Polydopamine (PDA)-based capsules have been broadly used to functionalize cellulose-based fabrics owing to their enhanced adhesion properties. However, the deposition kinetics and adhesion behavior of PDA-based capsules on the fabrics remain understudied. In this work, the sizes, concentrations, and deposition time of PDA particles, as well as the electrostatic force between PDA particles and the fabrics were investigated to study the deposition kinetics and adhesion behavior of PDA particles on Lyocell fibers. The introduction of electrostatic interaction significantly enhanced both the deposition amount and the uniformity of PDA particles onto the fiber surface. The deposition kinetics of PDA particles on the fibers could be accurately described using a modified collision model, with the coverage of PDA particles conforming to a monolayer deposition pattern. The adhesion behavior of PDA particles was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry. The results indicated the driving forces during the deposition process were mainly hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force and van der Waals force. The van der Waals force was increased by around 106 %, and electrostatic force was even increased by approximately 201 % after the fiber cationization. This study provided a theoretical foundation for achieving controllable and quantitative surface functionalization of cellulose fibrous substrates.
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