Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive investigation comprising two key facets: first, the analysis of the constitutional rights of indigenous communities affected by the operations of British Petroleum (BP) Tangguh in Bintuni Bay; and second, an examination of the environmental ramifications resulting from the exploration and exploitation activities of BP Tangguh in the same region. Theoretical Framework: The research adopts a qualitative methodology, specifically employing a juridical-sociological framework, aimed at meticulously evaluating the degree of safeguarding afforded to the rights of indigenous populations in Papua, particularly in response to the repercussions arising from the operational activities conducted by BP Tangguh in Bintuni Bay, Papua. Methods: The methodology employed in this study involves a qualitative inquiry that harnesses the juridical-sociological approach as a fundamental framework to comprehensively assess and gauge the extent of safeguarding extended to the rights of indigenous communities adversely impacted by the exploration and exploitation endeavors of BP Tangguh in the region of Bintuni Bay. Through in-depth qualitative analysis and examination within this juridical-sociological paradigm, the research aims to delve into the intricate nuances and complexities surrounding the protection, or lack thereof, of these indigenous populations in the face of BP Tangguh's activities, aiming to illuminate the challenges and shortcomings in safeguarding their rights within this context. Conclussion: The research findings highlight a significant lack of protection for constitutional rights among Bintuni Bay's indigenous communities, mainly due to BP Tangguh's operations. They reveal BP Tangguh's failure in upholding these rights and emphasize the critical issue of inadequate government oversight, resulting in widespread violations. Urgent actions, including a thorough audit of BP Tangguh and swift implementation of corrective measures by the Government, are recommended to restore and safeguard the violated rights of affected indigenous communities, aiming to ensure their well-being and uphold constitutional rights. Originality/Value: The research contributes original insights by highlighting the failure to protect indigenous rights and the absence of corporate responsibility by BP Tangguh. Moreover, it emphasizes the urgency of governmental intervention, proposing specific steps to rectify the situation. This adds significant value to the discourse on corporate accountability, indigenous rights, and environmental protection in Papua's context.