Problem Of Control Research Articles

Research on evolutionary game of digital twin data information sharing based on blockchain technology

Due to the significant characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance of blockchain technology, it helps to solve the problems of timeliness and slow permission control in traditional information sharing. However, most researchers are committed to exploring how to improve the efficiency, reliability, and privacy security of digital twin data. There is a lack of research on issues such as blockchain participants free-riding and not actively participating in information sharing, and how to promote information sharing through incentives. Therefore, this paper designs a distance grouping based practical byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm to address the credibility issue of transmitted data, thereby improving the efficiency of negotiation. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through cases analysis. In addition, for the problem of low subjective willingness of information sharing, this paper designs an information sharing incentive strategy based on blockchain intelligent contracts, establishes digital twin data sharing evolutionary game models with reputation incentives and non-reputation incentives, so as to explore the impact of reputation incentive on evolutionary stability strategies. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted on the evolutionary game model of digital twin data sharing. The impact of several key indicators such as data complementarity, trust, positive incentive coefficient, and data sharing cost on the evolution process of information sharing are considered, and corresponding management insights are obtained.

Adaptive output-feedback control for switched nonlinear systems with measurement sensitivity based on double-side event-triggering mechanisms

This article concentrates on the problem of adaptive event-triggered control with double-side event-triggering mechanisms for a family of switched nonlinear systems with measurement sensitivity. In order to circumvent the negative effect of intermittent transmission and sensor measurement sensitivity on the output, an extended system is constructed by introducing a first-order output filter. Then, an input-driven neural switched observer is designed to estimate unmeasurable system states. To deal with the mutual interaction between the triggering and the switching mechanisms and their negative effect on the positive lower bound of inter-execution intervals, an incremental compensation is incorporated in the event-triggering mechanism (ETM) at the output sensor side. At last, a novel event-triggered control scheme built on both sides of the controller and output is proposed, which exhibits superior efficacy compared to the one-side event-triggered control scheme. By using the methods of the average dwell time (ADT) and the backstepping design, it is guaranteed that all signals of the switched closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the Zeno phenomenon is excluded. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated by using a numerical simulation and a one-link robot system.

Knowledge-based self-tuning of PID control gains for continuum soft robots

In recent years, a class of soft (deformable) robots has attracted the attention of researchers due to their continuum features being advantageous over rigid robots for dexterous and safe compliant motions. These distinct advantages are obtained from the elastomer hyperelastic material properties because continuum robots are manufactured and actuated through embedded pneumatic energy fields. In this way, the continuum deformation raises novel problems in modeling and control due to its highly nonlinear behavior. That is, the deformable shape of its components varies continuously, unlike rigid robots, suggesting that the controller should compensate for its varying continuum model. Motivated by the deformable soft robot subject to parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics, this paper proposes an adaptive, instead of constant, tuning of feedback gains of a model-free controller. The tuning mechanism is based on a knowledge-based scheme using a discrete wavelet neural network (DWN) by an efficient input–output identification updating its parameters and weights online, with a gradient descent algorithm driven by the identification error. At the same time, the control feedback gains are self-tuned, minimizing a convex cost function of tracking errors. Dynamic simulations show the performance of the proposed approach considering the parameters of a real soft robot mimicking a gelatin-like behavior. Finally, some discussions on the proposed scheme’s computational cost, feasibility, and viability are briefly addressed.

Composite quadratic Lyapunov function event-triggered control of vertical take-off and landing aircraft systems with actuator saturation

This paper deals with the problem of event-triggered control (ETC) for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft systems under actuator saturation. By introducing the VTOL system with saturated actuators, a composite quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF) approach is first proposed to describe the problem of the event triggering mechanism. The proposed transfer mechanism not only further saves communication resources, but also further suppresses the conservatism of the attraction domain estimation. Then, sufficient conditions are established via linear matrix inequality (LMI) by incorporating new event triggering mechanism condition and prescribed passive performance metrics under the closed-loop system that is asymptotically stable and strictly passive, respectively. Finally, the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the number of triggers and expand the domain of attraction. The validity and feasibility of the obtained results are demonstrated by two example simulations.

Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits.

For decades, the external globus pallidus (GPe) has been viewed as a passive way-station in the indirect pathway of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit, sandwiched between striatal inputs and basal ganglia outputs. According to this model, one-way descending striatal signals in the indirect pathway amplify the suppression of downstream thalamic nuclei by inhibiting GPe activity. Here, we revisit this assumption, in light of new and emerging work on the cellular complexity, connectivity and functional role of the GPe in behaviour. We show how, according to this new circuit-level logic, the GPe is ideally positioned for relaying ascending and descending control signals within the basal ganglia. Focusing on the problem of inhibitory control, we illustrate how this bidirectional flow of information allows for the integration of reactive and proactive control mechanisms during action selection. Taken together, this new evidence points to the GPe as being a central hub in the CBGT circuit, participating in bidirectional information flow and linking multifaceted control signals to regulate behaviour.

Manufacture of Microstructured Optical Fibers: Problem of Optimal Control of Silica Capillary Drawing Process

The effective control of any technological process is essential in ensuring high-quality finished products. This is particularly true in manufacturing knowledge-intensive and high-tech products, including microstructured photonic crystal fibers (PCF). This paper addresses the issues of stabilizing the optimal control of the silica capillary drawing process. The silica capillaries are the main components of PCF. A modified mathematical model proposed by the authors is used as the basic model of capillary drawing. The uniqueness of this model is that it takes into account the main forces acting during drawing (gravity, inertia, viscosity, surface tension, pressure inside the drawn capillary), as well as all types of heat transfer (heat conduction, convection, radiation). In the first stage, the system of partial differential equations describing heat and mass transfer was linearized. Then, the problem of the optimal control of the drawing process was formulated, and optimization systems for the isothermal and non-isothermal cases were obtained. In the isothermal case, optimal adjustments of the drawing speed were obtained for different objective functionals. Thus, the proposed approach allows for the constant monitoring and adjustment of the observed state parameters (for example, the outer radius of the capillary). This is possible due to the optimal control of the drawing speed to obtain high-quality preforms. The ability to control and promptly eliminate geometric defects in the capillary was confirmed by the analysis of the numerical calculations, according to which even 15% deviations in the outer radius of the capillary during the drawing process can be reduced to 4–5% by controlling only the capillary drawing speed.

The method of determining optimal control of the thermoelastic state of piece-homogeneous body using a stationary temperature field

This paper proposes a new highly effective method for determining the optimal control of the stress-strain state of spatially multi-connected composite bodies using a stationary temperature field. The proposed method is considered based on the example of a stationary axisymmetric thermoelastic problem for a space with a spherical inclusion and cavity. The proposed method is based on the generalized Fourier method and reduces the original problem to an equivalent problem of optimal control, in which the state of the object is determined by an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, the right-hand side of which parametrically depends on the control. At the same time, the functional of the cost of the initial problem is transformed into a quadratic functional, which depends on the state of the equivalent system and parametrically on the control. The limitation on the temperature distribution is replaced by the value of the control norm in the space of square summable sequences. In fact, this paper considers for the first time the problem of optimal control of an infinite system of linear algebraic equations and develops a method for its solution. The proposed method is based on presenting the solutions of infinite systems in a parametric form, which makes it possible to reduce equivalent problem to the problem of conditional extremum of a quadratic functional, which explicitly depends on the control. A further solution to this problem A further solution to this problem is found by the Lagrange method using the spectral decomposition of the quadratic functional matrix. found by the Lagrange method using the spectral decomposition of the quadratic functional matrix. The method developed in this paper is strictly justified. For all infinite systems, the Fredholm property of their operators is proved. As an important result necessary for substantiation, for the first time, an estimate from below of the module of the multi-parameter determinant of the resolving system of the boundary value problem of conjugation – space with a spherical inclusion – was obtained when solving it using the Fourier method. The theorem that establishes the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of equivalent problem or optimal control problem without restrictions in the space of square summable sequences is proved. The numerical algorithm is based on a reduction method for infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. Estimates of the practical accuracy of the numerical algorithm demonstrated the stability of the method and sufficiently high accuracy even with close location of the boundary surfaces. Graphs showing the optimal temperature distribution for various geometric parameters of the problem and their analysis are provided. The proposed method extends to boundary value problems with different geometries.

Body mass index–dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success

Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.

Regulation by Localization of Wave Energy Along theThickness of a Piezoelectric Waveguide: Problem of Optimal Control of a Three-Component Electroelastic Wave

Regulation by Localization of Wave Energy Along theThickness of a Piezoelectric Waveguide: Problem of Optimal Control of a Three-Component Electroelastic Wave

Uncovering crystal growth and regeneration mechanism to control crystal morphology: The case study of aceclofenac

The study of crystal growth and regeneration mechanisms is of great significance for controlling the morphology of crystals. Through the investigation of the recovery and regrowth processes of crystals, we have revealed the regeneration mechanism of aceclofenac (ACF) crystals and the influence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the regeneration of ACF crystals. Firstly, ACF crystal regeneration experiments were conducted in acetone (ACT) and methyl acetate (MA), and it was found that the broken crystals could be successfully regenerated and restored to their original morphology, the regenerated ACF crystals in MA exhibited a larger aspect ratio. Secondly, the crystals obtained from the two solvents were placed in different solvents for regrowth, and it was shown that solvent was a key factor influencing the aspect ratio of ACF crystals. Additionally, HPMC was used to regulate the crystal morphology, it was found that the best effect was achieved when the mass fraction of HPMC was 0.5%, resulting in a regenerated crystal with an aspect ratio of only 2.19. Molecular simulation results indicated that the interaction between the radial (110) crystal facet and the solvent was weaker than that with the axial (1 0 -1) crystal facet, leading to a higher radial growth rate and a larger aspect ratio of the crystal. However, after adding HPMC, the interaction between HPMC and the radial (1 1 -1) and (110) crystal facets became stronger. HPMC selectively adsorbed on these two crystal facets, ultimately resulting in crystals with a smaller aspect ratio. The research findings of this study will provide theoretical basis for solving the problem of difficult morphology control due to crystal fragmentation in the pharmaceutical industry production process.

Controlled State Transfer in Central Spin Models

In the recent literature, various aspects of the transfer of quantum states by spin chains have been thoroughly investigated. Part of the existing study is devoted to the problem of optimal control, with the goal of achieving a highly reliable information/state transfer for a given time T. In general, achieving this goal is not an easy task in the case of (open) quantum systems. Various approaches have been developed and applied, including Krotov’s method to study the problem. It is a gradient-based method used here to study the problem of state transfer control in central spin models. Our results show that with Krotov’s method, it is possible to find an optimal control form that allows for very-high-fidelity state transfer in the central spin models we have developed. Our results will be of interest for a better understanding of the non-trivial effects of the classical world on the quantum world, which have been discussed in the form of various new effects, including the Epstein effect, in the recent literature.

Модельные технологические решения по обеспечению качества изделий при обработке точением

Model technological solutions for ensuring the quality of products during turning processing are proposed. A study of the workability of materials based on the ISO classification was carried out. To clarify the workability group, the MS code system was used, which allowed not only to clarify the workability group and the terms of delivery of the workpiece, but also to determine the specific cutting force. Based on the classifier-handbook, the parameters of the prefabricated cutting tool were selected and the technological modes for the prescribed processing conditions were determined. Based on the obtained specific cutting force, an algorithm for simplified determination of the cutting force is implemented. A study of the vibrations of the technological machining system was performed, which made it possible to formulate dynamic models for the system as a whole, subsystems of the workpiece and cutting tool. In relation to the dynamic model of the workpiece subsystem. The model has been simplified. A dynamic cutting characteristic was constructed, which made it possible to build an autonomous dynamic model of the technological system. In relation to this model, parameterization was performed, which made it possible to determine the stiffness coefficients of the fixed workpiece, as well as the inertia and dissipation coefficients. In relation to the selected processing conditions, the accuracy and roughness of the treated surface were checked. A study of the stability of the technological system of mechanical processing based on the algebraic Hurwitz criterion is carried out. In the general formulation, the Hurwitz determinant and stability conditions are obtained. The performed complex of calculations showed that the conditions determined by the Hurwitz stability criterion are met. This indicates that when processing in the selected modes, quiet cutting is carried out, which ensures the requirements for the quality of the product. The construction of the stability boundary can be performed in the space of variable technological parameters using the D-partitioning method or based on the R. Loeb algorithm. As a result of constructing the stability boundary in the space of variable parameters, the area of permissible technological modes is highlighted, which is the basis for solving the problem of processing control in accordance with the formed efficiency criteria. The complex of technological solutions presented in the article was deployed and implemented in relation to the turning of coating discs, as well as discs of turbines and compressors of gas turbine engines.

The Problem of Mental Control: Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, Social Communications

The Problem of Mental Control: Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, Social Communications

A Review of the Impact of Streptococcal Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance on Human Health.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) are bacteria that can cause a range of infections, some of them life-threatening. This review examines the spread of antibiotic resistance and its mechanisms against antibiotics for streptococcal infections. Data on high-level penicillin-resistant invasive pneumococci have been found in Brazil (42.8%) and Japan (77%). The resistance is caused by mutations in genes that encode penicillin-binding proteins. Similarly, GAS and GBS strains reported from Asia, the USA, and Africa have undergone similar transformations in PBPs. Resistance to major alternatives of penicillins, macrolides, and lincosamides has become widespread among pneumococci and streptococci, especially in Asia (70-95%). The combination of several emm types with erm(B) is associated with the development of high-level macrolide resistance in GAS. Major mechanisms are ribosomal target modifications encoded by erm genes, ribosomal alterations, and active efflux pumps that regulate antibiotic entry due to mefA/E and msrD genes. Tetracycline resistance for streptococci in different countries varied from 22.4% in the USA to 83.7/100% in China, due to tet genes. Combined tetracycline/macrolide resistance is usually linked with the insertion of ermB into the transposon carrying tetM. New quinolone resistance is increasing by between 11.5 and 47.9% in Asia and Europe. The mechanism of quinolone resistance is based on mutations in gyrA/B, determinants for DNA gyrase, or parC/E encoding topoisomerase IV. The results for antibiotic resistance are alarming, and urgently call for increased monitoring of this problem and precautionary measures for control to prevent the spread of resistant mutant strains.

H∞ attenuation of disturbance switching over multiple frequency ranges

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of switching control for systems subject to external disturbances that vary over multiple frequency ranges. Specifically, two different scenarios of disturbance injection are considered; namely, the disturbance may switch between different prescribed frequency ranges, subject to an average dwell time setting, or the disturbance may reside within one of the frequency ranges. To address these scenarios, a disturbance‐triggered control scheme is developed that divides the entire frequency range into low‐, mid‐, and high‐frequency ranges. This scheme ensures closed‐loop stability under average dwell time frequency‐range switching and achieves performance when operated under individual frequency ranges. Synthesis conditions in matrix inequalities are derived to characterize the switching control, and an iterative algorithm is proposed for finding a desired set of controller gains. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Sufficient control of complex networks

In this paper, we propose to study sufficient control of complex networks, which is to control a sufficiently large portion of the network, where only the quantity of controllable nodes matters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a problem is investigated. We prove that the sufficient controllability problem can be converted into a minimum-cost flow problem, for which an algorithm with polynomial complexity can be devised. Further, we study the problem of minimum-cost sufficient control, which is to drive a sufficiently large subset of the network nodes to any predefined state with the minimum cost using a given number of controllers. The problem is NP-hard. We propose an “extended L0-norm-constraint-based Projected Gradient Method” (eLPGM) algorithm, which achieves suboptimal solutions for the problems at small or medium sizes. To tackle the large-scale problems, we propose to convert the control problem into a graph problem and devise an efficient low-complexity “Evenly Divided Control Paths” (EDCP) algorithm to tackle the graph problem. Simulation results on both synthetic and real-life networks are provided, demonstrating the satisfactory performance of the proposed methods.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ЗЕМЕЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

The article presents an overview of the land control conducted on the territory of the Ukhta municipal district, which is part of the Komi Republic. Municipal land control is a framework that ensures the use of land and land plots, as interpreted by Russian legislation. The bodies whose powers include control over the use of land and land plots within the boundaries of a municipality are the regulatory instrument for the activities of individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. In accordance with the current legislation, risk management during municipal land control and the assessment system on the territory of the Ukhta municipal district is not applied. When implementing municipal land control, records are kept of land control objects owned by the Ukhta municipal District, state ownership of which is not delimited. According to the Regulation, the types of preventive measures are established on the territory of the Ukhta municipal district: generalization of law enforcement practice, informing, consulting, preventive visit, announcement, warning. The results of law enforcement practice are displayed in the annual report, which is subject to approval by the head of the Ukhta municipal district and is posted on the official portal of the administration. Based on the analysis, the main problems in municipal land control in the territory of the Komi Republic have been identified: insufficient technical support, lack of authorized bodies and officials to carry out land control measures, low level of regulation in municipal legal acts, limited capabilities of the inspector. To solve the considered problems, a number of recommendations are proposed: proper technical support, amendments to the legislative framework on the issue of expanding the powers of the municipal inspector, professional development of inspectors, differentiation of responsibilities of municipal and state land control.

Social Control of Everyday Life and Political Construction of (Montenegrin) Identity

Abstract The research problem is the influence of global crisis on identity and daily life of Montenegrin people. The subject is the political construction of (Montenegrin) identity, as a result of social control on everyday life, where identities are born. For the purpose of researching this relation, the starting point is the explanatory potential of J. Habermas’s contemporary socio-political theory about the colonization of the lifeworld by an expansionist logic of the political-economic constellation (system). Scientific goals are: 1) description of the colonization of the lifeworld and the construction of (Montenegrin) identity, as an indicator of social crisis (in Montenegro); 2) understanding the causal factors (causes, motives) of (Montenegrin) identity construction; 3) generic explanation of the political construction of (Montenegrin) identity, through strategies, policies, educational and media influences. Social goals refer to: 1) expansion of the fund of knowledge about contemporary (Montenegrin) society and its problematic aspects; 2) pragmatic explanations of the problem of social control of everyday life through the re-actualization of socio-political concepts; 3) indication of guidelines for possible changes for the better in the sphere of everyday life in the foreseeable future. The methodology concerns the main hypothesis that by constructing the identity of people in the post-industrial society, social control of everyday life is realized. Auxiliary hypotheses are: 1) Identity construction takes place through strategies, policies, educational and media influences as segments of social control aimed at managing social resources from the local to the global level. 2) With instruments of social control, a desirable system of values of individuals and social groups is established with the aim of preventing, delaying, compensating, and transforming their potential subversive action (undermining the system from within). The independent or causal variable is the social control of everyday life, while the dependent or consequential variable is the constructed identity. Making final findings will be facilitated by the synthesis, inductive and deductive methods of reasoning, as well as the method of comparison with a case study. The results refer to the achieved goals and the general conclusion that the system’s power logic reduces the sphere of free and open communication of individuals, thus their identity becomes a place of permanent crisis due to the threat of the meaning of everyday life within which identity is formulated. This crisis is the reason that identities will remain endangered until the question of alienation of life is raised, in accordance with the capitalist imperatives of unlimited economic growth and consumption, and instrumental-rational interaction. As a reaction to the system dominance, the forces of resistance are strengthening, in the form of new alternative grassroots social movements, such as Civil Movement United Reform Action (URA), in Montenegro, which is pro-European green political party of the left center and social-liberal ideological provenance.

Приближенный синтез оптимальных детерминированных систем управления с неполной обратной связью на основе достаточных условий ε-оптимальности

<p>The problem of optimal control of deterministic dynamical systems in the absence of information about a part of the coordinates of the state vector is considered. Sufficient ε-optimality conditions based on the principle of expansion are formulated and proved. An algorithm is proposed for finding an a priori estimate of the proximity of the synthesized control law with incomplete feedback to the optimal one for a given set of initial states. The solution of the model example is given.</p>

Secure adaptive event-triggered anti-synchronization for BAM neural networks with energy-limited DoS attacks

This article focuses on the problem of adaptive event-triggered anti-synchronization control for bidirectional associative memory neural networks subject to energy-limited denial of service attacks. First, a novel adaptive event-triggered scheme is developed by resorting to the acknowledgment character technique, which can help conserve valuable communication resources and has better performance in resisting malicious cyber attacks compared to traditional schemes. Second, a more general attack strategy for denial of service attacks is proposed with the consideration of energy constraints, and an anti-synchronization error system is established to analyze the anti-synchronization behavior. Then, sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the anti-synchronization of drive and response bidirectional associative memory neural networks in H∞ sense. Next, a design approach is obtained based on the above conditions for the controller gains. Finally, a numerical example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over the traditional event-triggered scheme.