Control System Design Research Articles

Data Interactive Control System Based on Heterogeneous Database of Information Fusion and Internet of Things

Abstract To improve the data interaction control effect of a heterogeneous database and reduce packet loss rate and response time, a new heterogeneous database data interaction control system based on information fusion is designed. The system consists of hardware and software parts. The hardware part of the heterogeneous database data interaction control system is composed of a data extraction module, data sending and receiving module, encryption module, and data interaction control module. On the basis of completing hardware design, the system software is designed, a fuzzy similarity matrix is constructed by calculating the similarity among the evidence, the weight coefficient of each piece of evidence is calculated by calculating the support function of each piece of evidence, the evidence source model is modified by using discount rules, and Dempster–Shafer combination rules are transformed into matrix analysis. Combined with the modified evidence source model, information fusion of the heterogeneous database is carried out to complete the software design of the data interactive control system. The experimental results show that the data interaction control effect of the heterogeneous database in this system is good, and the packet loss rate and response time are low, improving the data interaction control effect.

Series-Hybrid Powertrains: Advancing Mobility Control in Electric Tracked Vehicle Technology

This work focuses on developing a mobility control system for high-speed series-hybrid electric tracked vehicles, which operate with independent traction motors for each track. The scope of this research includes modeling a series-hybrid powertrain specific to military tracked vehicles and conducting an in-depth analysis of its dynamic behavior. Subsequently, this study conducts a critical review of mobility control approaches sourced from the literature, identifying key techniques relevant to high-inertia vehicular applications. Building on foundational models, this study proposes a robust closed-loop mobility control system aimed at ensuring precise and stable off-road vehicle operations. The system’s resilience and adaptability to a variety of driving conditions are emphasized, with a particular focus on handling maneuvers such as steering and pivoting, which are challenging operations for tracked vehicle agility. The performance of the proposed mobility control system is tested through a series of simulations, covering a spectrum of operational scenarios. These tests are conducted in both offline simulation settings, which permit meticulous fine-tuning of system parameters, and real-time environments that replicate actual field conditions. The simulation results demonstrate the system’s capacity to improve the vehicular response and highlight its potential impact on future designs of mobility control systems for the heavy-duty vehicle sector, particularly in defense applications.

A design of a household output water temperature control system based on the PID controller and feedforward control

Household bathroom products are facing the problems of input water temperature fluctuation and effluent temperature control delay, which brings trouble to consumers. This essay will propose a solution that controls the water temperature at the effluent end by adding a water tank and an electrical heater. The author establishes a mathematical model of the water tank and calculates the transfer functions of different parts of the control system. He also chooses a PID controller as the core of the closed-loop system. A feedforward control system is built into the design to reduce the effect of the disturbance. Simulink software is used to conduct the simulation experiment. The result of the simulation shows that the change in heat provided by the heater has the ability to control the temperature of the output water. Additionally, the feedforward control system can reduce the influence of the input water temperature effectively.

Research and Design of an Intelligent Street Lamp Control System Based on NB-IoT

Research and Design of an Intelligent Street Lamp Control System Based on NB-IoT

Design of flight control system of Quad Tilt Rotor UAV based on PID algorithm

This research focuses on the quadrotor tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle and considers various usage scenarios such as battlefield and transportation environments, as well as flight stability issues in complex meteorological environments. A PID control algorithm for rotor angle control of quadrotor tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicles is designed, which is suitable for different usage scenarios and meteorological conditions.

Design of fine motion control system for aerobics athletes based on light imaging equipment detection and image processing technology

Design of fine motion control system for aerobics athletes based on light imaging equipment detection and image processing technology

Event‐triggered model reference adaptive control system design for SISO plants using meta‐learning‐based physics‐informed neural networks without labeled data and transfer learning

SummaryThis paper examines the controllability of a novel Lyapunov‐based model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system designed with a meta‐learning‐based physics‐informed neural network (MLPINN) for linear and nonlinear single‐input and single‐output (SISO) plants without labeled data (MLPINN‐MRAC system). It is devised with the benefits of several techniques: the integration of the identification process in a training mode into an online control mode (straightforward design); no labeled data generation for online identification by a physics‐informed neural network; the prevention of degradation in tracking performance by meta‐learning, as the system triggers a meta‐learning process only when an error threshold detects the deterioration (high efficiency and the reduction of computation cost); quick adaptation to new inputs and an updated control input for each sub‐time span by transfer learning. It is worth noting that the frequency of the meta‐learning event detection significantly affects the step response stability of the nonlinear plant. To achieve a better quality of the stabilization, more frequent event detection is necessary for both beginning and end intervals in control. Sixteen triggering events are enough to shape the acceptable step response of the nonlinear plant, and 44 triggering events achieve the plant's desired step response with its minor modeling error. While, as for the linear plant, a single triggering event is sufficient to attain its tolerable step response and modeling error, implying that intensive event detection is not critical in the identification. It is obvious that the MLPINN‐MRAC system functions well and is more beneficial and efficient for the nonlinear plant.

A Novel Robust Control System Design and Its Application to Servo Motor Drive

A Novel Robust Control System Design and Its Application to Servo Motor Drive

Retracted: Design and Application of Electromechanical Control System Based on Computer Fault Tolerance Technology

Retracted: Design and Application of Electromechanical Control System Based on Computer Fault Tolerance Technology

Sir Alistair G. J. MacFarlane. 9 May 1931—2 November 2021

Sir Alistair MacFarlane was a gifted engineer with a fascination for feedback control systems from his industrial experience on radar systems through to his university research on multivariable control system design. He managed to excel in both practical design and mathematical analysis. He was also exceptionally effective, charismatic and visionary in leadership positions at both Cambridge and Heriot-Watt universities.

Design of Control System of Oil Collection Device

The South-to-North Water Diversion project is a large water conservancy project implemented by the Chinese government to solve the water shortage problem in North China, but the oil slick pollution is an important problem. Aiming at the problem of oil slick pollution, a control system of oil slick collection device is designed in this paper. First of all, the design idea of intercepting first, then collecting, and then separating was determined, and the software was programmed. The simulation of Proteus software showed that the control program was stable and reliable, the pressurizing device could realize manual and automatic control respectively, and the oil-water separation device could realize the control of the three valves.

Magnitude-phase equivalent circuit and steady-state power-angle characteristic analysis of DFIG

Circuit model representing generator characteristics is essential in stability analysis and control system design of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). This paper develops the relationship between generated voltage and magnetic field in DFIG, and establishes an equivalent circuit model considering rotor motion. The novel magnitude-phase equivalent circuit (MPEC) model is established based on vector magnitude and angle. Furthermore, the paper analyzes phasor diagrams, calculates the power expression under the MPEC, and obtains steady-state power-angle characteristic of the DFIG. In the proposed power-angle characteristic, the DFIG's output incorporates variations in slip ratio and power-angle, which combines the characteristics of asynchronous and synchronous machines. Based on the proposed MPEC and power-angle characteristic, the steady-state maximum power of the DFIG is determined at the critical stable power-angle of π/2. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent circuit model and power-angle characteristic of DFIG. The results show that the MPEC model is capable of analyzing the DFIG stability from the power-angle motion perspective, and the system exhibits a potential for instability when the power-angle exceeds 1.5.

Pioneering Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis: A TOPSIS Driven Paradigm for Optimal Solutions

Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a significant challenge across various domains, requiring adept resolution of conflicts arising from diverse objectives and criteria. This study proposes an innovative approach aimed at optimizing controllability, minimizing irreversibility, and maximizing overall effectiveness in control system design to address this challenge. The primary objectives of this study are to introduce a novel methodology for selecting Heat Exchanger Networks (HEN) using the well-established Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Additionally, a closeness coefficient is introduced to rank alternatives networks based on their proximity to the ideal solution. Two illustrative case studies are presented to showcase the methodology's effectiveness, adaptability, and robustness in discrete multi-criteria decision-making problems, particularly in the context of HEN selection. Consistently identifying HEN configurations that fulfill controllability objectives, the methodology demonstrates its effectiveness and potential for broader applications beyond HEN optimization. The case study results affirm the adaptability and robustness of the proposed approach. In summary, this paper introduces an original and versatile approach to address the complexities of multi-criteria decision-making, specifically in the context of HEN selection. Rooted in the TOPSIS method and fortified by the closeness coefficient, the methodology holds promise for intricate decision-making processes and offers transformative possibilities for control system design. The study concludes by inviting further exploration of the proposed methodology, emphasizing its significant contribution to the field and its potential for widespread impact. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to investigate and apply this innovative approach in diverse decision-making scenarios. The ranking results reveal that alternatives M and K is the optimum one among all the alternatives for both cases with a closeness coefficient equal to 0.651 and 0.971.

Public Decision Policy for Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks Using Control System Engineering

This work is a response to the appeal of various international health organizations and the Automatic Control Community for collaboration in addressing Coronavirus/COVID-19 challenges during the initial stages of the pandemic. Specifically, this study presents scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of three primary non-pharmacological strategies for pandemic mitigation. We propose a control system to aid in formulating a public decision policy aimed at managing the spread of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, commonly known as coronavirus. The primary objective is to prevent overwhelming healthcare systems by averting the saturation of intensive care units (ICUs). In the context of COVID-19, understanding the peak infection rate and its time delay is crucial for preparing healthcare infrastructure and ensuring an adequate supply of intensive care units equipped with automatic ventilators. While it is widely recognized that public policies encompassing confinement and social distancing can flatten the epidemiological curve and provide time to bolster healthcare resources, there is a dearth of studies examining this pivotal issue from the perspective of control system theory. In this study, we introduce a control system founded on three prevailing non-pharmacological tools for epidemic and pandemic mitigation: social distancing, confinement, and population-wide testing and isolation in regions experiencing community transmission. Our analysis and control system design rely on the susceptible-exposed–infected–recovered–deceased (SEIRD) mathematical model, which describes the temporal dynamics of a pandemic, tailored in this research to account for the temporal and spatial characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 behavior. This model incorporates the influence of conducting tests with subsequent population isolation. An On–off control strategy is analyzed, and a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is proposed to generate a sequence of public policy decisions. The proposed control system employs the required number of critical beds and ICUs as feedback signals and compares these with the available bed capacity to generate an error signal, which is utilized as input for the PID controller. The control actions outlined involve five phases of “Social Distancing and Confinement” (SD&C) to be implemented by governmental authorities. Consequently, the control system generates a policy sequence for SD&C, with applications occurring on a weekly or biweekly basis. The simulation results underscore the favorable impact of these three mitigation strategies against the coronavirus, illustrating their efficacy in controlling the outbreak and thereby mitigating the risk of healthcare system collapse.

Design and Research of Series Actuator Structure and Control System Based on Lower Limb Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Robot

Lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robots have become an important direction for development in today’s society. These robots can provide support and power to assist patients in walking and movement. In order to achieve better interaction between humans and machines and achieve the goal of flexible driving, this paper addresses the shortcomings of traditional elastic actuators and designs a series elastic–damping actuator (SEDA). The SEDA combines elastic and damping components in parallel, and the feasibility of the design and material selection is demonstrated through finite element static analysis. By modeling the dynamics of the SEDA, using the Bode plot and Nyquist plot, open-loop and closed-loop frequency domain comparisons and analyses were carried out, respectively, to verify the effect of damping coefficients on the stability of the system, and the stiffness coefficient ks = 25.48 N/mm was selected as the elastic element and the damping coefficient cs = 1 Ns/mm was selected as the damping element. A particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm was proposed to introduce the fuzzy controller into the PID control system, and five parameters, namely the the fuzzy controller’s fuzzy factor (ke, kec) and de-fuzzy factor (kp1, ki1, kd1), are taken as the object of the algorithm optimization to obtain the optimal fuzzy controller parameters of ke = 0.8, kec = 0.2, kp1 = 0.5, ki1 = 8, kd1 = −0.1. The joint torque output with and without external interference is simulated, and the simulation model is established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment The results show that when fuzzy PID control is used, the amount of overshooting in the system is 14.6%, and the regulation time is 0.66 s. This has the following advantages: small overshooting amount, short rise time, fast response speed, short regulation time, good stability performance, and strong anti-interference ability. The SEDA design structure and control method breaks through limitations of the traditional series elastic actuator (SEA) such as its lack of flexibility and stability, which is very helpful to improve the output effect of flexible joints.

Design of PMSM Dual-Loop Control Systems Integrating LADRC and PI Controllers via an Improved PSO Algorithm

This paper is concerned with the design of a dual-loop control system for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An improved linear extended state observer (LESO) with excellent estimation capability is employed to develop an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) suitable for PMSM speed regulation, achieving outstanding disturbance suppression in PMSM speed control. The use of an internal model control scheme to initialize the parameters of the proportional-integral- (PI-) based current controller simplifies the search space of the control system parameter optimization. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the controller parameters, thereby enhancing the overall system performance. Finally, through a series of simulations and experiments, we validate that our proposed controller exhibits superior performance compared to some other control methods.

Reachable Set Estimation and Controller Design for Linear Time-Delayed Control System with Disturbances

This paper investigates reachable set estimation and state-feedback controller design for linear time-delay control systems with bounded disturbances. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, we obtain a delay-dependent condition, which determines the admissible bounding ellipsoid for the reachable set of the system we considered. Then, a sufficient condition in the form of liner matrix inequalities is given to solve the problem of controller design and reachable set estimation. Then, by minimizing the volume of the ellipsoid and solving the liner matrix inequality, we obtain the desired ellipsoid and controller gain. A comparative numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of our result.

Continuum Modeling and Boundary Control of a Satellite with a Large Space Truss Structure

Due to its advantages of easy deployment and high stiffness-to-mass ratio, the utilization of truss structures for constructing large satellites presents an appealing solution for modern space missions, including Earth observation and astronomy. However, the dimensions of the traditional finite element model for a satellite with a large space truss structure become exceedingly large as the structure’s size increases. The control system design process based on the finite element model is complex and time-consuming. This paper employs the continuum modeling method to represent the truss structure as a continuous entity. The bending vibrations of the truss structure are encapsulated by a simplified partial differential equation (PDE), as opposed to the more intricate traditional finite element model. Simultaneously, the satellite’s attitude motion is characterized by an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Building upon this coupled PDE-ODE model, a boundary control law that only requires sensors/actuators at the boundary is formulated to effectively mitigate structural vibrations and regulate the satellite’s attitude. The exponential stability of this closed-loop system is scrutinized using Lyapunov’s direct method. The simulation results affirm that the continuum modeling method is indeed well-suited for satellites endowed with substantial truss structures, and the proposed boundary law proves to be highly effective in both attitude tracking and vibration suppression.

On the Global Stability of Nonlinear Hurwitz Control Systems

The problem of designing nonlinear control systems by the algebraic polynomial-matrix method using quasilinear models is considered. The quasilinear models of nonlinear plants are easily created on the basis of their nonlinear equations in the Cauchy form. To create these models only the differentiability of the plants nonlinearities is required. The solution to the design problem of the nonlinear Hurwitz control systems using the algebraic polynomial-matrix method is available if the quasilinear model of the plant is controllable. The design with application of this method consists of creating the quasilinear model of the nonlinear plant, generating several polynomials, composing and solving a system of linear algebraic equations. The theorem about the global stability of the equilibrium of the nonlinear systems, represented in the quasilinear model, is proved by the method of Lyapunov functions. The numerical examples of the design of nonlinear Hurwitz control systems are given. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —This article is concerned with the creation of stable nonlinear control systems with nonlinear elements since the linear systems can’t fulfill the quality requirements demanded from modern control systems. Additionally, the known design methods of nonlinear systems, such as the input-state feedback linearization, backstepping, passivity and others, require the transformation of the original nonlinear equations of the plant into some special form. These transformations are often very difficult to find and to execute. A new algebraic polynomial-matrix design method of the nonlinear control systems using the quasilinear models of nonlinear plants is proposed in the article. This method can be applied if the nonlinearities of the plant are differentiable, and the quasilinear model of the plant is controllable. The theorem about global stability of the equilibrium is proved for the systems designed with this approach. The quasilinear models are easily created on the basis of the original equations in the Cauchy form for a given nonlinear plant. The algebraic polynomial-matrix design method is very simple: the quasilinear model is created; several polynomials are calculated with the use of this model and the linear algebraic equations system is composed. The solution of this system allows us to write down the expression which defines the control law as a nonlinear function of the plant’s state variables. This system will be globally or locally stable if the conditions of the theorem or the corollaries, proved in this article, are satisfied. The numerical examples illustrate the application of the suggested approach to the design of nonlinear Hurwitz control systems for the nonlinear plants. The main advantages of this approach: the quasilinear models are created quite easily; the nonlinear control law is found as a solution to the system of linear equations. The results can be applied to the creation of nonlinear control systems of nonlinear plants in many industries: shipbuilding, aircraft construction, automobile construction, agriculture and many others.

Environmental control system (ECS) design approach for collective nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection in military aircraft: A review

This comprehensive review paper delves into Environmental Control System (ECS) design strategies tailored for collective Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) protection in military aircraft, exploring key elements such as hardening, air-tight construction, and filtering within the framework of open-loop or closed-loop ECS configurations. Initially, the paper elucidates the NBC protection requirements stipulated in commonly applied regulations such as MIL-HDBK-516C, DEFSTAN, and EMACC, highlighting the imperative for ventilation air to be devoid of contaminants, as mandated by these regulations. Subsequently, the paper delineates the strategic framework for NBC defense in the military aerospace industry, emphasizing the principles of avoidance, protection, and decontamination. A comparative analysis between individual and collective protection strategies underscores the comprehensiveness of the latter, prompting a recommendation for ECS design approaches grounded in the principles of collective protection, namely hardening, air-tight construction, and filtering. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into the configurations of open-loop and partial closed-loop ECS, elucidating their architectures for NBC protection. A comparative evaluation of these configurations enables the identification of pertinent parameters crucial for informed selection. In conclusion, the paper posits that the partial closed-loop ECS configuration exhibits greater promise in delivering enhanced NBC protection compared to the open-loop configuration, particularly in military aircraft applications operating in NBC environments.