.

ЦИФРОВОЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ - УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 4.0

The article addresses how the education system can be modernized through digital transformation and the construction of a Digital University, also known as a University 4.0. The main challenges of implementing a new educational system are discussed, as well as approaches to solving them.The introduction of new procedures for the design, production, systematization, storage, and transmission of educational content, as well as the modernization of the management and administration of the educational process, are the major tasks in developing a new electronic university. The introduction of e-learning is based on integrated organizational and functional structures, IT architectures with their own rules, responsibilities, people, processes, systems of interaction and relationships, i.e. a new business structure that is built into the university system's overall corporate information system and business architecture.The article describes the university's business processes, services, and IT infrastructure that support the University 4.0's smooth operation.

LIMITING EFFECT OF NETWORK RESOURCES ON VPN IMPLEMENTATION

In the modern conditions of developed information systems, the advantages of creating virtual private networks cannot be underestimated. But before mentioning the clearest and most useful ways to create virtual private networks, it is necessary to understand its meaning. Nowadays, the question of how to communicate with the corporate information system is important for users. Here they will need a broadband connection, regardless of whether they use a fixed network or Wi-Fi, as it is not uncommon for users to work on the road. Today, virtual technologies are becoming more popular, they occupy a high place in modern companies. Because they allow you to prevent the voice server from connecting to one workplace. It is not always necessary to keep employees in the office to get information about the services, there is no need to be there, it is enough to use a remote connection. Many institutions have implemented a fixed or mobile solution, which provides effective connection of mobile employees through the terminal. Many networks are now connected via the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to take certain measures for the security of such a large system, because any computer can gain access to the network of any institution, the risk of breaking the computer is much higher without any physical effort

About Modeling Data Mining in Corporate Information Systems

About Modeling Data Mining in Corporate Information Systems

УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: СУТЬ, ВИДИ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ

The article reveals the need to consider information flows at transport enterprises, in particular, automobile ones. Considered types of information in the logistics system, namely functional and pragmatic. The factors of the microand macro-environment and their components of the formation of information flows of the enterprise are determined. The concept of the flow of discrete information and monitoring information about a competitor of the enterprise, taking into account its validity and intentions, is revealed. A generalized classification scheme of information flows at the enterprise is given. Information flow management support is listed. The types of information flows are analyzed depending on the features of classification and their content is revealed. Considered information flows in the logistics direction of the enterprise. The concept of information capabilities (potential) of the manager and information resources of the enterprise and their role for the success of the organization are disclosed. Controlling of checking the information flow within the enterprise for quality analysis and interpretation of information, which is necessary to improve the enterprise's activity indicators, is provided. The considered information service system as a means of managing the enterprise's corporate information system. The role of information flows in the activities of enterprise managers is revealed and the stages of their actions regarding the adoption of a management decision are given. Modern information technologies of information flows are given, namely: when the information flow precedes the material flow, accompanies the material flow and lags behind it, which affects the result of the management decision. The main criteria for the quality of the functioning of the corporate information system and the criteria of compliance, which form the quality of information that enters the internal corporate turnover, are considered. These are timeliness, truthfulness, relevance, usefulness, completeness and comprehensibility of information. The document processing automation program "BAS Document Processing KORP" is considered, which is used to optimize the organization and control of the company's data accounting. The essence, norms and role of document flow in the organization and the necessity of its automation in order to increase the productivity of employees and the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole are determined.