Context Of Crisis Research Articles

After flight. Visions from London Heathrow

This paper uses creative methodologies to explore the future of relations between art and flight. Responding to the conditions of the pandemic, I take Heathrow Airport, which is near my home, as an observable and symbolic landscape inflected with art’s mobilities but also a window onto changing times. I draw on material gathered within the constraints of the lockdown walk – diary notes, photographs, correspondence – as well as theoretical framings that include planetary social thought, evidentiary forms of materialism and aesthetic reflections on the modern ruin. I ask: what axioms and assumptions about art and flight are unsettled by this landscape? What is revealed about relations between art and the planetary? And what possible futures does it offer artists striving to square internationalism with ecological consciousness?In the context of a climate crisis, the deserted airport is suggestive of a catastrophic future that reads as an allegory of fossil fuel dependence. Yet the complexity of disentangling art from flight, an inherently carbon hungry mode of transport, should not be underestimated – it will need to negotiate not just the terrain of environmental impact but also the artistic identities, exhibition models and curatorial personas that have flourished under the conditions of cheap flight.

COVID-19 and sexual violence against women: A qualitative study about young people and professionals' perspectives in Spain.

There is an increasing awareness of the magnitude of different forms of sexual violence (SV), especially in relation to youth. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a negative impact on different forms of violence against women. In this study, we aim to analyse SV in the COVID-19 lockdown among young people and SV-related services from the perspective of professionals and young people from different sectors in Spain with responsibilities in attending SV and other forms of violence against women-related. A qualitative content analysis was performed on semi-structured interviews with 23 women and men aged 18 to 24 and 15 professionals working with youth and/or in violence against women or sexual violence related services. The sample was from northern, eastern and central regions of Spain. According to the professionals' experience, the COVID-19 lockdown lessened their ability to work on violence prevention. Both informants perceived that sexual violence had decreased in public spaces whereas it increased in digital ones and noticed the silence surrounding violent situations had deepened. However, they differed regarding its impact on sexual violence within intimate partners, mainly due to the lack of awareness of this problem among young men. In regard to violence against women and sexual violence, our results highlight the need to develop protocols for action and improve resource accessibility in crisis contexts.

Incorporating scarcity into footprints reveals diverse supply chain hotspots for global fossil fuel management

In the current context of energy and geopolitical crises, the sustainable supply and use of energy play a critical role in responding to climate change and the global transformation towards a low-carbon economy. The supply-chain risks of fossil fuels (i.e., raw coal, crude oil, and natural gas) are closely linked to sustainable production and consumption, emphasized by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the impacts of scarcity or endowment of fossil fuels on the global scale remain unknown, which hinders sustainable fossil fuel management from a global perspective. This study analyses the scarcity-weighted fossil fuel extractions (i.e., supply side) and footprints (i.e., demand side) of nations. It identifies the hidden supply-chain risks that cannot be revealed when focusing on supply or demand itself (e.g., France, Norway, and Ecuador from the supply side, and France, Germany, and Norway from the demand side). Moreover, the net trade (= import-export) flows of embodied fossil fuels of certain nations (e.g., France, Australia, and Russia) have even reversed. The novel findings of this study demonstrate the importance of incorporating scarcity footprint into the SDG framework to reveal the hidden supply-chain risks. They could inform more explicit and targeted implications for global sustainable fossil fuel management. Under the background of complex international energy trade relations, nations with high risks should accelerate their energy transitions and strengthen international cooperation from both supply and demand sides.

Meaning of Work in Crisis Contexts

Meaning of Work in Crisis Contexts

Blurring Context and One-Sided: Kompas.com in Framing the West Papua Crisis

In September 2021, the conflict between West Papuan separatist groups and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) heated up. Kompas.com, one of Indonesia's media with the most extensive readership, contributes significantly to public understanding and perception of the West Papua crisis. This study aims to examine how Kompas.com frames the West Papua crisis on 7-30 September 2021. Framing analysis examines three important aspects of news framing: crisis frames, thematic and episodic frames, and news sources. The news regarding the West Papua crisis on 7-30 September 2020 was only filled with three frames: conflict, attribution of responsibility, and human interest. Kompas.com has tried to provide space for parties with a moderate position in the conflict, such as the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI), Komnas HAM (National Commission on Human Rights), and Kontras (The Commission for Disappeared and Victims of Violence). However, in general, the news is still very much dominated by news sources from the Indonesian government and the military and not using enough thematic frames. Kompas.com needs to be more comprehensive to report on the crisis in West Papua during the reporting period of 7-30 September 2020. Kompas.com also does not elaborate that the Free Papua movement is plural and fragmentary, with a spectrum of violent movements to peace movements. The conclusion of this study, Kompas.com tends to blur the context of the West Papua crisis, which risks limiting and directing public understanding of the West Papua crisis to exist within the government's frame.

The “heaviest rains that man had ever seen or heard of:” interpreting a weather event in late medieval Portugal

ABSTRACT The fifteenth-century royal chronicler Fernão Lopes describes a weather event on 24 October 1384 in which the future King João I of Portugal (1385–1433) failed to attack a strategic castle because of a tremendous storm that caused the army to lose its way in the dark and rendered the roads and river crossings impassable. The city of Lisbon flooded and there was considerable damage to buildings. The description of the storm and its aftermath is by far the longest description of weather for medieval Portugal. The aim here is to set this storm within the context of the late medieval crisis, placing it alongside the warfare, plague, papal schism, siege and hunger also described by Lopes, and exploring it in relation to research on late medieval climate change. Lopes’s chronicles are major sources for crisis in medieval Portugal, but this storm has not previously been considered within that context.

EW SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT. A CRITICAL REVIEW IN THE ACTUAL CONTEXT OF MULTIPLE CRISIS AND TURBULENCES

The paper refers to the management of electronic warfare systems and the latest approaches in this field. Also, some important main historical milestones and new development trends in the field of EW (Electronic Warfare) are being discussed. Finally, after identifying the relationship between ECM (electronic counter measures) and ES (electronic support) and the gaps in the current research of electronic warfare systems, it has been shown how is this domain influenced in the current context of multiple turbulences and crises

Global and Local Pentecostal Histories: Reframing Pentecostal Historiography in Africa

Arguably, Pentecostalism’s multifaceted and global nature continues to be marred by historiographical contentions and contestations. Diverse historiographical perspectives continue to shape the understanding of contemporary Pentecostal Christianity globally. Undoubtedly, the chaotic context of the socio-economic crisis in Africa has offered Pentecostal Christianity an opportunity to become a public force worthy of critical studies. Recent historical studies indicate enormous Pentecostal success, especially among the disadvantaged in African societies. Even as a prominent feature on the world’s religious stage, Pentecostal history is unsettled, especially in Africa. Histories of Pentecostalism continue to receive a barrage of blame and accusation for historiographical biases. Scholars from the West are to blame for neglecting or completely ignoring the vital and often more significant work from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Latino regarding the history, growth, and expansion of Pentecostal Christianity. This article raises the question of whether African Pentecostalism and its global significance locate within the accounts of global Pentecostal historiographies. It broadly explores issues in the international Pentecostal historiography, arguing that African Pentecostalism is a complex phenomenon originating from indigenous prophetic figures and their antecedents. Therefore, it challenges the North American Azusa Street revival trajectory; Pentecostalism in Africa sprung up in response to contextual challenges faced by the Africans, which mission Christianity could not adequately address. The historiography of African Pentecostalism is steeped in polygenesis, yet within the global context of Pentecostal history.

Management Control Practices as Performance Facilitators in a Crisis Context

In modern times, disruptive contexts have challenged the functioning of organisations, as shown by recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the current war in Europe. The literature highlights the role of management control practices (MCP) as resources that help to improve decision-making processes and organisational performance and competitiveness in a crisis context. In response to stakeholders’ pressures, companies are integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues into their measurement and control systems. The aim of this research is to examine whether companies perceive MCP as a resource to support the decision-making process and contribute to organisational performance and competitiveness in a crisis environment, as well as to ascertain the perceived role of CSR in MC. A survey by questionnaire was conducted among the 250 major exporting companies in Portugal. Results show that in a crisis context of uncertainty and unpredictability such as the COVID-19 pandemic organisations perceive MCP as having (1) a significant influence on organisational performance and on leveraging organisational competitiveness; (2) a significant link with CSR. In general terms, this study provides new insights into the perceptions of the role of MCP as a valuable resource to achieve organisational competitiveness and performance in disruptive social and economic contexts.

Towards a dynamic conceptual model for understanding the impact of social isolation on SIE women's adjustment and career development

PurposeSelf-initiated expatriates (SIE) women's career decisions are often based on the establishment of close personal relationships in various spheres of life. This paper aims to explore the effects of social isolation in times of crisis on SIE women's work, psychological and general adjustment.Design/methodology/approachThe model of expatriate women's adjustment by Caligiuri and Lazarova (2002) is reviewed and adapted to account for the impact of social isolation and loneliness on SIE women's adjustment and professional development in a crisis context. The interplay between duration and intensity of crisis and acculturative stress over time is highlighted; danger zones for potential maladjustment are identified, and adjustment-as-a-crisis context are incorporated into the model.FindingsThe spillover effects between different life spaces in times of isolation have a negative impact on SIE women's ability to develop supportive relationships in different life spaces. The organization becomes the main point of contact with the host culture, but pressure to perform, uncertain contracts, gendered role division and the experience of a double crisis add to the existing acculturative stress which may lead to maladjustment or further fit-dependent crisis over time.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the theoretical understanding of the impact of social isolation on a single, vulnerable acculturating group, by expanding on an existing static model of adjustment, to account for the temporal (time) and spatial (multi-dimensional crisis context) constraints faced by SIE women which has not been done before.

Disseminating risk communication

Abstract This paper investigates advice offered on closure signs displayed on businesses in Greece and the UK during the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic. By scrutinising signs photographed in London and in Athens, as well as speeches delivered by the British and Greek prime ministers at the time of the closures, our analysis shows how business owners pass on government instructions to their customers. The study thus makes an original contribution to research on the effectiveness of risk communication, revealing that while businesses in both countries supported the implementation of containment measures, the Greek signs replicated governmental messages more closely. At the same time, the analysis of advice offered by business owners to their customers in an unprecedented context of a global health crisis provides new insights into research on this speech act.

From knowledge to action: South Asian diaspora engagement in times of crisis

ABSTRACT This article elucidates the underlying rationales underpinning the significance of the focal subject matter of the special issue. It also furnishes a comprehensive synopsis of the eight individual contributions encompassed within special issue. During periods of crisis, the diasporic communities assume an integral role in navigating and alleviating the repercussions of emergencies. This article meticulously scrutinises the extant body of knowledge pertaining to diaspora involvement in crisis scenarios, whilst accentuating pivotal discoveries and valuable insights. Ultimately, the article culminates by discerning lacunae in knowledge and pinpointing realms warranting further scholarly inquiry. It conspicuously underscores the exigency for empirical investigations that meticulously assess the efficacy of divergent models and interventions concerning diaspora engagement within contexts of crisis.

Gender, Management Style, and the Flexibility of Informal Sector Enterprises in The Period of Covid-19: The Case of Agri-Food Microenterprises in Mali

As in any organization, microenterprises owe their survival to their ability to adapt to changes in their environments. Informal microenterprises in Mali, particularly those run by women, also have to deal with the economic upheaval caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is exploratory and aims to understand the adaptation of informal microenterprises run by women in a crisis context. To do so, a multiple case analysis is conducted. The results reveal the flexibility factors of the actions undertaken by informal women entrepreneurs to face the Covid-19 crisis. The perseverance of these women and their management style based on relational skills, as well as their mastery of the culinary arts linked to their role of "expert of the kitchen" in Malian society allowed their business to adapt to the context of the crisis. In addition to these individual characteristics and socio-cultural factors, women entrepreneurs adopted strategies such as adjusting working hours and diversifying into new activities. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the combined effect of individual factors, gender-related socio-cultural factors, and management style on microenterprise flexibility in times of crisis.

Use of new technologies and evidence-based decisions: key factors in the strategy for the 2020 Population and Housing Census in Mexico in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The development of population and housing censuses implies a challenge regarding the necessary resources, logistics, and operations for National Statistical Offices (NSOs). At the global level, this challenge was more significant in the 2020 census round due to the COVID-19 health contingency. This led Mexico’s National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía – INEGI) to analyze possible scenarios in the face of the pandemic and rethink some activities in order to adapt to the contingency. As a result of these measures, the 2020 Population and Housing Census in Mexico turned out a success. The aim of the paper is to share INEGI’s solutions implemented before, during, and after the COVID-19 contingency, which favored the development and conclusion of the census in Mexico and which other countries might find useful. Among the key elements of the Mexican census strategy was the incorporation of technologies for data collection, e.g. migrating from paper questionnaires to the use of mobile computing devices (MCDs), which reduced the time of capture and processing of information. In addition, a brief analysis of the behavior of past pandemics facilitated the decision-making. The main lessons learned from the Mexican experience include: the importance of maintaining the generation of official statistics in crisis contexts, the need for NSOs to have a robust risk management system that contemplates all types of scenarios and allows them to act in any contingency, and the need to implement innovative data collection methods and extend the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

원격간호 법제화를 위한 고찰

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted significant transformations in the traditional face-to-face provision of healthcare services, leading to a global surge in diverse forms of digital health. Internationally, there is a growing focus on fostering the digital health industry for disease treatment and health promotion, beyond just teleconsultation and telemedicine. Various healthcare professionals are actively participating in a broad range of telehealth practices, including tele-education, tele monitoring, and telecounseling, with corresponding legislative frameworks being put in place.
 In response to the COVID-19 crisis, South Korea temporarily permitted telemedicine between physicians and patients. Subsequently, as positive public sentiment towards telemedicine emerged, a revised bill concerning telemedicine was reintroduced. However, the proposed amendments to the medical law still primarily revolve around teleconsultations between doctors and patients, predominantly within hospital.
 Within South Korea, nurses have been actively engaged in telenursing tasks, encompassing support for teleconsultations, remote monitoring of patients, telecounseling, remote explanations, remote observations, telesurveillance, and tele-education of patients’s family. This involvement extends beyond the context of the COVID-19 infectious disease crisis, encompassing routine scenarios, as part of the Ministry of Health and Welfare's community-based telehealthcare pilot program. Nonetheless, the existing legal framework in South Korea fails to adequately address this reality. Given the actual landscape of remote healthcare in the country and its potential for further advancement, it is crucial to establish legal provisions that encompass the expected roles and responsibilities of nurses, which currently remain unaddressed within the prevailing medical laws.
 This study considered France which stipulated and legislated the scope of nurse roles, conditions and fees for performance within Telecare Act that was added in Telehealth law in 2019. Through this, this paper discuss the problems and implications of the pilot project about telemedicine in South Korea and matters that should be included in the revision of the law.

Energy consumer in the Cuban legal system: Towards comprehensive protection

Abstract Nowadays, energy consumer protection must be a top priority in an energy crisis context. The State must fight energy vulnerability and energy poverty through all means. In this scenario, Law has crucial relevance to providing legal guarantees for energy access. In the Cuban legal order, energy consumer protection has new challenges and demands new perspectives. This article entitled: ‘Energy consumer in the Cuban legal system: Towards a comprehensive protection’ has, as a general objective, to determine the need of creating a comprehensive protection system that provides legal security to the energy consumer in the Cuban legal system. This article initially addresses the main general aspects of energy consumer legal protection, first referring to its historical evolution and conceptualization. It also explains the need for each State to provide a comprehensive protection system for its energy consumers, taking as reference good practices in the existing ones. Next, regulation of energy consumers is determined in the Cuban Energy Law and Policy Framework, evidencing the existence of legislative gaps to provide effective protection.

Perceived Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Loneliness: The Most Vulnerable Population Groups

COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures reasonably limited the social contacts of people in many countries. It is crucial to understand the effect of such policies on people’s social ties and the possible need for evidence-based public policy amendments. Therefore, this study examines 1) the prevalence of loneliness in the population aged 15+ in Lithuania in late 2021 and 2) the self-rated effect of the COVID crisis on loneliness in population groups with different levels of loneliness. It also focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of these population groups. Data from a representative cross-sectional quantitative survey (N = 1067), carried out in November–December 2021, was used. Based on the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, descriptive statistics analysis revealed the high prevalence (51% of a medium level of loneliness) in the Lithuanian population. One in three people (36%) declared low-level loneliness, and each seventh or eighth (13%) reported high-level loneliness. The feelings of respondents who reported a high level of loneliness were also less stable; they more often stated that their feelings of loneliness increased during the pandemic. These research findings make contributions to studies of loneliness within the context of sudden crises. They emphasise the importance of policymakers focusing on additional measures when preparing for future emergencies and providing special attention to residents who experience the highest levels of loneliness. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-020 Full Text: PDF

Evidence as a Specific Knowledge to Inform Humanitarian Decision-Making in Migration Crisis Contexts: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Jordan

To fulfill their missions, humanitarian organizations are engaged in the production and dissemination of a specific form of knowledge about refugees—namely, evidence. Yet relatively little scholarly work has been done on evidence as a basis for humanitarian decision-making in refugee crises. In this article, we analyze the evidence produced on Syrian refugees in Jordan between 2012 and 2017 by humanitarian actors, its appropriateness and relevance, to assess (a) potential side-effects for refugees and (b) functions for humanitarian organizations. Drawing on 234 documents on Syrian refugees in Jordan collected on major humanitarian platforms and interviews with experts from international organizations, this article shows that, due to the type of evidence produced, Syrian refugees living outside camps are invisibilized and their needs might be less considered in aid projects. The article also shows that some evidence practices are related to the outsourcing of data collection and analysis to specialized actors, and to quantification and standardization of evidence that plays a part in consolidating the legitimacy of humanitarian organizations. Our results highlight the importance of considering this specific form of knowledge when studying humanitarian interventions in international migration and refugee governance.

Estratégias procíclicas e anticíclicas no desempenho de MPMes em contexto de crise: Um estudo a partir da pandemia do COVID-19

Objective: To investigate the impact of procyclical and countercyclical strategies on the performance of MSMEs in the context of the Covid-19 crisis. Methodology/approach: Quantitative sample, with 118 micro, small, and medium-sized companies in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Spearman's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Main Results: In the period dominated by the pandemic (2020/2021), countercyclical strategies performed better than procyclical strategies. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Although the literature explores procyclical strategies, studies that associate the influence of procyclical and countercyclical strategies with organizational performance still need to be made available. This gap is even more evident when MSMEs in crisis contexts are considered. By associating still new dimensions, such as HR, marketing, and production, among others, this article helps to fill gaps associated with, even today, a lack of work that seeks integrated models capable of better understanding the impact that crises, such as COVID-19. Relevance/Originality: The article innovates by associating, in the context of the literature on the crisis, the two types of strategies (countercyclical and procyclical) in the elaboration and testing of an integrated analytical model composed of different variables, and capable of being used not only in new research as well as in the business context. Social/management contributions: By demonstrating that cuts in investments in marketing and other areas produce adverse effects on performance and that organizations benefit by keeping employees instead of firing them, this study sheds light on the relevance of countercyclical strategies, which still need to be explored.

Blended Learning and Professional Development of Student-Teachers in the English- Speaking Regions of Cameroon

Aim: This study examined blended learning and the professional development of student-teachers in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon, within the context of the socio-political crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methods: The argument for this study anchored on Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism Theory, Tchombe’s Mediated Mutual Reciprocity Theory, Harasim’s Online Collaborative Learning Theory, Garrison’s Self-directed Learning Model, and Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory. A cross-sectional survey research design, with a quantitative approach for data collection was used. A sample of 288 student-teachers, derived using two probability (proportionate stratified and simple random) sampling techniques and one non-probability (purposive) sampling technique, participated in this study. A 39-item self-designed structured blended learning questionnaire for student teachers was used to collect data. The data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The Principal Component Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares Regression Model were used to test the specific null hypotheses.
 Results: Findings showed that, teacher-directed learning has a positive but insignificant influence on student-teachers’ professional development (Coef. .0009534; P>t=0.988), distance learning has a negative but significant influence on student-teachers’ professional development (Coef. -.1169*; P>t=0.072), self-directed learning (Coef. .1985***; P>t=0.002 and flipped learning (Coef. .23711***; P>t=0.000) both have a positive and significant influence on student-teachers’ professional development.
 Conclusion: The study conclude that blended learning has a significant influence on the professional development of student teachers in the English-speaking regions of Cameroon.
 Recommendation: The study recommend that the blended learning strategy with relevant objectives and content be provided in the training of student-teachers, as well as the training of teacher-trainers on the didactics of the blended learning model integrating information and communication technologies.