Context Of Crisis Research Articles

Exploring tourist animosity and its influence on destination choices in the post-covid 19 eras: A study of Vietnamese independent travelers

Previous studies on consumer animosity have traditionally focused on the relationship between a single home country and a specific target country. This limited approach implies that animosity is contingent upon the unique dynamics between these two countries. However, this study seeks to broaden the conceptualization of consumer animosity by exploring its applicability to a pandemic health crisis, an area that has not been previously examined. While consumer animosity has been studied in economic, political, cultural, and religious contexts, its relevance within the context of a health crisis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study is to investigate tourist animosity towards different countries and its impact on the decision-making process for choosing a tourist destination, before and after a holiday. This study’s primary objectives were successfully accomplished through a comprehensive analysis, which entailed thoroughly examining and interpreting qualitative data procured from a total of seventeen semi-structured interviews conducted with meticulous care and attention to detail. The findings reveal that tourist animosities, including general animosity, war hartred, the threat of pandemics, and countries' policies regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, have a negative influence on tourists' intentions to visit, intentions to revisit, and their likelihood to spread positive word-of-mouth. The study also highlights that tourists frequently rely on online sources, such as government websites, to access tourism information and review countries' travel policies, even in the post-COVID-19 era. This research contributes to the understanding of the consumer animosity construct, which has been previously explored in the realms of economics, politics, culture, and religion but has not been applied to a pandemic health crisis before. Furthermore, the study investigates universal animosity, which encompasses animosity directed towards various countries and extends beyond country-specific causes, offering practical implications for the tourism industry in the post-pandemic era.

Grand design policy for economic empowerment through waste management: A case study of Pekanbaru City’s environmental and energy strategies

Waste management has emerged as a compelling issue within the global environmental crisis context. The escalating waste production and its consequential impact on the environment necessitate proactive management solutions. This research aims to delve into the potential of economic empowerment through waste management and scrutinize the ramifications of environmental and energy policies on the populace of Pekanbaru City. Employing a mixed methods approach, through field surveys, direct perspectives from the public and stakeholders concerning economic empowerment through waste management were meticulously amassed. The results from the data analysis underscore the potential benefits of economic empowerment via waste management. These findings substantiate the exigency for an integrative and sustainable policy stance in confronting the multifarious challenges posed by waste management. This necessitates not only an integrated food system policy but also the provision of community training and education, alongside governmental support for waste management programs. The realm of waste management exhibits a substantial capacity to augment the economic empowerment of the community. However, the optimization of waste management practices in Pekanbaru City mandates a comprehensive strategy facilitated through a multi-sectoral collaboration, involving government, private enterprises, and the community.

Aksi PEGIDA Terhadap Pengungsi Muslim di Jerman

This research examines the actions of Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West (PEGIDA) towards Muslim refugees in Germany through the framework of Islamophobia as formulated by the Runnymede Trust. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical research design to comprehend the nature and implications of PEGIDA's anti-Muslim sentiments and actions within the broader context of the refugee crisis in Germany. The research begins by discussing the refugee crisis and the development of Islamophobia in Germany, which serves as the rationale for the rise of PEGIDA. The study identifies the main objectives of the group and the prevailing public sentiments towards Muslim refugees. Based on the Islamophobia framework, this research analyzes the ideological foundations and strategies employed by PEGIDA. The conceptual framework examines aspects of prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminatory practices faced by the Muslim community due to PEGIDA's actions, which contribute to the academic discourse on Islamophobia, right-wing movements, and refugee integration in Europe. The results of this research reveal that PEGIDA's actions, based on aspects of Islamophobia, have created divisions between the society and refugees that can lead to crimes. The government has also made several efforts to address this issue, including reapplying the Dublin Regulation and collaborating with Turkey.

Humanitarian Public Diplomacy in Comparative Perspective: The 2015 Refugee Crisis (2015-2021), the Syrian Civil War (2011-2022) and the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

Summary The aim of the article is to enhance understanding of the phenomenon of humanitarian public diplomacy in relation to digital communication strategics. It aspires to grasp the nature of discursive practices and strategies of public communications used by practitioners of humanitarian diplomacy. The article analytically maps discursive practices and strategies of public communications employed by humanitarian international organisations across humanitarian crisis cases and explains similarities and differences across cases. Three contexts of humanitarian crisis were chosen as case studies: the humanitarian crisis resulting from the war in Syria (2011-2022); the refugee-related humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean (2015-2021); and the humanitarian crisis that accompanied the Nepal earthquake in 2015.

JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF CARING: CONTRADICTORY DEMANDS OF HR WORK IN BELARUSIAN IT INDUSTRY

This article discusses the tensions of Human Resources (HR) work in Belarusian IT companies by examining it within the context of an ongoing crisis in the industry. HR workers in Belarusian IT are predominantly female, and various gendered expectations are assigned to them, both formally and informally. Based on the qualitative study conducted in 2021, I examine how care (Fisher & Tronto, 1990), emotional labor (Hochschild, 2012), and intimate labor (Zelizer, 2010) manifest in HR work, regulated by the idea of balancing the interests of different groups and employer branding rationale. HRs have to perform several kinds of emotional work that are not officially part of their job and even can be regarded as unprofessional, but that are nevertheless perceived as unavoidable. I discuss how performing impartiality involves what Hochschild calls deep and surface acting (2012) with several audiences in mind. I argue that the ambiguity of this role is strategic in the sense that it serves the businesses, by allowing them to benefit from emotional labor without acknowledging it.

Tracing the effect of the paycheck protection program on nonprofit capacity to sustain payroll and services during COVID‐19

AbstractThis study explores the effect of government fiscal stimulus on nonprofit performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. More specifically, it investigates whether access to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) increased the ability of nonprofit organizations operating in the crisis context conditions to continue supplying funds for payroll and maintain effective delivery of services and programs after the initial revenue shock. The study findings are derived from the analysis of survey data collected from 160 Wisconsin nonprofit organizations in July and August 2020 linked to publicly available Internal Revenue Service tax filings. Regression analysis reveals a strong positive connection between the PPP loans and the nonprofit capacity to continue funding payroll and providing services within the next months of the pandemic. The empirical results suggest that the government stimulus policies offering direct economic assistance can indeed contribute to the continuity of nonprofit services and payroll in times of fiscal uncertainty, albeit the policy may not yield equally significant results across all types of organizations. This study increases the understanding of nonprofit performance during an extended revenue crisis, offering answers to policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in learning more about the efficacy of federal stimulus funding in enabling private organizations to mitigate the financial consequences of the COVID‐19 crisis.

EU-LAC relations after the 2023 EU-CELAC Summit: what now?

This policy brief critically assesses the III EU-CELAC Summit that took place in July 2023 after a pause of eight years. It is argued that even though the results were rather unimpressive, in the current context of global crises and uncertainties, they should not be dismissed. Governments and civil societies in both regions should not let the sparkle of the Summit extinguish and seize the moment to advance further consensus about better mechanisms to transform common values in collective action at the birregional and global-multilateral level in this critical juncture of history.

After the last good year: trade unions and educational reform in Greece

ABSTRACT Education policy research has seen a growing interest in the consequences of teacher trade unionism of global education reform. Less attention has been paid to teacher unions as strategic social actors attempting to influence both national education policy and employment relations at the school level. Addressing this topic, the article examines the challenges and dilemmas of teacher trade unions as they negotiate education policies in crisis contexts. With a particular concern for school and teacher evaluation, it focuses on reforms in Greek education, as these have played out in a period of structural adjustment and prolonged austerity (2010–2023). Drawing on interview data with leading members of the primary and secondary teacher unions, the article discusses the conditions in which reforms have emerged and the responses they have evoked from teacher unions in an education state undergoing historically significant change. It argues that the crisis provoked uncertainties of strategy in Greek teacher unionism. Nevertheless, unions maintain their identity as active components of movements for educational change and as organisations that aim to defend the status and working conditions of their members. Debates in Greece highlight a combination of economic and political aspirations, characteristic of teacher unions across Southern Europe.

Strategic Hedging or Alignment? Qatar’s Foreign Policy Toward Iran in the Wake of the Blockade Crisis

The blockade imposed on Qatar changed the power dynamics in the Persian Gulf, increasing tension and insecurity in the area. Qatar’s ability to overcome the blockade was largely due to its cooperation with Iran, and the two countries’ ties grew as a result. This study investigates whether Qatar’s long-standing hedging toward Iran has changed into an alignment in the wake of the 2017 blockade. The key conclusion of the article is that, despite Qatar’s faint signals of alignment with Iran during the blockade, it did not entirely stray from its hedging strategy. Qatar-Iran relations has been selected as a case study to illustrate the effects of regional developments and security crises on the hedging strategy within the context of the Blockade Crisis.

Video Games and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Virtual Worlds as New Playgrounds and Training Spaces

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the authorities to take an unprecedented measure in history: the house confinement of millions of people worldwide. Video games, especially open-world video games (OWVGs), became meeting spaces, a digital places to play, chat, learn and socialize due to the context of the health crisis, respecting the rules of social distancing. This article analyses the role of video games and, more specifically, OWVGs, as playgrounds and training spaces during the pandemic. Statistical data and analyses carried out by consulting companies and civil associations show the definitive insertion of these video games in our routine and social relations. The challenge is to take advantage of the skills and abilities that these video games develop within a new framework of individual and community learning. The conclusions of the research show that the virtual worlds of video games are for the new digital society, safe and comfortable meeting spaces, and that since the confinement, these digital places have greatly expanded their reach, previously only limited to the gamer community.

“I Don’t Go Overboard”: Perceptions of Overdose Risk and Risk Reduction Strategies among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island

Background : North America experiencing an unprecedented overdose epidemic, with data estimating almost 110,000 overdose deaths occurring in 2022 in the United States (US). To address fatal overdoses in the US, community organizations and local health departments in some jurisdictions have expanded community distribution of naloxone, and increased overdose prevention education, and other harm reduction supplies and services (e.g., fentanyl test strips, drug checking programs) to reduce harm for people who use drugs (PWUD). Objectives : Understanding how PWUD manage overdose risk within the context of these expanded services is important for ensuring public health services are meeting their needs. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 PWUD who were accessing harm reduction services in Rhode Island. Data were imported into NVivo where they were coded and analyzed thematically. Results : Our findings demonstrate the complexity of managing overdose risk in the context of a fentanyl drug supply. While most participants were concerned about overdosing, they sought to manage overdose risk through their own harm reduction practices (e.g., testing their drugs, going slow) and drug purchasing dynamics, even when using alone. Conclusions : Study findings point to the need to implement and scale-up community-level interventions to better support PWUD within the context of the current US overdose crisis.

A cross-sectional assessment of patient satisfaction with community pharmacy services in Lebanon: The IMPHACT-LB study

Background: After the pharmacy profession has shifted from product-oriented practices to a more patient-centered approach, patient satisfaction has become an essential indicator of overall quality of care. This study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacy services and pharmacist-patient relationships on patient satisfaction in a crisis context, considering patient characteristics, economic factors, access to care, and health status. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study (April 11-April 27, 2023) assessed patient satisfaction using validated tools among 865 Lebanese adults. Results: Satisfaction with pharmaceutical care was moderate (60%), varying between 58% and 63%. Notably, higher satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with having private health insurance (Beta=0.583), taking more medications (Beta=0.166), and receiving advice from pharmacists about a healthy lifestyle (Beta=0.651), while lower satisfaction was associated with a university level of education (Beta=-0.505), older age (Beta=-0.022), and perceiving pharmacists as medication experts (Beta=-1.007). Conclusion: Age, education, health coverage, and patient expectations, in addition to services offered by community pharmacists, significantly affected satisfaction in times of crisis. Stakeholders should address pharmaceutical care holistically, acting concomitantly on improving health coverage, access to care, reasonable expectations, and optimising community pharmacy services.

Ensuring leadership at the operational level of a health system in protracted crisis context: a cross-sectional qualitative study covering 8 health districts in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

BackgroundThis study examines how leadership is provided at the operational level of a health system in a protracted crisis context. Despite advances in medical science and technology, health systems in low- and middle-income countries struggle to deliver quality care to all their citizens. The role of leadership in fostering resilience and positive transformation of a health system is established. However, there is little literature on this issue in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study describes leadership as experienced and perceived by health managers in crisis affected health districts in Eastern DRC.MethodsA qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in eight rural health districts (corresponding to health zones, in DRC’s health system organization), in 2021. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations. Participants were key health actors in each district. The study deductively explored six themes related to leadership, using an adapted version of the Leadership Framework conceptual approach to leadership from the United Kingdom National Health Service’s Leadership Academy. From these themes, a secondary analysis extracted emerging subthemes.ResultsThe study has revealed deficiencies regarding management and organization of the health zones, internal collaboration within their management teams as well as collaboration between these teams and the health zone’s external partners. Communication and clinical and managerial capacities were identified as key factors to be strengthened in improving leadership within the districts. The findings have also highlighted the detrimental influence of vertical interventions from external partners and hierarchical supervisors in health zones on planning, human resource management and decision-making autonomy of district leaders, weakening their leadership.ConclusionsDespite their decentralized basic operating structure, which has withstood decades of crisis and insufficient government investment in healthcare, the districts still struggle to assert their leadership and autonomy. The authors suggest greater support for personal and professional development of the health workforce, coupled with increased government investment, to further strengthen health system capacities in these settings.

Role of Political Communication in the Formation of a New World System: The Use of Soft Lie Diplomacy in Global Crisis Context

Role of Political Communication in the Formation of a New World System: The Use of Soft Lie Diplomacy in Global Crisis Context

Employees’ belief restoration in a crisis context: the role of servant leadership, workplace spirituality, and proactive personality

ABSTRACTThere is insufficient empirical evidence to support the critical role of employee’s belief restoration during significant crises. The aim of this study is to derive a model of how servant leadership affects employees’ belief restoration during a crisis, using workplace spirituality and proactive personalities as mediators. For the purposes of this research, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted on a sample of 315 employees of aviation service providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed positive nexuses between servant leadership and workplace spirituality as well as proactive personality. However, the direct effect of servant leadership on employees’ belief restoration was not supported. The findings further demonstrated positive relationships between workplace spirituality and employees’ belief restoration, as well as between employees’ proactive personalities and their belief restoration. The study also found that the link between servant leadership and belief restoration is significantly and positively mediated by workplace spirituality and employee proactivity.

Reimagining international relations in times of ecological crisis: A dialogue on multispecies justice

This article departs from a political ecology perspective to build a critique against the predominant anthropocentrism in international relations. It argues that the acknowledgement of the agency of non-human beings, and their inclusion and representation in political decision-making processes, is not only essential to create socioecological sustainability in the multispecies communities that we are all part of, but that it is also, fundamentally, a matter of justice. The article introduces the concept of multispecies justice as a possible ally in a dialogue for the reimagining of international relations, both as a discipline and as institutional practice, so that the latter can more adequately, effectively, and fairly respond to the current context of planetary crisis. As an illustrative example of what multispecies justice is (or can become) in practice, the article resorts to the case of rivers and to some of the non-anthropocentric initiatives that have been arising for their protection, conservation, or restoration.

Occupational outcomes of people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) are vulnerable to unfavorable occupational outcomes and the COVID-19 pandemic brought major consequences on people's professional lives. In this view, we decided to investigate the occupational outcomes of PwMS during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis searching key terms in four databases. We initially included any peer-reviewed original article that enrolled adult patients with the diagnosis of MS and assessed any occupational variable during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no time limits and no language restrictions. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of unemployment, retirement and employment status change among people with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Other outcomes included the modality and characteristics of work: type of work, full-time work, part-time work and remote work. We also searched for data from studies that addressed any change in the work status due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We identified 49 eligible articles comprising a total sample size of 17,364 individuals with MS. The pooled prevalence of unemployment and retirement was 0.47 (95% CI = 0.42-0.53). The pooled prevalence of PwMS who were unemployed or retired was positively associated with the progressive phenotype of the disease (p = 0.017) and the use of glatiramer acetate (p = 0.004), but negatively associated with hospitalization due to COVID-19 (p = 0.008) and the use of immunosuppressants (p = 0.032), siponimod (p < 0.001), and cladribine (p = 0.021). The pooled proportion of PwMS that reported any change of the employment status during the COVID-19 pandemic was 0.43 (95% CI = 0.36-0.50) while the pooled prevalence of PwMS who worked remotely during this period was 0.37 (95% CI = 0.15-0.58). The change in employment status was negatively associated with the duration of MS (p = 0.03) but positively associated with the progressive phenotype of the disease (p < 0.001). Our seminal review may serve as an example of how patients with neurological diseases or disabilities in general may have their jobs impacted in a pandemic and foster the context of global socio-economic crisis.

Factors affecting prosocial sharing health-related information on social media during a health crisis: A dual exchanging-protecting model

During a health crisis, prosocial sharing of health-related information (HRI) on social media can help deliver early warnings about new diseases, raise social awareness, exchange support, and spread health policies. Current literature has mainly focused on the factors of general sharing of HRI under normal conditions but neglected those motivations under the health crisis context. This study aims to investigate factors that influence prosocial sharing of HRI on social media during a health crisis. To obtain the objective, this study proposes a dual exchanging-protecting model derived from the fear appeal model and social exchange theory. A partial least squares analysis, carried out on surveyed data of 326 participants, suggested that online users performed two steps of threat appraisal and coping appraisal when they share HRI on social media. Specifically, both health and information risks were found to have impacts on prosocial sharing via motivational factors. Additionally, the motivations of prosocial sharing include both protecting factors (i.e., sharing efficacy, response efficacy) and an exchanging factor (i.e., reciprocity expectation). Our findings offer several theoretical implications and practical contributions for health communicators.

Pathos Configuration in the War Crisis Context

The paper deals, in broad terms, with the discursive functioning of emotions; it proposes a case study: the analysis of the pathemic configuration of the speech delivered by president Zelensky in the joint meeting of the US Congress, on March 16th 2022, within a war crisis context, intrinsically affectively marked. The analysis is set within a rhetorical-argumentative framework, considering the discursive appeal to emotions as a form of “subjective rationality” (Charaudeau 2000), and it aims to highlight the strategic, emotive structuring of the discourse, by means of various intertwining mechanisms of emotional elicitation, with constant reference to the audience’s endoxical profile. As pointed out by the analysis, certain types of (implicit) emotions (sharing a highly active-motivational dimension) are particularly appealed to: basic intensive emotions, such as anger or fear and, especially, sociomoral (both euphoric and dysphoric) emotions, such as pity/compassion, (national) pride, gratitude, admiration, or shame/guilt. Their presence in the speech demarcates a discursive scenario, which supports its main persuasive goal: to obtain the audience’s adhesion to the speaker’s viewpoint, as well as to mobilize a future concrete extra-discursive (re)action.

Creative industries and disaster resilience: A focus on arts- and culture-based industries in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the mechanisms through which creative industries build resilience to disasters in the Global South. Existing studies on the resilience of creative industries have been dominated by the context of economic crises in urban Europe and digital-based sectors. We examine the extent to which arguments based on this literature are applicable to arts- and culture-based creative industries in the Global South, which have different characteristics and face different types of shocks, including natural hazards. We develop a conceptual framework that enables a comprehensive comprehension of the disaster resilience exhibited by creative industries, considering their unique characteristics and dynamics. We employ qualitative research methods in which a case study is set in three villages in Lombok and Yogyakarta regions, Indonesia, that represent different strengths of attachments to tradition and times taken to build resilience after disasters. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with local stakeholders, and the resulting data is analyzed using an interactive model. Our findings show that arts- and culture-based creative industries have inherent capacities that help them carry out with their businesses after disasters, namely creativity, the ability to maintain their market segments, and motivation for cultural preservation and empowerment. Nonetheless, it is imperative to convert these abilities into the capacity to find new knowledge and identify opportunities for enhancing resilience. The role of external assistance matters in building resilience, especially from physical damages and losses, but it remains the capacity of business owners to organize their businesses to be able to face any new challenges.