Coordination Styles Research Articles

Features of hand-foot crawling behavior in human adults

Interlimb coordination of crawling kinematics in humans shares features with other primates and nonprimate quadrupeds, and it has been suggested that this is due to a similar organization of the locomotor pattern generators (CPGs). To extend the previous findings and to further explore the neural control of bipedal vs. quadrupedal locomotion, we used a crawling paradigm in which healthy adults crawled on their hands and feet at different speeds and at different surface inclinations (13°, 27°, and 35°). Ground reaction forces, limb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity from 26 upper and lower limb muscles on the right side of the body were collected. The EMG activity was mapped onto the spinal cord in approximate rostrocaudal locations of the motoneuron pools to characterize the general features of cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord activation. The spatiotemporal pattern of spinal cord activity significantly differed between quadrupedal and bipedal gaits. In addition, participants exhibited a large range of kinematic coordination styles (diagonal vs. lateral patterns), which is in contrast to the stereotypical kinematics of upright bipedal walking, suggesting flexible coupling of cervical and lumbosacral pattern generators. Results showed strikingly dissimilar directional horizontal forces for the arms and legs, considerably retracted average leg orientation, and substantially smaller sacral vs. lumbar motoneuron activity compared with quadrupedal gait in animals. A gradual transition to a more vertical body orientation (increasing the inclination of the treadmill) led to the appearance of more prominent sacral activity (related to activation of ankle plantar flexors), typical of bipedal walking. The findings highlight the reorganization and adaptation of CPG networks involved in the control of quadrupedal human locomotion and a high specialization of the musculoskeletal apparatus to specific gaits.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Europium Trifluoroacetate Complexes with 1,10‐Phenanthroline and 2,2′‐Bipyridine

AbstractTwo europium trifluoroacetate complexes, Eu(CF3COO)3·phen (1) and Eu(CF3COO)3·bpy (2) (where phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TA). Single‐crystal X‐ray structure has been determined for the complex [Eu2(CF3COO)6·(phen)3·(H2O)2]·EtOH. The crystal structure of [Eu2(CF3COO)6·(phen)3·(H2O)2]·EtOH shows that two different coordination styles with europium ions coexist in the same crystal and have entirely different coordination geometries and numbers. This crystal can be considered as an 1:1 adduct of [Eu(CF3COO)3·(Phen)2·H2O]·EtOH (9‐coordination part) and Eu(CF3COO)3·phen·H2O (8‐coordination part). The excitation spectra of the two complexes demonstrate that the energy collected by "antenna ligands" is transferred to Eu3+ ions efficiently. The room‐temperature PL spectra of the complexes are composed of the typical Eu3+ ions red emission, due to transitions between 5D0→7FJ(J=0→4). The lifetimes of 5D0 of Eu3+ in the complexes were examined using time‐resolved spectroscopic analysis, and the lifetime values of Eu(CF3COO)3·phen and Eu(CF3COO)3·bpy were fitting with bi‐exponential (2987 and 353 µs) and monoexponential (3191 µs) curves, respectively. In order to elucidate the energy transfer process of the europium complexes, the energy levels of the relevant electronic states had been estimated. The thermal analyses indicate that they are all quite stable to heat.

The Relevance Between the Preferring Color and Coordination Style from Selecting the Undergraduate Students

The Relevance Between the Preferring Color and Coordination Style from Selecting the Undergraduate Students

Color difference caused by chirality

Synthesis, crystal structure and spectra properties of enantiopure and corresponding racemic Cu(II)-dipyridine amido complexes are reported. The different coordination styles result in the unexpected chiral-unrelated color changes between chiral and racemic complexes. Molecular packing in the crystal of the racemic - 1 . ( R,R ) and ( S,S ) molecules pack alternately with intermolecular Cu–O bond length of 2.451 Å. ► Chiral-unrelated optical properties could be affected by molecular chirality. ► A racemic and corresponding Enantiopure complex showed different color in crystal. ► The color difference came from the different coordination style of Cu.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fluorescence Property of Rare Earth Complex [Er(H2L)(HL)(H2O)]2 [Er(HL)(H2O)4(OH)]· (H2O)3

A novel erbium (III) complex, [Er(H 2 L)(HL)(H 2 O)] 2 [Er(HL)(H 2 O) 4 (OH)]· (H 2 O) 3 , (H 3 L, being a aroylhydrazone ligand N-(2-propionic acid)-salicyloyl hydrazone) has been synthesized and the crystal structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 7.735(3)Å, b = 14.734(5) Å, c = 17.957(7) Å, α = 101.984(6)°, β = 97.990(6)°, γ = 90.420(6)°, V = 1981.1(12) Å 3 and Z = 2. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results suggest that the ligands have two different coordination styles in the crystalline state. It crystallizes with two independent molecules in the complex. Each erbium(III) atom is eight-coordinate and has a distorted dodecahedron geometry. Fluorescence property of the complex has been tested with an excitation wavelength 300 nm at room temperature.

The MACODO middleware for context-driven dynamic agent organizations

One of the major challenges in engineering distributed multiagent systems is the coordination necessary to align the behavior of different agents. Decentralization of control implies a style of coordination in which the agents cooperate as peers with respect to each other and no agent has global control over the system, or global knowledge about the system. The dynamic interactions and collaborations among agents are usually structured and managed by means of roles and organizations. In existing approaches agents typically have a dual responsibility: on the one hand playing roles within the organization, on the other hand managing the life-cycle of the organization itself, for example, setting up the organization and managing organization dynamics. Engineering realistic multiagent systems in which agents encapsulate this dual responsibility is a complex task. In this article, we present a middleware for context-driven dynamic agent organizations. The middleware is part of an integrated approach, called MACODO: Middleware Architecture for COntext-driven Dynamic agent Organizations. The complementary part of the MACODO approach is an organization model that defines abstractions to support application developers in describing dynamic organizations, as described in Weyns et al. [2010]. The MACODO middleware offers the life-cycle management of dynamic organizations as a reusable service separated from the agents, which makes it easier to understand, design, and manage dynamic organizations in multiagent systems. We give a detailed description of the software architecture of the MADOCO middleware. The software architecture describes the essential building blocks of a distributed middleware platform that supports the MACODO organization model. We used the middleware architecture to develop a prototype middleware platform for a traffic monitoring application. We evaluate the MACODO middeware architecture by assessing the adaptability, scalability, and robustness of the prototype platform.

Context-aware mobile coordination system for emergency response

This article proposes how context-aware Information Technologies can assist emergency response teams. Contextual information about an emergency responder’s activities such as current status and location can be automatically transmitted to other responders using criteria such as physical proximity and relevance. In this manner, ad hoc (peer-to-peer) emergency response teams can be coordinated via notifications of status updates (changes in location, task updates, personnel availability, and so on). The article argues that a peer-to-peer, context-aware coordination approach can be proved to be more effective than hierarchical command and control style of coordination in certain emergency response situations.

大田区モノづくりと研究開発マッチング : 中小企業の知識移転における最良の結節点を探して

This paper focuses on knowledge coordinators as part of the knowledge transfer process in small-medium enterprises (SMEs). The findings of the analysis of 23 case studies and various coordination styles are presented. Within these. particular attention has been given to the symbiotic relationship between enterprises and graduate students. Among others. it is found that manufacturing companies. when in the process of knowledge research. acquire knowledge mainly through business transactions, but when in the need for innovative solutions, they tend to acquire knowledge from outer spheres. This is where graduate students can take responsibility.

Synthesis, Characterization and Ethylene Oligomerization Studies of Nickel Complexes Bearing 2-Benzimidazolylpyridine Derivatives

A series of nickel complexes ligated by 2-(2-benzimidazole)-6-methylpyridine, 2-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazole)-6-acetylpyridine, and 2-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazole)-6-(1-aryliminoethyl)pyridine was synthesized and examined by IR spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Their molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. On activation with diethylaluminum chloride (Et2AlCl), all the nickel complexes exhibited good catalytic activities for ethylene oligomerization, and the nickel(II) complexes bearing 2-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazole)-6-(1-aryliminoethyl)pyridines showed good activities up to 5.87 × 105 g mol-1(Ni) h-1 atm-1. The various reaction parameters were investigated in detail, and the results revealed that both the steric and electronic effects of ligands strongly affect the catalytic activities of their nickel complexes as well as different coordination style.

Instituições, Grupos e Seus Modos de Coordenação: Intersecções no Campo da Saúde Mental

The present article starts from the hypothesis that the coordinator handling of an workshop in Social Psychology Attention Center (CAPS) is distinguished from the coordination of a workshop at the Center for Shared and Cooperated Living (CECCO), over all as for the Freudian conception of phenomenon of mass, presented by Freud in 1920, in Group psychology and analysis of the ego. Adopting the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, the author describes the characteristics of two institutions, and analyzes the institutional demand that falls again on the groups and, thus, designates some differences in relation to group functioning and coordination style in view of the respective intersections in Mental Health field.

Soma

Current mobile and distributed applications are being developed using J2ME, J2EE, CORBA, DCOM, etc. Developing applications for distributed and mobile systems is a tedious process, because the applications in these systems are open for change in requirements. So providing a language support for application development in open systems is vital. Component-oriented programming is well suited for open systems [1]. The component interactions is the key issue in composition languages. Software systems can be viewed in two distinct ways. A running system can be seen as a collection of interacting entities. However, at the level of system specification we can view the system as a composition of various software components [1]. To specify systems consisting of interacting components, a composition language is required. Applications built in these languages satisfy the requirements of an open system. Thus there is a need to develop a composition language. The key challenge is to define a set of operators in the language which represent different coordination styles.

Synthesis, structures and electrochemical properties of ruthenium (II) complexes bearing bidentate 1,8-naphthyridine and terpyridine analogous (N,N,C)-tridentate ligands

1,8-Naphthyridine (napy) and terpyridine-analogous (N,N,C) tridentate ligands coordinated ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru L(napy-κ 2 N, N′) (dmso)](PF 6) 2 ( 1: L= L 1= N″-methyl-4′-methylthio-2,2′:6′,4″-terpyridinium, 2: L = L 2 = N″-methyl-4′-methylthio-2,2′:6′,3″-terpyridinium) were prepared and their chemical and electrochemical properties were characterized. The structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic study, showing that it has a distorted octahedral coordination style. The cyclic voltammogram of 1 in DMF exhibited two reversible ligand-localized redox couples. On the other hand, the CV of 2 shows two irreversible cathodic peaks, due to the Ru–C bond of 2 containing the carbenic character. The IR spectra of 1 in CO 2-saturated CH 3CN showed the formation of Ru-(η 1-CO 2) and Ru–CO complexes under the controlled potential electrolysis of the solution at −1.44 V (vs. Fc/Fc +). The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 catalyzed by 1 at −1.54 V (vs. Fc/Fc +) in DMF-0.1 M Me 4NBF 4 produced CO with a small amount of HCO 2H.

Special issue on ubiquitous mobile information and collaboration systems (UMICS)

Over the last few years, most business processes have changed on various dimensions (e.g., flexibility, interconnectivity, coordination style, autonomy) due to market conditions, organizational models, and usage scenarios of information systems. Frequently, information is relocated within a geographically distributed system according to rules that are only seldom defined as a well codified business process. This creates need for a software infrastructure that enables ubiquitous mobile information and collaboration systems (UMICS). The anywhere/any time/any means paradigm is becoming the major challenge in conceiving, designing, and releasing the next-generation information systems. New technologies, such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) and third-generation (3G) mobile phones, are offering the infrastructure to conceive information systems as ubiquitous information systems, that is, systems that are accessible from anywhere, at any time, and with any device. Ubiquity is not yet another buzzword pushed by emerging technologies, but is mainly a means to support new business models and encourage new ways of working. This new wave of UMICS will exploit the knowledge developed and deployed for conventional information systems, but will also need new concepts, models, methodologies, and supporting technologies to fully exploit the potentials of the enabling infrastructure and to be ready for the challenge. Moreover, people need to move across organizational boundaries and collaborate with others within an organization, as well as between organizations. The ability to query the company’s distributed knowledge base and to cooperate with co-workers is still a requirement, but mobility brings new access scenarios and higher complexity. Therefore, some issues also arise about how to enable users to retain their ability to cooperate while displaced in different points of the enterprise, the role of context and location in determining cooperation, and the support for ad hoc cooperation in situations where the fixed network infrastructure is absent or cannot be used. The eight papers presented in this special issue represent an overview of the 2nd International Workshop on Ubiquitous Mobile Information and Collaboration Systems 2004 (UMICS), co-located with the 16th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 7–8 June 2004 in Riga, Latvia. The contributions cover four areas: data and context management, coordination and control, application frameworks, and process modeling. Each of the papers offers valuable lessons on various aspects of UMICS. Furthermore, they provide insights into an emerging community of research topics, with scientists from various backgrounds working on them. We believe that the authors have succeeded in this pioneering work and we would like to thank them for submitting their work to UMICS 2004 and the extended versions to this special issue. We also would like to thank all reviewers who helped select and refine the papers and the editorial team at Springer for being an excellent partner. We hope to see you at future UMICS workshops! L. Baresi (&) AE M. Matera Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy E-mail: baresi@elet.polimi.it E-mail: matera@elet.polimi.it

Volunteer and coordinator perspectives on managing women volunteers

AbstractRecent changes in Australia, such as the new public management and national competition policy, have affected the way that human services are provided and have complicated the role of volunteer coordinators. However, because volunteers are free to choose their level of contribution, it is the volunteers' perspective that is the ultimate yardstick against which their coordination is assessed. The aim of the research examined here was a deeper understanding of women volunteers' and their coordinators' views of their work. The research was conducted within a qualitative paradigm, employing individual and focus group interviews. The analysis identified eight areas of concern for volunteers around their management. The analysis of the coordinators' interviews revealed three coordination styles—horizontal, nurturing, and managerial—of which the managerial was most in conflict with the volunteers' perspective.

Patient coordination style during the first session of therapy: relationship with early alliance, patient's characteristics and outcomes

(from the journal abstract) In the past two decades, psychotherapy researchers and clinicians postulated that the therapeutic alliance is a key component in psychotherapy. Meta-analyses confirm this assumption and conclude that alliance is a powerful predictor of therapeutic outcome for various forms of treatments, problems and patients. In the literature, various measures of alliance are mentioned but not much is known about the behavioral correlates and the nature of this process. The coordination construct is a way to analyze the micro-process involved in the interactional process. Defined by Westerman and Foote (Psychotherapy 1995;32:222-32) as how well a patient relates his or her contributions in the exchange to the therapist's contributions and to the patient's own contributions at other points in time, the patient's coordination style (PCS) focuses on the complex interaction process and defensive pattern involved in the problematic patient's behavior. Our hypothesis is that the coordination construct involves conversational collaboration needed to create a strong alliance. The aim of the study is to investigate this hypothesis by analyzing the interaction between patient and therapist. Furthermore, the influence of patient's characteristic on patient's coordination style at the beginning of the therapy is explored. Moreover, in line with findings in the alliance literature, we expect to find a relationship between coordination style and therapeutic outcome. The data consisted in 60 self-referred outpatients with anxiety and depressive disorders (with/without cluser C personality disorders) that completed the Brief Psychodynamic Intervention in the Adult Psychiatry outpatient unit of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Coordination style was assessed at the first session by means of the coordination scales and alliance was measured by the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (Haq-I), patient's version administrated after each session of treatment. Patient's characteristics are measured in terms of global symptomatic distress (SCL-90), social adjustment (SAS), interpersonal problems (IIP) and overall level of defensive functioning (DMRS). Outcome of treatment consists of reduction in symptomatic distress (SCL-90, KAMA, HDRS) and positive evolution of social adjustment. As predicted, patient coordination style was closely related to the therapeutic alliance as assessed by the patient. Furthermore, patient's coordination style in the first session was a good predictor of the development of the alliance during early sessions of Brief Psychodynamic Intervention. Results showed that coordination was largely influenced by patient's characteristics. The global symptomatic distress, the level of social maladjustment and specific interpersonal problems (hostility and domineering) were correlated to a non-coordinated style. However, coordination was not related to outcome in Brief Psychodynamic Intervention. With regard to these results, the specific roles of therapist and patient in developing early alliance are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)

Optically Active Tropocoronands Having Amino Acid Residues in Linker Chains: Syntheses, Metal Coordination Properties, and Their Abilities as an Asymmetric Catalyst

Optically active tropocoronands (7) having L-amino acid moieties were synthesized by stepwise and one-pot reactions of tropolone derivatives with amino acid linker chains. The coordination styles of their Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes and the abilities as an asymmetric catalyst were investigated.

Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes with nicotinate in different coordination style

Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes with nicotinate in different coordination style

Policy Styles and the Swiss Executive Federalism: Comparing Diverging Styles of Cantonal Implementation of the Federal Law on Unemployment

This article focuses on the implementation of the federal law on unemployment insurance (LACI) by the Swiss cantons. Starting in the mid 90s, the second revision of the LACI reformed the Swiss labour market policy. Resulting from a political compromise at the federal parliament between left and right wing parties, this law juxtaposes instruments of reinsertion of the unemployed into the labour market with instruments of control of the unemployed. Thus, the implementation of this federal law varies not only by the degree of application but also by the orientation of application. Some cantons implement the reinsertion instruments and neglect the control instruments, others make intensive use of the control instruments and neglect the reinsertion instruments. Some cantons make an intensive use of both types of instruments while a last group of cantons implements the law in a very sketchy way. The second part of this article deals with the concept of policy style, operationalised around four variables, as an explanation of the diversity of LACI cantonal implementation modes. One quantitative variable—the scope of state intervention—is statistically tested in the entire range of Swiss cantons. The other variables—style of state intervention, co‐ordination and interaction modes of social actors and the main traits of the regional political culture—are examined in six cantonal case studies of the LACI implementation process.

Goal-Equivalent Joint Coordination in Pointing: Affect of Vision and Arm Dominance

This study used the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach to study joint coordination underlying the control of task-related variables important for success at reaching and pointing to targets. More combinations of joint motions are available to the control system to achieve task success than are strictly necessary. How this abundance of motor solutions is managed by the nervous system and whether and how the availability of visual information affects the solution to joint coordination was investigated in this study. The variability of joint angle combinations was partitioned into 2 components with respect to control of either the hand's path or the path of the arm's center of mass (CM). The goal-equivalent variability (GEV) component represents trial-to-trial fluctuations of the joint configuration consistent with a stable value of the hand or CM path. The other component, non-goal-equivalent variability (NGEV), led to deviations away from the desired hand or CM path. We hypothesized a style of control in which the NGEV component is selectively restricted while allowing a range of goal-equivalent joint combinations to be used to achieve stability of the hand and CM paths. Twelve healthy right-handed subjects reached across their body to the center of a circular target with both the right and left arms and with their eyes open or closed on different trials. When repeating the task with the same arm under identical task conditions, subjects used a range of goal-equivalent joint configurations to control the entire trajectory of both the hand's and the arm's CM motion, as well as the terminal position of the pointer-tip. Overall joint configuration variability was consistently larger in the middle of the movement, near the time of peak velocity. The style of joint coordination was qualitatively similar regardless of the arm used to point or the visual condition. Quantitative differences in the structure of joint coordination were present for the non-dominant arm, however, when pointing in the absence of vision of the hand and target. The results of this study suggest that the nervous system uses a control strategy that provides for a range of goal-equivalent, rather than unique, joint combinations to stabilize the values of important task-related variables, while selectively restricting joint configurations that change these values. The possible advantage of this style of control is discussed. Absence of vision during reaching affected joint coordination only quantitatively and only for the less skilled left arm, suggesting that the role of visual information may be greater when organizing the motor components of this arm.

JMS-Java-Based Meeting Space

The convergence of business, technology, and market forces have brought about the computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) phenomena. Many CSCW systems adopt an inflexible style of collaboration and coordination. The problem becomes obvious when different application tools are integrated into a single, comprehensive CSCW system and various applications need different degrees of interaction mode. We introduce JMS (Java-based meeting space), an object-oriented framework for developing synchronous collaborative applications. The JMS framework provides a comprehensive collection of services that supports cooperative interaction at system level. The application developers can tailor some of these services to the specific needs of particular collaborative applications and usage situations. These services are grouped into three main categories. First, JMS provides session management service supporting dynamic integration of application tools as well as dynamic membership. Second, group awareness service guarantees allotted communications within a session. Third, JMS offers floor control service accommodating a set of policies as well as underlying mechanisms. The application developer can bind a floor control to an application tool and switch from one floor policy to another during the session. Our implementation is based on a fully, object-oriented replicated architecture in which the application and management services are replicated at each site. To illustrate the feasibility of JMS in a practical organizational environment, an electronic meeting incorporating voting has been built on the JMS framework. We also provide a brief overview of CSCW and its significance in organizational computing-in electronic meeting, in particular-and compare JMS with other related works.