Cooking Oil Research Articles

Upaya Meningkatkan Pengurangan Limbah Minyak Goreng Menjadi Produk UMKM Lilin Aromaterapi Sebagai Ide Kreatif Kampung Mojo RW.10 RT.02 Kota Surabaya

Recycling is the processing of waste or remaining waste products into new products that can be used appropriately again with one of the goals being to preserve the environment. This community service is carried out by selecting household waste objects in the form of utilizing cooking oil waste into a useful material that will reduce the negative impact of used cooking waste. The public's lack of understanding and knowledge about how to process these remaining materials, turns used objects into less useful items so that many are thrown away and not used and can also reduce plastic waste. The use of smartphones presents a great opportunity to promote products through social media. In this research, a digital marketing promotion strategy was implemented through social applications. This service activity will discuss one of the business opportunities that can be done on a home scale with opportunities that are quite promising at the moment, namely the use of used cooking oil as raw material for aromatherapy candles. By implementing the right marketing strategy, it can help reach a wider consumer market so that new potential consumers come in who are willing to visit the stand and buy the product. By designing attractive digital promotions, the brand appearance of the product will also be more easily recognized by the public. Strategies that can be carried out by MSMEs Keywords: used cooking oil, SMEs, aromatherapy candles,

Educational Tool for Determining Viscosity Coefficient of Cooking Oil Using Arduino UNO

Educational Tool for Determining Viscosity Coefficient of Cooking Oil Using Arduino UNO

Experimental investigation of ternary blends on performance, and emission behaviors of a modified low-heat rejection CI engine

This study investigated the performance, combustion, and emissions of a modified low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with a blend of 90 % coconut waste cooking oil (CWCO) biodiesel and 10 % diethyl ether (DEE). The engine combustion chamber components were coated with 300 μm lanthanum-doped partially stabilized zirconia for thermal insulation. Engine testing was performed at varied loads from 0 to 100 % using an eddy current dynamometer. Exhaust emissions, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke were measured. Compared to conventional diesel, the CWCO-DEE blend showed a 3 % higher brake thermal efficiency of 33.4 % and 2.42 % lower brake-specific fuel consumption at full load. HC, CO, and smoke emissions decreased by 18 % (39 ppm), 11 %, and 19 % at higher loads with the blend. However, NOx emissions increased slightly by 21.2 %. The DEE compensated for CWCO's lower cetane number and viscosity, while the LHR coating enhanced combustion by providing thermal insulation, raising exhaust gas temperatures by 13 %. The improved efficiency and reduced emissions demonstrate the potential of optimized biodiesel-additive blends in conjunction with LHR engine modifications to sustainably utilize inexpensive waste cooking oil feedstocks as renewable diesel replacements. However, further optimization of blend compositions, additives, and coatings is needed to balance performance benefits against possible NOx increases. This study highlights a promising combined approach leveraging engine design and fuel advancements.

The Concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene in Food Cooked by Air Fryer and Oven: A Comparison Study.

The air fryer utilizes heated air rather than hot oil to achieve frying, eliminating the need for cooking oil, rendering it a healthier cooking method than traditional frying and baking. However, there is limited evidence supporting that the air fryer could effectively reduce the level of food-derived carcinogen. In this study, we compared the concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a typical carcinogen, in beef patties cooked using an air fryer and an oven, under different cooking conditions, including temperatures (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C), times (9, 14, and 19 min), and oil added or not. The adjusted linear regression analysis revealed that the BaP concentration in beef cooked in the air fryer was 22.667 (95% CI: 15.984, 29.349) ng/kg lower than that in beef cooked in the oven. Regarding the air fryer, the BaP concentration in beef cooked without oil brushing was below the detection limit, and it was significantly lower than in beef cooked with oil brushing (p < 0.001). Therefore, cooking beef in the air fryer can effectively reduce BaP concentration, particularly due to the advantage of oil-free cooking, suggesting that the air fryer represents a superior option for individuals preparing meat at high temperatures.

Aflatoxins in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Prevalence, Global Health Concern, and Management from an Innovative Nanotechnology Approach: A Mechanistic Repertoire and Future Direction.

Arachis hypogaea is the most significant oilseed nutritious legume crop in agricultural trade across the world. It is recognized as a valued crop for its contributions to nourishing food, as a cooking oil, and for meeting the protein needs of people who are unable to afford animal protein. Currently, its production, marketability, and consumption are hindered because of Aspergillus species infection that consequently contaminates the kernels with aflatoxins. Regarding health concerns, humans and animals are affected by acute and chronic aflatoxin toxicity and millions of people are at high risk of chronic levels. Most methods used to store peanuts are traditional and serve effectively for short-term storage. Now the question for long-term storage has been raised, and this promptly finds potential approaches to the issue. It is imperative to reduce the aflatoxin levels in peanuts to a permissible level by introducing detoxifying innovations. Most of the detoxification reports mention physical, chemical, and biological techniques. However, many current approaches are impractical because of time consumption, loss of nutritional quality, or weak detoxifying efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate practical, economical, and green methods to control Aspergillus flavus that address current global food security problems. Herein, a green and economically revolutionary way is a nanotechnology that has demonstrated its potential to connect farmers to markets, elevate international marketability, improve human and animal health conditions, and enhance food quality and safety by the management of fungal diseases. Due to the antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, they act as nanofungicides and have an incredible role in the control of aflatoxins. Nanoparticles have ultrasmall sizes and therefore penetrate the fungal body and invade the pathogen machinery, leading to fungal cell death by ROS production, mutation in DNA, disruption of organelles, and membrane leakage. This is the first mechanistic overview that unveils a comprehensive insight into aflatoxin contamination in peanuts, its prevalence, health effects, and management in addition to nanotechnological interventions that serve as a triple defense approach to detoxify aflatoxins. The optimum use of nanofungicides ensures food safety and the development of goals, especially "zero hunger".

The Effort of The Government and Its Impact on Maintaining the Stability of Cooking Oil Prices

The phenomenon of oil scarcity and rising world oil prices have had an impact on the increase in cooking oil prices in Indonesia. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Trade, is trying to intervene in the price of cooking oil by providing oil subsidies and export bans. This article aims to describe the policy process carried out by the Indonesian government to reduce the price of cooking oil and its impact on the traditional market economy. This field research was conducted at the Srijaya Sayur Traditional Market, in Madiun City using qualitative methods. Primary data was collected using interviews with traders, sales from cooking oil distributors, and market managers. The findings of this research reveal that the price intervention policy implemented by the government was initially carried out suddenly. However, as time goes by, the Indonesian government has taken steps to improve the price of cooking oil which is well spread throughout Indonesia. This is in line with Ibn Taymiyah's thoughts on the concept of distribution justice and price policy through government intervention. The positive impact of the policy of banning petroleum exports and providing subsidies has made the price of cooking oil affordable and in line with people's purchasing power. The negative impact is that many market distortions, starting from distribution processes, hoarding and selling prices that do not comply with the policy, to shortages of goods that occur in traditional markets, especially at the beginning of the policy. In the end, this negative impact began to subside along with the abundance of oil stocks on the market which was strengthened by the government's efforts to eradicate all individuals involved in becoming mafias and breaking the law.

A Nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 for the Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil

AbstractA series of hierarchical ZSM‐5 nanocrystalline aggregates (HNZ‐5) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as a structural guide. The HNZ‐5 samples having different Si/Al molar ratios all showed suitable hierarchical architectures and the maximum surface area was found to be 329 m2/g. The SEM image displayed the width of the individual crystal particles was ~100 nm, and its nanocrystalline clusters generated intercrystalline pores. Temperature‐programmed desorption with NH3 indicated that the total acidity of this material increased with increases in the Al3+ content to a maximum of 0.47 mmol/g at a Si/Al ratio of 15. In addition, 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the acid sites were associated with tetrahedral and octahedral Al sites. This HNZ‐5 was applied to the catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil model compound and gave a light olefin yield as high as 43.9 % at 550 °C. Extending the reaction time to 6000 min provided a yield of light olefins in excess of 30 %, which was higher than that achieved using traditional ZSM‐5. These data confirmed that the hierarchical pore structure of HNZ‐5 resulting from the self‐assembly of nanocrystals, together with exposed acidic sites, promoted the catalytic conversion of large molecules.

The effect of fusel oil and waste biodiesel fuel blends on a CI engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics

In this study, experimental engine tests were conducted to investigate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using a fuel blend composed of diesel, biodiesel, and fusel oil. In the study, which was carried out by using fuels obtained from different wastes together in a diesel engine. Seven different fuels were prepared for experiments by adding waste cooking oil (30% and 50%) and fusel oil (5% and 10%) by volume to commercial diesel fuel. The tests were carried out on the Lombardini LDW 1003 engine, a three-cylinder diesel engine, at four different engine loads (10, 20, 30, and 40 Nm), and a constant speed (2000 rpm). The experimental results revealed that the use of WCO generally led to increased NOx emissions which generally decreased with the fusel oil addition to the fuel mixture. Considering diesel fuel as a reference at maximum load conditions, there was a 12.63% increase in NOx emissions with 50% WCO. A 2.45% decrease in NOx emissions was achieved by adding 10% fusel oil. Furthermore, HC emissions decreased with the addition of both fusel oil and WCO at all load levels. When diesel fuel is taken as a reference at maximum load conditions, a 90% reduction in HC emissions was achieved by adding 50% WCO, and a 50% reduction in HC emissions was achieved by adding 10% fusel oil. Additionally, when diesel fuel is taken as a reference at maximum load condition, it was observed that a 0.05% increase in the maximum cylinder pressure value with the addition of 50% WCO and a 2.09% increase in the maximum cylinder pressure value with the addition of 10% fusel oil.

Surface functionalization of SBA-15 with organosilane for the preparation of bimetallic Ni-Co/SBA-15 catalyst: An innovative approach to convert waste cooking oil into advanced biofuel energy

This research investigates the utilization of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported SBA-15-silane catalysts for the production of green diesel from waste cooking oil (WCO), aiming at sustainable energy solutions. The catalysts underwent surface-functionalization with three distinct silane types: mercaptosilane (-SH), aminosilane (-NH2), and phenylsilane (-Ph). Notably, the incorporation of -NH2 silane in the fabrication of bimetallic NiCo/SBA-15-NH2 catalyst led to significant improvements in catalyst properties. Specifically, enhancements were observed in pore characteristics, with a surface area of 424 m2/g and a pore size of 4.8 nm, along with an increase in acidity to 5038.91 μmol/g. This rise in acidity is attributed to the presence of amino groups (-NH2), which foster stronger electrostatic interactions between the support and nickel-cobalt particles, subsequently affecting the particle size of Ni-Co (as confirmed by HRTEM analysis). Parametric studies unveiled the superior performance of the NiCo/SBA-15-NH2 catalyst, demonstrating a notable hydrocarbon yield of 80 % and diesel selectivity of 90 % at a reaction temperature of 300 °C, with sustained optimal performance for up to 6 h of reaction time. Furthermore, the blended green diesel (G2.5 & G5) derived from this process exhibited favorable fuel properties including lower kinematic viscosity, higher cetane number, and lower pour point in comparison to commercial petrol-diesel. These findings underscore the significant potential of silane in catalyst preparation for the conversion of WCO into biofuel energy, thereby highlighting a promising avenue for sustainable energy production and waste management.

Highly selective hydrodeoxygenation catalyst for sustainable aviation fuel production from used cooking oil

The production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) utilizing used cooking oil (UCO) as a renewable bio-waste resource holds immense potential for promoting sustainability in the aviation sector. In this study, SAF synthesis via hydrodeoxygenation of pretreated UCO over Ni-Mo/alumina-silica catalysts followed up hydroisomerization of deoxygenated oil has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on the physico-chemical properties of Al2O3-SiO2 support and on the overall hydrodeoxygenation performance of the Ni-Mo catalyst supported on Al2O3-SiO2 has been investigated. NiMo catalyst supported on Al2O3-SiO2 in a 70:30 ratio achieved 86.69 % UCO conversion during the hydrodeoxygenation step and exhibited 74.79 % jet range hydrocarbon fuel selectivity under mild conditions (350°C, 1.1 h⁻¹ WHSV, 6 MPa, H2/oil (v/v): 400). The catalyst activity remained stable for >100 hours highlighting its good stability under the experimental conditions investigated. This work demonstrates the potential of tailor-made supported catalysts for highly selective single-step conversion of UCO into jet-range hydrocarbons, offering a significant step towards the production of sustainable aviation fuels.

Analysis of animal-based food consumption of farmer households in Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency

Abstract Food is one the basic necesssities that people must meet. One of the important needs for health is a source of protein. Sources of protein that are often consumed are fish, meat, eggs, and milk. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons that impact the amount of animal-based food consumed by households who engage in farming activities Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency. This study belongs to descriptive research. The research location was determined using the purposive method. The data samples include 100 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the average consumption of animal-based food of farmer households in Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency, was 1.31 kg/month of broiler chicken meat, 1.40 kg/month of broiler chicken eggs, and 1.54 kg/month of tuna. The education level and broiler chicken egg price have a positive effect on the consumption of broiler chicken meat, while cooking oil has a negative effect. The consumption of broiler chicken eggs is influenced by income and cooking oil price. Meanwhile, the factors affecting tuna consumption are income, egg price, tuna price, and cooking oil price. Income elasticity shows that broiler chicken eggs and tuna are categorized as normal goods. The price elasticity explains that tuna consumption is elastic. The cross-price elasticity indicates that broiler chicken eggs are substitute goods for broiler chicken meat and tuna while cooking oil is a complementary goods for broiler chicken meat, broiler chicken eggs, and tuna.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Ethanol Produced from Sugar or Dates Syrup

Abstract Global oil prices have risen due to rising energy usage and petroleum depletion. Waste cooking oil is a potential source of biodiesel raw materials. Biodiesel is a source of renewable energy and a fuel that could replace petroleum-derived diesel in the future. The novelty of this study was to investigate the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ethanol produced from dates syrup. In this study biodiesel was made from used cooking oil and various alcohols by the transesterification method with different catalysts for comparison. To produce biodiesel from used the transesterification process was carried out by mixing 3 g of the catalyst with 60 ml of alcohol (70%) and adding 300ml of waste cooking oil at a temperature of 60°C. The best result, that had the highest biodiesel yield, which was 302.5 ml, was the biodiesel made from using commercial ethanol as alcohol and KOH as a catalyst. This study indicated that there was no significant difference in the yields of biodiesel and the by-product glycerin between groups, but the density and viscosity of petroleum diesel were much lower than the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil, meaning that the biodiesel could have more applications than petroleum diesel. It was concluded that the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and dates syrup ethanol could be used as an alternative fuel and source of renewable environmentally friendly energy. However, it is considered that more studies are needed to determine the effects of using biodiesel produced on engine performance.

Exploring the thermal properties of biodiesel after purification via solvent-aided crystallization

Cooking oil undergoes rigorous purification stages before reaching the market, which likely contributes to the elevated purity achieved through solvent-aided crystallization (SAC). However, the utilization of cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock is not suitable as it is expensive, resource inefficiency and lack of sustainability. Therefore, utilization of unpurified crude palm oil (CPO) for biodiesel production is an effective replacement. This study aims to assess the efficacy of SAC using unpurified CPO as the biodiesel feedstock. Parameters investigated include crystallization temperature (6 °C–14 °C), crystallization time (20–40 min), and shaking speed (32 rpm–84 rpm). Analysis reveals that CPO exhibits a high pour point of 15.7 °C and a cloud point of 10.8 °C, indicating potential operational and storage challenges. However, crude biodiesel derived from CPO demonstrates improved characteristics, including reduced pour point, cloud point, viscosity, and density, similar to the improvements seen in purified biodiesel obtained after SAC. The findings indicate that the most suitable operating conditions to maintain low pour and cloud points are a crystallization temperature of 10 °C, crystallization time of 30 min, and shaking speed of 61 rpm. Despite these improvements, both crude and purified biodiesel surpass ASTM D6751 limits for pour and cloud points, underscoring the necessity for further optimization in biodiesel production to meet industry standards. This research highlights the potential of SAC in enhancing biodiesel quality from unrefined feedstocks, offering a cost-effective and scalable method for producing higher-quality biodiesel while addressing current limitations.

Dietary cooking oils and cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake, namely, the consumption, cooking style, and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population. The elderly (≥ 65 years) participants for this study were recruited from two community health centers in the urban area of Shanghai. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on dietary oil consumption (low, medium and high) and cooking styles (fry or stir-fry vs. others) and the composition of fatty acids (poly-unsaturated vs. mono-unsaturated). The cardiometabolic measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids. The 1186 study participants had a mean age of 70.9 ± 5.4 years. The mean dietary oil consumption was 35.0 g/d, being low (< 25 g/d), medium (25-49 g/d) and high (≥ 50 g/d) in 485,467 and 234 participants, respectively. The proportion of the fry or stir-fry cooking style and oils rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids was 30.4% and 27.4%, respectively. Both before and after adjustment for sex, age, current smoking and alcohol intake, dietary oil consumption was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with the prevalence of treated hypertension and fasting plasma glucose concentration. With similar adjustments as above and additional adjustment for dietary oil consumption, the fry or stir-fry cooking style was significantly (P ≤ 0.048) and positively associated with body mass index, but inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the dietary intake of oils rich in mono-unsaturated fat acids was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. This study showed that both the consumption and composition of fatty acids of the dietary oils mattered with regard to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

Mechanically enhanced 3D printable photocurable resin composed of epoxy waste cooking oil and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate

Mechanically enhanced 3D printable photocurable resin composed of epoxy waste cooking oil and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate

Photoesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using ZnO Doped Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Heterogeneous Catalyst

Introduction:: Waste from the palm oil industry, such as empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA) and palm oil mill effluents (POME), is a type of biomass created during the production of palm oil and produced in vast quantities. Due to the massive amounts of empty fruit bunch ash produced because of the exponential rise in worldwide palm oil production, major plantations are having trouble disposing of them. Aim:: The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of the ZnO-EFBA catalyst under visible light irradiation for the photoesterification reaction and its physicochemical properties of the photocatalyst that will be determined using TGA, SEMEDX, XRD and BET. Method:: The biodiesel will be produced by using two steps which are photoesterification to reduce the FFA value in WCO and followed by transesterification to produce FAMEs. The photoesterification reactions were conducted using WCO under visible light irradiation. Various parameters were examined, including different reaction times of 1 to 4 hours, different methanol to oil molar ratios of 12:1, 14:1, 16:1, and 18:1, and different ZnO-EFBA catalyst loadings ranging from 0 wt.% to 8 wt.%. The obtained results demonstrated that each WCO sample has a different optimum condition in the photoesterification reaction. Moreover, it was observed that lower FFA values correlated with higher biodiesel conversion rates in the transesterification reaction with 79.06%, 77.72% and 73.33% for samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Result:: By using EFBA as a heterogeneous catalyst doped with ZnO in the manufacturing of biodiesel, it helps to reduce the waste that the palm oil industry creates, limiting the adverse effects on human health and environmental harm. Furthermore, biodiesel is a renewable, clean-burning alternative to petroleum fuel, which is domestically manufactured. Conclusion:: The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel boosts energy security, enhances the environment and air quality, and offers safety advantages.

Supervision of the Pekanbaru City Trade and Industry Service in Distributing Subsidized Cooking Oil

Supervision of the Pekanbaru City Trade and Industry Service in Distributing Subsidized Cooking Oil

The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel by Non-Catalytic Methods

The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel by Non-Catalytic Methods

Application of Waste Cooking Oil as a Rejuvenator for Aged Bitumen

Application of Waste Cooking Oil as a Rejuvenator for Aged Bitumen

Pengaruh Temperature dan Waktu Absorpsi Terhadap Properti Fisik dan Kimia dari Minyak Goreng Bekas yang Dimurnikan Menggunakan Adsorben Bentonit dan Karbon Ampas Tebu.

Bentonite and carbon bagasse adsorbents are used to study the effects of temperature and absorption time on the physico-chemical properties of refined used cooking oil. Any extended use of outdated cooking oil will have an impact on the body's health since it causes fat cells to accumulate in various vital organs. Used cooking oil can be cleaned by using adsorbents like bentonite, bagasse, and activated carbon. This study investigated the effects of temperature and adsorption period on the purification results of used cooking oil using activated carbon adsorbents comprised of bagasse and bentonite. In this study, a factorial group randomised design was used. First, there is a 1:1 adsorbent to substrate ratio. Secondly, there are four adsorption temperature levels: 30°C, 60°C, 90°C, and 120°C. The third factor is adsorption time, which are: 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Counting the quantity of acids, peroxides, and free fatty acids was one method of data analysis. The best results are obtained when used cooking oil is refined using activated carbon, bagasse, and bentonite at 120°C for 90 minutes of adsorption. The result is an acid number of 0.913, a peroxide number of 2.532, and a free fatty acid content of 0.459%.