Construction Of Water Conservancy Projects Research Articles

Construction Time-Cost Optimization of River Dredging Project in Cold Region Based on NSGA-II Algorithm

The construction of water conservancy projects is increasingly restricted by non-technical factors such as climate, environment and society, so it is particularly important to optimize it to improve the benefits of construction enterprises. Taking a river dredging project in cold region as an example, this paper uses NSGA-II algorithm to carry out multi-objective optimization of the construction time-cost, and uses MATLAB software to compile the construction optimization program of dredging project. Finally, the optimal combination of construction time and cost is obtained. The results show that the optimization results are in line with the actual situation of the project and save about 10% of the investment for the project. The method in this paper can provide useful reference for the optimization control of the construction progress of the actual project.

Preliminary study on runoff analysis of karst landforms in Yunnan Province

Runoff calculation in non-closed watersheds with no data area is a common problem encountered in the construction of water conservancy projects in our province. Judging from non-closed watersheds to runoff and flood analysis in non-closed watersheds has been a problem for operators. In this paper, based on the common problems in the hydrological calculation of the data-free karst area, the method of judging the non-closed watershed and the treatment of some problems in the actual runoff calculation are proposed. The estimated runoff results are also basically in line with local conditions.

Remote sensing imaging: a useful method for assessing wetland vegetation evolution processes in the Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve, Lake Poyang

To obtain authentic details on wetland vegetation distribution and evolution processes, remote sensing images were used to calculate the vegetation area of the Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve (NWNNR) in wet (flooding) and dry seasons. The results showed that the vegetation coverage areas were significantly negatively correlated with the water levels. Moreover, the vegetation coverage areas in the dry season presented an obvious decreasing trend since 2008 when the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) began operations, whereas the vegetation areas in the flooding season significantly increased. A statistical analysis indicated that significant differences occurred in the vegetation areas before and after 2008 in both the flooding and dry seasons. Furthermore, the vegetation distribution regions also changed in the same period over different years. Obvious regional variations were not observed in the flooding season due to the lower vegetation coverage areas. However, the spatial distribution of vegetation in the dry season showed a mix of river, lake and beach regions, which indicated the fertility of the soil for wetland vegetation to grow and develop. From 1995 to 2008, the vegetation distribution area was mainly located in the southwest of the NWNNR. Since 2009, the vegetation distribution in the northeast area has been dominant in the dry season compared with the aggregation in the southwest. The influence of human behavior, extreme climate change and water conservancy project construction had an important influence on the distribution and evolution of wetland vegetation in the NWNNR.

The Runoff Evolution and the Differences Analysis of the Causes of Runoff Change in Different Regions: A Case of the Weihe River Basin, Northern China

The runoff levels of the major hydrological stations in the Weihe river basin (WRB) have been found to present decreasing trends. However, the conspicuous spatial differences in the hydro-meteorological conditions have led to variations in the rainfall–runoff pattern in each of the sub-basin areas. The aims of this research study were to reveal the main factors contributing to the runoff changes in the different regions—and it has significance in the water resources rational allocation and protection in the different regions. Three statistical methods were used to analyze the law of precipitation and runoffs of five hydrological stations. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to reconstruct the runoff in the impact period. The effects of climate change and human activity on runoff were separated by comparing measured runoff and reconstructed runoff. The results show that the closer the proximity to the downstream hydrological station, the more the runoff decreased. In the tributaries and upstream hydrological stations (Zhuanhtou (ZT), Zhangjiashan (ZJS), and Linjiacun (LJC)), from 1970 to 2016, the dominant factor of the runoff reduction was determined to be climate change, and accounted for 148.2%, 98.9%, and 90.5%, respectively. In the hydrological stations of middle and lower reaches (Xianyang (XY) and Huaxian (HX)), the contributions of the climate change to the runoff reduction were 49.7% and 44.3%, respectively, and the impacts of human activity accounted for 50.3% and 55.7%. The impacts of human activity on the runoff reduction were slightly greater than that of the climate change. Due to the different leading factors affecting runoff change in the basin, in response to future climate change, for tributaries and upstream areas, land use should be rationally planned to achieve the optimal balance of water volume in each part of the basin, which is of great significance to the protection and utilization of water resources. As for the middle and downstream regions, reasonable planning should also be focused on the amount of water withdraw, water resource allocations, and water conservancy project construction. According to the factors affecting runoff, corresponding strategies are proposed for different regions, which have important research significance for the protection and sustainable development of watershed water resources.

Application of an Improved Cloud Model and Distance Discrimination to Evaluate Slope Stability

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the construction of infrastructure has continuously improved. In the past few years, the construction of water conservancy projects has been constantly developing, and related geological disasters have become increasingly prominent. The stability of water conservancy slopes is related to whether water conservancy projects can be safely constructed and built to function safely and effectively, which has become a topic of increasing concern for geologists and related researchers. This paper selects the Jinping 1 Hydropower Station in Sichuan, China, for analysis. Four categories of evaluation factors (geological, engineering, environmental, and monitoring) and 24 subfactors (17 quantitative indicators and 7 qualitative indicators) are selected to ascertain the risk of the slope more accurately. By investigating the deficiencies of the traditional cloud model, the related concepts and computational models of a finite-area cloud model are proposed. By obtaining the characteristic parameters, the degrees of membership of the measurement samples belonging to different risk levels are further obtained. The weights of the indicators determined by the cloud processor and the weighted distance discriminant method are used to determine the final weights and achieve a final classification of the slope stability level. The research results demonstrate that the weighted distance discriminant algorithm combined with the improved finite-interval cloud model can consider the comprehensive information of each evaluation index and the degrees of mutual influence between the indicators, making the evaluation results more objective. Moreover, the proposed approach can quickly and accurately classify slope stability and deliver a prediction of the safety, thereby providing new ideas for evaluating the stability of slopes.

Analysis and Projection of Flood Hazards over China

Floods have been experienced with greater frequency and more severity under global climate change. To understand the flood hazard and its variation in the future, the current and future flood hazards in the 21st century in China are discussed. Floods and their trends are assessed using the accumulation precipitation during heavy rainfall process (AP_HRP), which are calculated based on historical meteorological observations and the outputs of a global climate model (GCM) under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The flood-causing HRPs counted by the flood-causing critical precipitation (the 60% fractile of AP_HRP) capture more than 70% of historical flood events. The projection results indicate that the flood hazards could increase under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 and increase slightly under RCP2.6 during the 21st century (2011–2099). The spatial characteristics of flood hazards and their increasing trends under the three RCPs are similar in most areas of China. More floods could occur in southern China, including Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Fujian provinces, which could become more serious in southeastern China and the northern Yunnan province. Construction of water conservancy projects, reservoir dredging, improvement of drainage and irrigation equipment and enhancement of flood control and storage capacity can mitigate the impacts of floods and waterlogging on agriculture.

Reviewing the Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project Based on Humans’ Changing Cognition of Water Conservancy Projects

Water conservancy projects occupy an extremely important status in human development history. Human cognition about water conservancy projects has been in constant evolution along with the changing relationship between humans and nature (water). Based on a literature review, this study provides a systemic summary of the evolution of the human need for water resources and of water conservancy projects, as well as the equilibrium between humans and nature (river and lake ecosystems). More importantly, the transformation of cognition concerning the governance of nature and river and lake ecosystems is reviewed. Taking the perspective of modern rationalism on water conservancy projects, four major changes in human cognition are identified. Further, the most salient water-related issues arising from China’s largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake, are analyzed and the history and predicament of its governance are described. This is accompanied by a discussion on the countermeasures. Finally, based on the evolution of the human–water relationship and cognitive transformation concerning water conservancy projects, several suggestions are proposed for the planned construction of the Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project. The conclusions of this paper shed new light on the principles of water governance and water conservancy project construction in a new era that has witnessed a growing conflict between socioeconomic development and the water environment. Our suggestions are also valuable for the governance of Poyang Lake.

Research on Supervision of PPP Project of Hydraulic Engineering Considering Synergistic Effect

The PPP model is an important way for government to solve the needs of infrastructure construction of water conservancy projects. There is a general information asymmetry between government departments and social capital parties, which is easy to cause moral hazard problems. This paper analyzes the causes and harms of moral hazard behavior according to the characteristics of water conservancy projects. A regulatory game model is constructed between government and social capitalists based on synergy, by using different forms of supervision and incentives for different behavioral choices of social capitalists.

Analysis on the variation characteristics of Wuguan River runoff in South Qinling Mountain

Aims at the hydrological analysis in the early stage of water conservancy project construction, studies the long series runoff and its variation law in Wuguan River, and analyzes the characteristics of annual and interannual changes in this paper, Provides basic support for the later reservoir construction. Based on the precipitation data (1959-2001) and the runoff data (1959-2014) from Wuguan hydrologic station, many methods such as statistical analysis, R/S, M-K trend test and mutation test were used to study the change rule of runoff. After that, influential factors of runoff were analyzed in the paper. Results show that the annual runoff of the Wuguan River is 1.53 million cubic meters, monthly runoff differs greatly in a year with clear period of concentration from Jul. to Oct.; Annual runoff showed a long-term decreasing trend and the mutation point appeared in 2010; Precipitation changes was the main cause of the decreasing runoff compared to human activities. Runoff forecasting showed weak increasing trend in the coming years. Overall, the runoff of the Wuguan River varies greatly between annual and interannual, but it can be used as a water source to supply water for the urban area of Danfeng County through the storage of reservoirs. The results can provide reference for the safe construction of water storage projects in the later period, and it has a reference value for the development and utilization of Wuguan River.

The Influence of Agricultural Water Conservancy Project on Environment

In recent years, due to the rapid increase of China's economic level, agriculture and industry have developed vigorously, and the demand for electricity has increased accordingly. Water conservancy project construction investment is also increasing, too much water conservancy construction projects will inevitably affect the natural environment, the human environment. China's water conservancy and hydropower construction is facing a diffi cult task. In terms of environmental impact, compared with other projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects have prominent characteristics: the impact of a wide geographical area, affecting the population, the local social, economic and ecological environment is huge, the external environment on the project also exert a huge impact The At present, the whole society has paid more and more attention to environmental problems, and the environmental quality has become higher and higher. Environmental problems have become one of the restrictive factors in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects. As the human environment continues to deteriorate, the public is increasingly concerned about environmental issues and sustainable development. At the same time, people are also aware that the impact of agricultural water conservancy construction on the environment is also twofold, so avoid or mitigate the adverse eff ects, Fully rational use, is the water conservancy workers in the construction of agricultural water conservancy planning must be carefully studied and to solve the important issues.

Evaluation Model and Algorithm of Water Resources and Hydropower Based on ANP

The tendering and evaluation of water conservancy projects is an important part of China's infrastructure construction, and the evaluation of bids is also a key link in the construction of water conservancy projects. In view of the problems in the bid evaluation process for project of water conservancy and hydropower in a certain province, the proportion of subjective elements is large, the proportion of bid evaluation factors is not fixed, the randomness is large, and the external obstacle factors are large. This paper proposes the use of network analysis in the bid evaluation process. The method (ANP) considers the mutual influence and dependence of each index, and establishes a multi-index comprehensive scoring criteria model for the nonlinear combination of indexes. Based on the model establishment process, the algorithm of ANP evaluation model was implemented using C# and applied to the bid evaluation process, which made the evaluation process more scientific and rational.

Variation Analysis of Streamflows from 1956 to 2016 Along the Yellow River, China

With the change of climate and the impacts of human activities, the water resources crisis of the Yellow River is becoming increasingly serious. How and why did the streamflows of the Yellow River basin change? Based on observed annual runoff data (1956–2016) of 10 main hydrological stations along the Yellow River, the linear regression method, the Spearman rank correlation method and the Mann-Kendall test method are used to analyze runoff trend. The orderly clustering method, the sliding t test method and the Lee-Heghinian Method are used to identify the abrupt change point. Finally, the wavelet analysis method is used to identify runoff time series period. The results show that: (1) With the exception of the streamflow of Tangnaihai, the streamflows of all examined stations have significantly declining trends. The decrease of the streamflow from the upper to the middle to the lower reaches is becoming more and more obvious; (2) The runoff of the Yellow River has changed greatly. The abrupt change point at Tangnaihai occurred in 1989. The abrupt change points of the other stations took place in 1985; (3) The runoff along the Yellow River presents multi-time scale changes. The streamflows appear to have strongest periods of 25–40 years with a 40-year scale, which indicate the alternate oscillations of the high and the low water periods. The periods of <6 and 7–24 years are not stable and are complicated. The first main period of runoff in the Yellow River is 30 years; (4) The streamflow upstream of Tangnaihai station is mainly affected by the climate. The streamflows downstream of Tangnaihai station are influenced by human activities, especially water extraction and diversion and the operations of the large reservoirs. These research results have important practical guiding significance for hydrological forecasting, evaluation and management of water resources, construction of water conservancy projects and sustainable utilization of water resources in the region.

Impact of Social Factors in Agricultural Production on the Crop Water Footprint in Xinjiang, China

Irrigation plays an important role in China’s agricultural production, and a reasonable assessment of water resources consumption in agricultural production will contribute to improved agricultural water management practices. The objectives of this study were to analyze variations in the magnitude of the crop water footprint (CWF) in Xinjiang and determine the major factors that influence variation in order to provide proposals for water resources management. The CWF of Xinjiang from 1988 to 2015 was calculated, and the impacts of crop-planting structures, agricultural inputs, and water conservancy projects on agricultural water use were analyzed to evaluate the suitable amount of agricultural water utilization and area of farmland in Xinjiang. Results show that the magnitude of the CWF in Xinjiang significantly increased during the study period. Construction of water conservancy projects greatly facilitated water diversion and had the closest relationship with the growth of CWF. The appropriate water volume and planting area for agriculture in Xinjiang is calculated to be 39.4 billion m3 and 4.3 million ha, respectively, which are 73% and 65% of the current water consumption and cultivated area, respectively. These results can be used as a reference for reducing agricultural water consumption and the farmland area in Xinjiang.

Analysis of Winter Concrete Construction in Water Conservation Project

The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer. In most areas of Northern China, the temperature during winter remain at lower level, in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects. In particular, low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification, this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction. In order to overcome this barrier, better planning, for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.

A Study on the Importance of Water Conservancy Engineering Design

Water conservancy project as a part of Chinese socialism infrastructure projects water plays a major role in agriculture, industry and the domestic residents. Water conservancy engineering design is the most basic and important work in the early stage of water conservancy construction. We must do the design work of water conservancy project, and the problems in the design should be dealt with a timely manner so that the construction of water conservancy project can be carried out better. This paper gives an overview of the water conservancy project, explains its importance, analyzes the design of the water conservancy project, and puts forward the improvement measures for the problem.

The Influence of Agricultural Water Conservancy Project on Environment

ABSTRACT In recent years, due to the rapid increase of China's economic level, agriculture and industry have developed vigorously, and the demand for electricity has increased accordingly. Water conservancy project construction investment is also increasing, too much water conservancy construction projects will inevitably affect the natural environment, the human environment. China's water conservancy and hydropower construction is facing a difficult task. In terms of environmental impact, compared with other projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects have prominent characteristics: the impact of a wide geographical area, affecting the population, the local social, economic and ecological environment is huge, the external environment on the project also exert a huge impact The At present, the whole society has paid more and more attention to environmental problems, and the environmental quality has become higher and higher. Environmental problems have become one of the restrictive factors in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects. As the human environment continues to deteriorate, the public is increasingly concerned about environmental issues and sustainable development. At the same time, people are also aware that the impact of agricultural water conservancy construction on the environment is also twofold, so avoid or mitigate the adverse effects, Fully rational use, is the water conservancy workers in the construction of agricultural water conservancy planning must be carefully studied and to solve the important issues.

浅论农田水利工程施工对环境的影响及保护措施

浅论农田水利工程施工对环境的影响及保护措施

泥沙动力学研究方法、技术、进展及沉积学意义

分析水沙运动规律是沉积动力学与泥沙动力学面对的共同课题。泥沙动力学研究为解决江河治理和水利工程建设中的泥沙问题提供了重要思路和手段。本文介绍了泥沙动力学的研究方法、试验技术和研究进展。从沉积动力学角度借鉴泥沙动力学领域的研究方法、试验技术和理论成果，从动态观点研究沉积动力过程中各种变量与条件之间的定量关系进而研究沉积物搬运和沉积的动力机制，建立和完善受水动力约束的沉积环境标志，将拓展沉积动力学研究的理论视野和思路，提高沉积环境研究的精度，推动沉积模式的建立和学科概念的形成，丰富沉积动力学的内涵。 Analyzing the motion law of water and sediment is common topic of sedimentary dynamics and sediment dynamics. Research of sediment dynamics can provide an important way for solving se-diment problem such as river regulation and water conservancy project construction. This paper introduces the approach of sediment dynamics study, testing technology and research progress, using research methods of sediment dynamics, experimental technology and theoretical results from the perspective of sedimentary dynamics, researching on quantitative relationship between various variables and conditions of sedimentary dynamic process from dynamic view, and then studying the dynamics mechanism of sediment transport and deposition, establishing and im-proving depositional environment mark under the constraint of hydrodynamic, which will expand theory field and thoughts of sedimentary dynamics research, and improve precision of sedimentary environment study, promote the establishment of depositional model and formation of discipline concept, and enrich the connotation of sedimentary dynamics.

Shortage of Chinese medicine of the 1950s and the 20-year "Xiao qiu shou (minor autumn harvest)"

To encourage the collection and improve of purchase are the important measures to solve the shortage of Chinese medicine. In 1958, due to the large amount of rural manpower invested in the campaign of construction of water conservancy projects and the large-scale steel-making and iron-smelting, the planting of traditional Chinese medicine was thus reduced, resulting in a shortage of medicinal herbs. To alleviate the serious shortage of traditional Chinese herbals and severe situation, the State Council issued an instruction, urging to utilize and collect wild plants, raw materials in 1958, followed by another order, advocating to carry out the "Xiao qiu shou(minor autumn harvest)" the next year, including the harvesting of wild crude medicinal herbs. In the 20 years since then, the minor autumn harvest had been widely carrying out in the harvesting of wild medicinal herbs, which became the main way to solve the shortage of Chinese medicinal materials, and had played an important role in alleviating the tough supply of medicinal herbs.

Manually Produce Clay-Based Housing Materials in Rural Area

Rural housing materials in developing countries (such as African countries) are mostly (crop) straw for roof cover, soil and tree branch for (round) wall. The houses are small with interior dark. In the case of electricity, mechanical and economic conditions are not allowed, farmers hardly know how to improve housing conditions or create economic benefits by applying manual labour, animal power, land, timber and fuel (firewood or coal). In this article, the method of manually producing baked tiles (for roof cover) and bricks (for wall) are described in detail with a set of historic pictures, which aims to inherit Chinese farmers’ wisdom and diligence (intangible cultural heritage), arouse farmers in developing countries to improve their housing conditions by self reliance, promote the rise and development of rural industry, at the same time, promote the construction of water conservancy project.