Problem Of Control Research Articles

Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based generation management for interconnected power system

Decision makers consistently face the challenge of simultaneously assessing numerous attributes, determining their respective importance, and selecting an appropriate method for calculating their weights. This article addresses the problem of automatic generation control (AGC) in a two area power system (2-APS) by proposing fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), an multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique, to determine weights for sub-objective functions. The integral-time-absolute-errors (ITAE) of tie-line power fluctuation, frequency deviations and area control errors, are defined as the sub-objectives. Each of these is given a weight by the FAHP method, which then combines them into an single final objective function. This objective function is then used to design a PID controller. To improve the optimization of the objective function, the Jaya optimization algorithm (JOA) is used in conjunction with other optimization techniques such as sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Luus–Jaakola algorithm (LJA), Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm (NMSA), symbiotic organism search algorithm (SOSA) and elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHOA). Six distinct experimental cases are conducted to evaluate the controller’s performance under various load conditions, with data plotted to show responses corresponding to fluctuations in frequency and tie-line exchange. Furthermore, statistical analysis is performed to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of the JOA-based PID controller. For non-parametric evaluation, Friedman rank test is also used to validate the performance of the proposed JOA-based controller.

Observer-based resilient dynamic event-triggering control for switched systems under DoS and FDI attacks

This article investigates the problem of the observer-based dynamic event-triggering control for networked switched systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and false data injection (FDI) attacks. The considered DoS attack model is limited by duration and frequency, and the FDI attack signal is generated by an exogenous system. First, an extended observer is constructed to estimate both the system state and the FDI attack signal. Subsequently, an observer-based resilient dynamic event-triggered mechanism is designed to reduce communication resource costs and eliminate the limitation of maximum asynchronous times less than dwell time such that the system can frequently switch in the event interval. Furthermore, by employing Lyapunov stability theory and average dwell time method to guarantee the switched system is exponentially stable. Meanwhile, a co-design scheme of controller gains, observer gains, and triggering parameters is developed. Finally, a switched circuit system is used to substantiate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Solution of the Local-Boundary-Value Problem of Control for a Nonlinear Stationary System Taking into Account Computer System Verification

Solution of the Local-Boundary-Value Problem of Control for a Nonlinear Stationary System Taking into Account Computer System Verification

Novel tuning rules for IMC-high-order PID load frequency controller of power systems

The problem of load frequency control (LFC) for power grids has received widespread attention in power industrial control. Ensuring the stability of the frequency is the primary concern that constrains the development of the electric power system. This paper presents a novel internal model control (IMC)- proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design method for LFC control systems, centered on pole-zero conversion. This method aims to simplify the system model's complexity and improve the system's performance. The IMC controller is approximated as a PID series compensator (high-order PID), with exact tuning formulas provided for various scenarios. These include single-area without or with reheat turbines, hydro turbines with transient droop compensators, wind turbines, and gas turbines. The tuning formulas are characterized by a single parameter, determined under robustness constraints and integrated time absolute error (ITAE). The proposed tuning method considers the generator rate constraint (GRC) and applies to multi-area single-source and multi-area multi-source power systems. The results of the simulation confirm that the controller tuning method presented in this paper has significant advantages over the existing design methods concerning robustness and anti-interference performance.

Exponential Stability of the Numerical Solution of a Hyperbolic System with Nonlocal Characteristic Velocities

In this paper, we investigate the problem of the exponential stability of a stationary solution for a hyperbolic system with nonlocal characteristic velocities and measurement error. The formulation of the initial boundary value problem of boundary control for the specified hyperbolic system is given. A difference scheme is constructed for the numerical solution of the considered initial boundary value problem. The definition of the exponential stability of the numerical solution in ℓ2-norm with respect to a discrete perturbation of the equilibrium state of the initial boundary value difference problem is given. A discrete Lyapunov function for a numerical solution is constructed, and a theorem on the exponential stability of a stationary solution of the initial boundary value difference problem in ℓ2-norm with respect to a discrete perturbation is proved.

Finite-time disturbance observer-based levitation control for vehicle-guideway coupling systems

In this study, a novel composite control scheme for the vehicle-guideway coupling systems is proposed, consisting of FTDOs and a FTC, aiming to address the challenges of unknown disturbances and vibration suppression. Specifically, this method adopts a single magnet-track coupling model and introduces a finite-time disturbance observer (FTDO) that utilizes only measured electromagnet-side signals to estimate unmeasurable states and unknown disturbances. Based on the estimated information provided by the FTDO, a finite-time control (FTC) scheme is developed, which simultaneously handles the problems of disturbance compensation and finite-time tracking control. Additionally, the finite-time stability of the levitation system is analyzed and proven. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control approach.

PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE COPPER MATTE CONVERSION PROCESS

The paper provides data on the construction of mathematical models using parametric identification of objects, as well as the development of algorithms that allow calculating optimal charge plans in production, and also addresses issues related to modeling and control of electric melting. As a result of the work, the issues of partial automation through channels have been solved: regulation of electric power, charge loading control, melt level measurement, research on mechanization and automation of smelting products, as well as theoretical, experimental and pilot industrial studies on automation of electric furnaces of non-ferrous metallurgy. This control system of the electrothermal furnace operates in open mode, solves individual functional tasks of process control and management and provides solutions to the problems of optimal control of the technological process of electric melting. The paper also discusses issues related to the automatic control of the electric power of electrothermal furnaces. The furnace is considered as an object of channel control: electrode deepening-electrode currents.

Adaptive Fuzzy Fixed-Time Control for Nonlinear Systems with Unmodeled Dynamics

This article concentrates on the problem of fixed-time tracking control for a certain class of nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. Unmodeled dynamics are prevalent in practical engineering systems, such as axially symmetric systems like robotic arms, spacecraft, and missiles. In this paper, the fuzzy-logic systems (FLSs) are implemented to address the challenge of accurately approximating the unknown nonlinear terms that arise during the derived control algorithm process. By employing fixed-time command filters (FTCF), the “explosion of complexity” issues encountered in traditional backstepping methods will be effectively resolved. Moreover, error compensation mechanisms are derived to effectively mitigate the filtering errors that may arise from the FTCFs. The computational burden associated with FLSs is reduced through the utilization of the weight vector estimation method based on the maximal norm and an adaptive approach. A fixed-time adaptive fuzzy tracking controller is developed within the backstepping control framework to ensure the boundedness of all signals and achieve fixed-time convergence of the tracking error for the controlled system. Illustrative examples are conducted to illustrate the viability of the derived controller.

Electronic mechanical braking system executive mechanism design, calculation, and modeling based on dynamic control

Introduction: As science and technology develop, automobiles are moving toward intelligence and electrification and need better braking systems.Methods: To improve the braking system’s response speed and braking effect, a longitudinal dynamics control system for automobiles based on the electronic mechanical braking system was proposed, and the electronic mechanical braking system was improved through automatic disturbance rejection control.Results: The experimental results show that the time required for achieving the target clamping force in the electronic mechanical braking system using self-disturbance rejection control and proportional integral differential control is only 0.01 s, but there is an issue of excessive control in the proportional integral differential system between 0.12 s and 0.2 s, while the self-disturbance rejection controller does not have this problem. Meanwhile, regardless of the interference applied, the electronic mechanical braking system with automatic disturbance rejection control can ensure that the clamping force does not fluctuate. In the joint simulation experiment, the expected acceleration and actual acceleration can remain consistent, and if the expected braking force is 9000 N, then the actual braking force of the electronic mechanical brake (EMB) is also 9000 N.Discussion: The above results indicate that the vehicle longitudinal dynamics control system using the electronic mechanical braking system not only responds fast but also has a good braking effect, avoiding the problem of excessive control and improving the driving experience.

Moving to Advanced Research on Human Machine Interface Design

This poster paper will discuss a variety of items related to Human-Machine Teaming and research in support in-creasing control of autonomous machines present in phys-ical problem domains of interest. Many military tasks can be decomposed into their primary elements – intelligence preparation, reconnaissance, movement, maneuver, fires, and and support across the combat domains of interest – air, land, sea, etc. There are an increasing number of au-tonomous and semi-autonomous ground-based systems available, such as the Multi-Utility Tactical Transport (MUTT) Unmanned Ground Vehicle, for movement of materials, or Quadrupedal Unmanned Ground Vehicle (QUGV) for the disposal of explosive ordinance, comple-mented by aerial platforms considering of a wide variety of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for the gathering and transmitting of information, held together by a common backbone and network. The preponderance of new systems and capabilities brings new issues, one of which is critical to research - how to control and manage a large number of systems. Commercial systems of significantly less capability, such as light-up drone shows, involve approximately 2 people per 100 drones; meaning that a single controller for a sin-gle drone is simply a non-starter. How can research be applied to scale the complexity of operations upwards without additional demands of personnel? This poster discusses several portions of early-stage research into a variety of applications, including: Reasoning about mixed-team processes, includ-ing real/synthetic teammates, and how infor-mation gathered about the use of synthetic teammates within simulation can be transitioned into utilization for a robotic teammate Embedding affective information into dialogue channels in order to save cognitive bandwidth Repurposing of foundational dialogue models for specific tasks and purposes Utilizing psychological research to design sys-tems in order to infer user intent Theory of mind research for autonomous systems regarding their human operators Simulated environments and agents in order to test the simulations in representative areas. Common-Sense reasoning augmented by Large Language Model technology for instructing ro-botic platforms The following things will be discussed at the poster ses-sion, representing a portfolio of ongoing work addressing the problems of large-scale multi-agent command and control. While the near-term application of these tech-nologies is into military problem domains; the poster presentation is cleared for public release.

Algorithm for control of electric heating of concrete for solving the problem of digital control of quality of monolithic works

Algorithm for control of electric heating of concrete for solving the problem of digital control of quality of monolithic works

Behavioral insights: The problem of control in education governance

This article offers a historical inquiry into behaviorism and its impact on standard of judgement concerning education policies. Drawing from Aldous Huxley’s reservation towards behaviorism as a scientific movement that naturalizes the role of control in human affairs, the paper maps the impact of behaviorism on economics of education. By tracing the influence of behaviorism in both rational (human capital theory) and quasi-rational (behavioral insight) economics, we draw attention to the activity of knowledge-making that describes and prescribes agency. The paper demonstrates how policy instruments and outcomes are intimately linked to assumptions about personhood, and in the case of behavioral insight, they contribute to the scope of decision-making entrusted to government and business. Utilizing a genealogical approach, the paper invites ethical reflections on the long-term implications of behavioral economics in light of automation.

Robust optimal tracking control of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles subject to uncertain disturbances

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of robust optimal tracking control of multiple autonomous underwater Vehicles (AUVs) subject to uncertain external disturbances. First, the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy based technique is utilized to convert the high‐order nonlinear multi‐AUV system into a series of linearized subsystems. Second, a novel fully distributed sliding mode control (FDSMC) strategy is proposed to attenuate the disturbances. Meanwhile, the leader‐following consensus and the nearly optimization of the energy‐cost function for the multi‐AUV system can be achieved simultaneously through the designed optimal nominal control protocol. Moreover, the proposed control strategy has more mild constraints on the communication topologies. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed FDSMC strategy is verified by numerical simulation studies.

Prescribed-time fault-tolerant tracking control for Markov jump nonlinear systems based on saturation dynamics filters

This paper investigates the problem of prescribed-time fault-tolerant tracking control for a class of Markov jump nonlinear systems affected by actuator faults and input saturation. First, a new time-varying constraint function and an error transformation are invoked to transform the original prescribed-time tracking control problem into a tracking control problem with deferred constraint for tracking error. Furthermore, the parameter correction terms are designed, on which a novel Markov jump saturation dynamic filter is constructed to handle the unfavorable effect of input saturation. Meanwhile, the projection operator technique and the norm estimation methodology are integrated to devise adaptive laws to estimate the unknown actuator faults evolving in accordance with the Markov chain. A new prescribed-time fault-tolerant tracking control scheme is put forward that realizes the deferred constraint on the tracking error, which in turn ensures that the tracking error of the system converges to a prescribed accuracy within a prescribed-time. Finally, two simulation examples, one of which implements a prescribed-time fault-tolerant tracking control for rotary steerable drilling tool system, are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the developed scheme.

Safety-critical multi-tasks control for switched systems via several barrier functions

This paper investigates the problem of safety-critical multi-tasks control (SCMTC) for switched systems, where the multi-tasks control is achieved by ensuring the invariance and attraction of the task set. A new definition of safety is presented under the switched systems framework, which extends the existing safety definition for non-switched systems and reveals the essence of safety for switched systems. For two different types of task sets, a single barrier function (SBF) method and a multiple barrier functions method are proposed to solve the SCMTC problem, where the former requires each task set to be defined by a continuously differentiable function, while the latter requires that to be defined by multiple continuously differentiable functions. Both the two methods allow the safety and/or the invariance and attraction of the task sets to be unnecessary for individual subsystems. Also, two novel task-based switching signals are designed to guide the switching among subsystems that do not possess the invariance and attraction of task sets. Furthermore, a common barrier function method, as a special case of the SBF method, is proposed to solve the SCMTC problem for switched systems under arbitrary switchings. Finally, an illustrate example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Finite-time resilient control for uncertain periodic piecewise polynomial time-varying systems

This study explores the problem of finite-time resilient control for periodic piecewise polynomial time-varying systems in the face of parameter uncertainties, time-varying state delays and external disturbances. Particularly, the considered system is characterized by dividing the fundamental period of periodic systems into numerous subintervals, each of which can be expressed by using matrix polynomial functions. The foremost intention of this work is to lay out a resilient controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is finite-time bounded and satisfies a mixed [Formula: see text] and passivity performance index. Furthermore, by constructing a periodic piecewise time-varying Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a delay-dependent sufficient condition is established in line with Wiritinger’s inequality and matrix polynomial lemma to guarantee the needed outcomes of the system under study. Following this, the gain matrix of the devised controller can be calculated by solving the established constraints. As a final step, we conclude with a numerical example that validates the potential and importance of the theoretical discoveries and the developed control scheme.

Research on the optimal speed of vehicles passing speed bumps on the highway based on an immune algorithm

Abstract. With the advancement of vehicle technology, there is a growing demand for vehicle comfort in addition to the focus on safety and functionality. On certain accident-prone sections of highways, such as entrance and exit ramps, tunnels, and downhill stretches, continuous speed bumps are typically installed to remind vehicles to reduce their speed. However, while enhancing safety, these measures also introduce a degree of discomfort for passengers and drivers alike. Vehicle speed and the type of road speed bump are key factors influencing vehicle comfort. In order to improve the ride comfort, this paper investigates the problem of adaptive speed control for vehicles passing over different types of continuous speed bumps and proposes a method for solving the optimal speed. In this research, a 4-degree-of-freedom vehicle suspension model and a road excitation model are employed to simulate vehicle vibrations. Simulation optimisation is performed using MATLAB in conjunction with an immune algorithm to obtain the optimal vehicle speeds for traversing three types of continuous speed bumps – sinusoidal, rectangular, and trapezoidal – while adhering to specified constraints. The simulation results demonstrate that this optimisation algorithm effectively enhances the ride comfort of vehicles when navigating speed bumps. The algorithm, when applied, reduces vehicle vertical displacement, acceleration, suspension deflection, and tyre load to varying degrees when crossing speed bumps. It also reduces tyre ground clearance to some extent, achieving a balance between comfort and safety. Furthermore, the study identifies the range of comfortable vehicle speeds for traversing these three types of speed bumps, providing valuable insights for selecting the appropriate speed bump design on roads with varying speed limits.

Unveiling combat strategies against Candida spp. biofilm structures: Demonstration of photodynamic inactivation with innovative phthalocyanine derivatives

Antimicrobial resistance is an important problem for infection control and therapy. Microorganisms in biofilm structure are remarkably less susceptible to antimicrobials compared to planktonic cells. Increasing rates of resistance to antimicrobials have led to the development of new antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment method that may contribute to the fields of infection control and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of photosensitizers and the anti-biofilm activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains. The anti-biofilm effects of aPDT on the biofilm of Candida albicans were also visualized via SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Our findings showed that aPDT with phthalocyanines inhibited biofilm production levels and reduced the mature biofilm levels of Candida strains. Additionally, SEM results supported that aPDT application successfully eradicated fungal cells and inhibited the biofilm produced by C. albicans. Although more detailed experiments are needed, we suggest that the use of Pcs in aPDT may be beneficial for the treatment of biofilm-related Candida infections.

Finite-time fault-tolerant control of a spacecraft using composite learning in the presence of moment of inertia uncertainty and external disturbances

In this paper, a neuro-adaptive finite-time fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems is proposed based on the backstepping method, considering model uncertainties and external disturbances. To compensate for model uncertainties, a neural network is employed, while external disturbances and the estimation error of the neural network are handled using a disturbance observer. Additionally, actuator faults are estimated and compensated for distinctly using two adaptive elements in the proposed control system. Moreover, to enhance the learning of the neural network, disturbance observer, and other adaptive elements, particularly in the lack of persistently exciting signals, a composite learning approach is utilized. To this end, a state-observer is introduced, and its estimation error along with the tracking error is used in the updating rules of all the adaptive elements in the design. Additionally, to prevent the explosion of terms in the backstepping method, a command filter with practical finite-time stable auxiliary variables is incorporated into the proposed controller. Finite-time convergence of the tracking error to zero is rigorously proved using the Lyapunov method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, the problem of attitude control of a rigid spacecraft with moment of inertia uncertainty, external disturbances, and multiple actuator faults is considered since precise attitude control of a spacecraft is of great importance in different maneuvers. The results show that using the introduced control system, the spacecraft is able to track the desired trajectory under different types of uncertain dynamics.

ISSUES OF REPORTING ORGANIZATIONS FINANCIAL RESULTS IN THE ESG FRAMEWWORK

Currently, solutions to the problems of accounting and control of the financial results of the activities of organizations related to the ESG system are highlighted. In particular, this problem is exacerbated in the food industry, where the "agriculture-food processing-final realization" value chain clearly operates, in each of which the financial results arising from entrepreneurial activities with ESG requirements take special forms, which manifest not only in internal management, but also in public control challenges. The article introduces the principles of accounting for the results of the application of the ESG concept, as well as approaches to coordinating information in this direction.